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Relationships of quantitative ultrasound parameters with cancellous bone microstructure in human calcaneus in vitro
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10.1121/1.3672701
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Affiliations:
1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Boulevard, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
2 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: keith.wear@fda.hhs.gov
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 1605 (2012)
/content/asa/journal/jasa/131/2/10.1121/1.3672701
http://aip.metastore.ingenta.com/content/asa/journal/jasa/131/2/10.1121/1.3672701

Figures

FIG. 1.

A slice from a micro-computed tomogram of calcaneus. Some trabeculae appear to terminate as they move into and out of the imaging plane. Image acquired by Andres Laib, Scanco Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland. A −3 dB beam cross section at 500 kHz is shown.

FIG. 2.

Measurements of nBUA plotted vs BV/TV for the 29 bone samples. A linear regression fit to the data is also shown. The dotted lines show the linear regression fit ±1 standard error.

FIG. 3.

Measurements of phase velocity (PV) (at 500 kHz) plotted vs BV/TV for the 29 bone samples. The dotted line shows the linear fit to data from parallel-nylon-wire phantoms previously reported (Wear, 2005). The other lines show theoretical forms based on Biot theory (Biot, 1956a,b,c, 1962, 1963), which has been applied to bone by many investigators (McKelvie and Palmer, 1991; Williams, 1992; Hosokawa and Otani, 1997, 1998; Haire and Langton, 1999; Pakula and Kubik, 2002; Hughes et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2003; Mohamed et al., 2003; Cardoso et al., 2003; Fellah et al., 2004; Hosokawa, 2005; Wear et al., 2005; Lee and Yoon, 2006; Hughes et al., 2007; Pakula et al., 2008; Fellah et al., 2008; Sebaa et al., 2008; Cardoso et al., 2008; Aygun et al., 2009; Cowin and Cardoso, 2010; Buchanan et al., 2011; Cardoso and Cowin, 2011). The parameters for theoretical predictions were fluid (water) density = 1 g/cm3, fluid viscosity = 0.01 g/cm s, bulk modulus of fluid = 2.2 GPa, density of solid phase = 1.8 g/cm3, Young’s modulus of the solid phase (Es) = 13 GPa or 8.3 GPa, Poisson’s ratio of solid phase = 0.32, Poisson’s ratio of trabecular frame = 0.23. The values for the exponent m, where the Young’s modulus of the skeletal frame Eb = Es (BV/TV)m, were m = 2.14 (for Es = 13 GPa) or m = 1.75 (for Es = 8.3 GPa) (Wear et al., 2005; Pakula et al., 2008).

FIG. 4.

Measurements of backscatter coefficient plotted vs BV/TV for the 29 bone samples. A power law fit to the data is also shown. The dotted lines show the power law fit ± 1 standard error.

FIG. 5.

Means for absolute values of correlation coefficients for ultrasound parameters vs BMD and microarchitectural features from the present study and seven others (Nicholson et al., 1998; Trebacz and Natali, 1999; Nicholson et al., 2001; Chaffai et al., 2002; Hakulinen et al., 2006; Padilla et al., 2008; Karjalainen et al., 2009). Error bars denote standard deviations.

Tables

TABLE I.

Means, standard deviations, minima, and maxima of ultrasound parameters density parameters and architectural parameters.

TABLE II.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients between BMD and architectural parameters.

TABLE III.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients between ultrasound parameters and BMD and architectural parameters.

TABLE IV.

Linear regression models for ultrasound parameters. The third column is the square of the adjusted correlation coefficient of the regression. The fourth column is the increase in the square of the adjusted correlation coefficient compared to a univariate regression based on BMD as the independent variable.

TABLE V.

Univariate correlation coefficients between ultrasound parameters and indexes of bone quantity in human calcaneus in vitro for three studies; 95% confidence intervals for the present study are shown in parentheses.

TABLE VI.

Means, standard deviations, and numbers of reported values for correlation coefficients between ultrasound parameters, BMD, and microarchitectural features from the present paper and seven other papers (Nicholson et al., 1998; Trebacz and Natali, 1999; Nicholson et al., 2001; Chaffai et al., 2002; Hakulinen et al., 2006; Padilla et al., 2008; Karjalainen et al., 2009).

/content/asa/journal/jasa/131/2/10.1121/1.3672701
2012-02-14
2014-04-18

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