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A new mechanism for electron spin echo envelope modulation

J. Chem. Phys. 122, 174504 (2005); doi:10.1063/1.1888585

Published 2 May 2005

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John J. L. Morton
Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom

Alexei M. Tyryshkin
Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

Arzhang Ardavan
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

Kyriakos Porfyrakis
Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom

S. A. Lyon
Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

G. Andrew D. Briggs
Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) has been observed for the first time from a coupled heterospin pair of electron and nucleus in liquid solution. Previously, modulation effects in spin-echo experiments have only been described in liquid solutions for a coupled pair of homonuclear spins in nuclear magnetic resonance or a pair of resonant electron spins in electron paramagnetic resonance. We observe low-frequency ESEEM (26 and 52  kHz) due to a new mechanism present for any electron spin with S>1/2 that is hyperfine coupled to a nuclear spin. In our case these are electron spin (S=3/2) and nuclear spin (I=1) in the endohedral fullerene N@C60. The modulation is shown to arise from second-order effects in the isotropic hyperfine coupling of an electron and 14N nucleus. ©2005 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 21 January 2005; accepted 18 February 2005; published 2 May 2005
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JCPSA6/122/174504/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 76.30.-v
    Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation (condensed matter)
  • 61.48.+c
    Structure of fullerenes and fullerene-related materials
  • YEAR: 2005

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PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0021-9606 (print)   1089-7690 (online)
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REFERENCES (18)
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  12. These flip-flop transitions are allowed only to third order—the transition probability is proportional to a2/omega<sub>e</sub><sup>3</sup>, and thus is negligibly small at a=15.8  MHz for N@C60.
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  16. The N@C60 molecule has been proposed as an electron spin-based qubit in several quantum information processing schemes.17,18 At the very least, the slow evolution within the sublevels of the S=3/2 system, which is responsible for the observed ESEEM must be taken into account when designing pulse sequences to perform a quantum algorithm. However, it could also be exploited to provide a separate family of gates for performing operations between sublevels, increasing the potential of N@C60 as a single quantum bit.
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