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Velocity statistics in excited granular media

Chaos 9, 682 (1999); doi:10.1063/1.166442

Issue Date: September 1999

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W. Losert, D. G. W. Cooper, and J. Delour
Department of Physics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041

A. Kudrolli
Department of Physics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
Department of Physics, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610

J. P. Gollub
Department of Physics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
Physics Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
We present an experimental study of velocity statistics for a partial layer of inelastic colliding beads driven by a vertically oscillating boundary. Over a wide range of parameters (accelerations 3–8 times the gravitational acceleration), the probability distribution P(v) deviates measurably from a Gaussian for the two horizontal velocity components. It can be described by P(v) ~ exp(–|v/vc|1.5), in agreement with a recent theory. The characteristic velocity vc is proportional to the peak velocity of the boundary. The granular temperature, defined as the mean square particle velocity, varies with particle density and exhibits a maximum at intermediate densities. On the other hand, for free cooling in the absence of excitation, we find an exponential velocity distribution. Finally, we examine the sharing of energy between particles of different mass. The more massive particles are found to have greater kinetic energy. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.
History: Received 20 January 1999; accepted 7 May 1999
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?CHAOEH/9/682/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 45.70.Mg
    Classical mechanics of discrete systems Granular systems Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification
  • 47.55.Kf
    Fluid dynamics Nonhomogeneous flows Multiphase and particle-laden flows
  • 02.50.-r
    Mathematical methods in physics Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics
  • 47.52.+j
    Fluid dynamics Chaos
  • 05.45.-a
    Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems
  • YEAR: 1999

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ISSN:
1054-1500 (print)   1089-7682 (online)
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