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The surface activation layer of GaAs negative electron affinity photocathode activated by Cs, Li, and NF3

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 174109 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3257730

Published 30 October 2009

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Y. Sun,1 R. E. Kirby,2 T. Maruyama,3 G. A. Mulhollan,2 J. C. Bierman,2 and P. Pianetta1
1Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2Saxet Surface Science, Austin, Texas 78744, USA
3SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 95025, USA
The lifetime of GaAs photocathodes can be greatly improved by introducing Li in the Cs+NF3 activation process. The surface activation layer of such photocathodes is studied by synchrotron radiation photoemission and is compared with GaAs photocathodes activated without Li. The charge distributions of N, F, and Cs experience significant changes when Li is added in the activation. In addition, the presence of Li causes NFx molecules to take an orientation with F atoms on top. All these changes induced by Li hold the key for the lifetime improvement of GaAs photocathodes. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 24 September 2009; accepted 9 October 2009; published 30 October 2009
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/95/174109/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 85.60.Ha
    Photomultipliers; phototubes and photocathodes
  • YEAR: 2009

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ISSN:
0003-6951 (print)   1077-3118 (online)
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