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Oxidation of silver electrodes induces transition from conventional to inverted photovoltaic characteristics in polymer solar cells

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 183301 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3257361

Published 3 November 2009

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Jong Bok Kim,1 Chang Su Kim,1 Youn Sang Kim,2 and Yueh-Lin Loo1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
2Department of Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
Oxidation of silver top electrodes in polymer solar cells induces the devices to exhibit a transition from conventional to inverted photovoltaic characteristics. As silver oxidizes, its work function increases from 4.3 to 5.0 eV. The silver top electrode thus reverts from collecting electrons to collecting holes during device operation. We have quantified the extent of this transformation and find it to be correlated with the rate of silver oxidation, which we can influence by altering the annealing sequence of the polymer photoactive layer, ultimately varying the grain size of silver in the top electrode. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 21 July 2009; accepted 6 October 2009; published 3 November 2009
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/95/183301/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 72.40.+w
    Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
  • 73.30.+y
    Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
  • 81.40.Ef
    Cold working, work hardening and annealing
  • YEAR: 2009

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PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0003-6951 (print)   1077-3118 (online)
Publisher:
AIP is a member of CrossRef AIP

REFERENCES (17)
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