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Size-selected agglomerates of SnO2 nanoparticles as gas sensors

J. Appl. Phys. 106, 084316 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3212995

Published 26 October 2009

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Helmi Keskinen,1,2 Antonio Tricoli,1 Marko Marjamäki,2 Jyrki M. Mäkelä,2 and Sotiris E. Pratsinis1
1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
2Institute of Physics, Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
The effect of nanoparticle structure on gas sensing performance is investigated. Size-selected nanostructured SnO2 agglomerate particles for gas sensors were made by scalable flame spray pyrolysis. These particles were polydisperse (up to 12  µm in diameter) and consisted of primary particles of 10  nm in grain and crystal size as measured by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Berner low pressure impactor (BLPI). The effect of agglomerate size on thermal stability and sensing of ethanol vapor (4–100  ppm) and CO (4–50  ppm) was investigated by selecting nearly monodisperse fractions of these agglomerates by the BLPI. Sensor layers made with these size-fractionated agglomerates exhibited higher thermal stability and dramatically enhanced sensitivity for both analytes than layers made with polydisperse agglomerates. This is attributed to their aggregate (or hard agglomerate) structure exhibiting small sinter necks between their constituent primary particles of tin dioxide that had also a narrow size distribution as expected for particles generated in flames. Upon further sintering of these optimally sized, nanostructured agglomerates, grain and neck growth degraded their superior sensitivity, supporting the proposed mechanism of their enhanced sensitivity: optimal primary particle necking. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 11 December 2008; accepted 4 August 2009; published 26 October 2009
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/106/084316/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 07.07.Df
    Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
  • 64.70.Nd
    Structural transitions in nanoscale materials
  • 82.30.Lp
    Decomposition chemical reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)
  • 83.80.Hj
    Suspensions, dispersions, pastes, slurries, colloids (rheology)
  • 81.40.Lm
    Deformation, plasticity, and creep
  • 62.20.fq
    Plasticity and superplasticity of solids
  • YEAR: 2009

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PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0021-8979 (print)   1089-7550 (online)
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REFERENCES (34)
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