Journal of Applied Physics
   
 
 
 
Previous Article
Noise in optical measurements of cantilever deflections
The optical beam deflection method using the knife edge detection technique is one of the simplest optical sensing methods. We investigate theoretically the limit to the resolution when sensing the di...
Next Article
New bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays
We have developed new bistable twisted nematic (BTN) displays that operate between the –/2 and 3/2 twist states and between the /2 and 5/2 twist states. Together with the (0,2) BTN, this forms a ...

Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope

J. Appl. Phys. 84, 64 (1998); doi:10.1063/1.368002

Issue Date: 1 July 1998

You are not logged in to this journal. Log in

John Elie Sader
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams. ©1998 American Institute of Physics.
History: Received 30 December 1997; accepted 30 March 1998
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/84/64/1
BUY THIS ARTICLE   (US$28)
Download PDF (273 kB) View Cart

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 07.79.Lh
    Instruments, apparatus, components, and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy Scanning probe microscopes, components, and techniques Atomic force microscopes
  • 61.16.Ch
    Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy Scanning probe microscopy: scanning tunneling, atomic force, scanning optical, magnetic force, etc.
  • YEAR: 1998

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0021-8979 (print)   1089-7550 (online)
Publisher:
AIP is a member of CrossRef AIP

REFERENCES (43)

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in. For access to fully linked references, you need to Log in.
  1. W.-H. Chu, Tech. Rep. No. 2, DTMB, Contract NObs-86396(X), Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas (1963).
  2. U. S. Lindholm, D. D. Kana, W.-H. Chu, and H. N. Abramson, J. Ship Res. 9, 11 (1965).
  3. D. G. Stephens and M. A. Scavullo, NASA TN D-1865 (April 1965).
  4. L. Landweber, J. Ship Res. 11, 143 (1967).
  5. W. E. Newell, Science 161, 1320 (1968).
  6. A. T. Jones, Exp. Mech. 10, 84 (1970).
  7. L. Landweber, J. Ship Res. 15, 97 (1971).
  8. G. Muthuveerappan, N. Ganesan, and M. A. Veluswami, J. Sound Vib. 61, 467 (1978).
  9. D. G. Crighton, J. Sound Vib. 87, 429 (1983).
  10. G. Muthuveerappan, N. Ganesan, and M. A. Veluswami, Comput. Struct. 21, 479 (1985).
  11. Y. Fu and W. G. Price, J. Sound Vib. 118, 495 (1987).
  12. R. E. Hetrick, Sens. Actuators 18, 131 (1989).
  13. T. Tschan and N. de Rooij, Sens. Actuators A 32, 375 (1992).
  14. H.-J. Butt, P. Siedle, K. Seifert, K. Fendler, T. Seeger, E. Bamberg, A. L. Weisenhorn, K. Goldie, and A. Engel, J. Microsc. 169, 75 (1993).
  15. B. Abedian and M. Cundari, Proc. SPIE 1916, 454 (1993).
  16. G. Y. Chen, R. J. Warmack, T. Thundat, and D. P. Allison, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 2532 (1994).
  17. J. E. Sader, I. Larson, P. Mulvaney, and L. R. White, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 3789 (1995).
  18. D. A. Walters, J. P. Cleveland, N. H. Thomson, P. K. Hansma, M. A. Wendman, G. Gurley, and V. Elings, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 3583 (1996).
  19. T. E. Schaffer, J. P. Cleveland, F. Ohnesorge, D. A. Walters, and P. K. Hansma, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 3622 (1996).
  20. H. Muramatsu, N. Chiba, K. Homma, K. Nakajima, T. Ataka, S. Ohta, A. Kusumi, and M. Fujihira, Thin Solid Films 273, 335 (1996).
  21. A. Roters and D. Johannsmann, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 7561 (1996).
  22. M. K. Kwak, Trans. ASME, J. Appl. Mech.63, 110 (1996).
  23. T. E. Schaffer, M. Viani, D. A. Walters, B. Drake, E. K. Runge, J. P. Cleveland, M. A. Wendman, and P. K. Hansma, Proc. SPIE 3009, 48 (1997).
  24. F.-J. Elmer and M. Dreier, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 7709 (1997).
  25. M. Tortonese and M. Kirk, Proc. SPIE 3009, 53 (1997).
  26. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Theory of Elasticity (Pergamon, Oxford, 1970).
  27. This is directly applicable to cantilever beams of small dimensions, such as those encountered in the atomic force microscope.
  28. T. R. Albrecht, S. Akamine, T. E. Carver, and C. F. Quate, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8, 3386 (1990).
  29. K. E. Petersen and C. R. Guarnieri, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6761 (1979).
  30. H.-J. Butt and M. Jaschke, Nanotechnology 6, 1 (1995).
  31. M. V. Salapaka, H. S. Bergh, J. Lai, A. Majumdar, and E. McFarland, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2480 (1997).
  32. J. L. Hutter and J. Bechhoefer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1868 (1993).
  33. J. W. M. Chon, P. Mulvaney, and J. E. Sader (in preparation).
  34. This condition can be satisfied even for beams with salient edges, since in practice the radius of curvature of such edges is never zero.
  35. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975).
  36. G. K. Batchelor, Fluid Dynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1974).
  37. The convention adopted for the Reynolds number is in line with Ref. 36. We point out that the Reynolds number is often associated with the nonlinear convective inertial term of the Navier Stokes equation. This latter convention has not been adopted here.
  38. P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953).
  39. L. Rosenhead, Laminar Boundary Layers (Clarendon, Oxford, 1963).
  40. For consistency with Eq. (6), the oscillations have a time dependence given by exp(–i omega t), corresponding to a forward traveling wave.
  41. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Dover, New York, 1972).
  42. R. P. Kanwal, Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 35, 17 (1955).
  43. E. O. Tuck, J. Eng. Math. 3, 29 (1969).

CITING ARTICLES

For access to citing articles, you need to log in.
For access to citing articles, you need to Log in.