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A quantitative study of the scaling properties of the Hartree–Fock method

J. Chem. Phys. 102, 8448 (1995); doi:10.1063/1.468836

Issue Date: 1 June 1995

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Douglas L. Strout and Gustavo E. Scuseria
Department of Chemistry and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892
Although it is usually stated that the Hartree–Fock method formally scales as N4, where N is the number of basis functions employed in the calculation, it is also well known that mathematical bounds computed with the Schwarz inequality can be used to screen and eliminate four-center two-electron integrals smaller than a certain threshold. In this work, quantitative data is presented to illustrate the effects of this integral screening on the scaling properties of the Hartree–Fock (HF) method. Calculations are performed on a range of carbon–hydrogen model systems, two-dimensional graphitic sheets, and three-dimensional diamond pieces, to determine the effective scaling exponent alpha of the computational expense. The data obtained in this paper for calculations including over 250 carbon atoms and 1500 basis functions shows two significant trends: (1) in the asymptotic limit of large molecules, alpha is found to be approximately 2.2–2.3, and (2) for molecules of modest size, alpha is still very much less than 4. Therefore, integral screening is quantitatively shown to substantially reduce the Hartree–Fock scaling from its formal value of N4. ©1995 American Institute of Physics.
History: Received 20 December 1994; accepted 28 February 1995
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JCPSA6/102/8448/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 31.15.Ne
    Electronic structure of atoms, molecules and their ions: theory Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (excluding electron correlation calculations) Self-consistent-field methods
  • YEAR: 1995

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0021-9606 (print)   1089-7690 (online)
Publisher:
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REFERENCES (12)

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  1. For a discussion of the scaling properties of several correlated methods, see, for example, G. E. Scuseria and T. J. Lee, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 5851 (1990).
  2. R. Ahlrichs, Theor. Chim. Acta (Berlin) 33, 157 (1974).
  3. R. Ahlrichs, results presented at the conference “Electronic Structure Methods for Truly Large Systems,” August 1–7, 1994, Braunlage, Germany.
  4. M. Häser and R. Ahlrichs, J. Comput. Chem. 10, 104 (1989).
  5. GAUSSIAN 92, Revision C, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, M. Head-Gordon, P. M. W. Gill, M. W. Wong, J. B. Foresman, B. G. Johnson, H. B. Schlegel, M. A. Robb, E. S. Replogle, R. Gomperts, J. L. Andres, K. Raghava-chari,J. S. Binkley, C. Gonzales, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, D. J. Defrees, J. Baker, J. J. P. Streart, and J. A. Pople (Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh, 1992).
  6. R. Ahlrichs, M. Bär, M. Häser, H. Horn, and C. Kölmel, Chem. Phys. Lett. 162, 165 (1989).
  7. J. Almlöf, K. Faegri, Jr., and K. Korsell, J. Comput. Chem. 3, 385 (1982).
  8. W. J. Hehre, L. Radom, P. v. R. Schleyer, and J. A. Pople, Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory (Wiley, New York, 1986).
  9. F. B. van Duijneveldt, IBM Research Report RJ945 (1971).
  10. S. Huzinaga, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 1293 (1965).
  11. In TURBOMOLE, two parameters are used to control the direct SCF procedure, THIZE and THIME. In this work, calculations have been performed with THIZE = 0.1 and THIME = 5. (See Ref 4 for details.)
  12. B. I. Dunlap, J. W. D. Connolly, and J. R. Sabin, J. Chem. Phys. 71, 3396 (1979).

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