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Comment on: The Itzykson–Zuber integral for U(m|n) [J. Math. Phys. 36, 3085–3093 (1995)]

Abstract space–times and their Lorentz groups

J. Math. Phys. 37, 3073 (1996); doi:10.1063/1.531555

Issue Date: June 1996

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Jonathan D. H. Smith
Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011

Abraham A. Ungar
Department of Mathematics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
It has recently been discovered [A. A. Ungar, Am. J. Phys. 59, 824 (1991); 60, 815 (1992)] that the set R<sup>3</sup><sub>c</sub>={v[is-an-element-of]R3 : ||v||<c} of all relativistically admissible velocities in Euclidean three-space R3, with a binary operation [direct-sum] given by relativistic velocity addition, forms a gyrogroup (R<sup>3</sup><sub>c</sub>,[direct-sum]). The gyrogroup (R<sup>3</sup><sub>c</sub>,[direct-sum]) reduces to the group (R3,+) in the limit c-->[infinity], + being the prerelativistic velocity addition (that is, the ordinary vector addition in the Euclidean three-space R3). The binary operation [direct-sum] in R<sup>3</sup><sub>c</sub> is gyroassociative and gyrocommutative, as opposed to the binary operation + in R3 which is associative and commutative. In this article we extend the study of gyrogroups into that of Lorentz groups. In particular, we find that a gyrogroup must be equipped with a cocycle form in order to be extendible into a Lorentz group. We thus study gyrogroups that are equipped with a cocycle form, and their resulting Lorentz groups. Interestingly, the cocycle form needed for the extension of gyrogroups into Lorentz groups involves a cocycle identity which is known to be useful in various branches of mathematics [B. R. Ebanks and C. T. Ng, Aequat. Math. 46, 76 (1993)]. ©1996 American Institute of Physics.
History: Received 26 September 1994; accepted 20 February 1996
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JMAPAQ/37/3073/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 03.30.+p
    Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields Special relativity
  • 02.20.-a
    Mathematical methods in physics Group theory
  • YEAR: 1996

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0022-2488 (print)   1089-7658 (online)
Publisher:
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REFERENCES (18)

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  1. A. A. Ungar, "Thomas precession and its associated grouplike structure," Am. J. Phys. 59, 824–834 (1991).
  2. A. A. Ungar, "The abstract Lorentz transformation group," Am. J. Phys. 60, 815–828 (1992).
  3. H. Wefelscheid, On K-loops, J. Geom. 44, 22–23 (1992);
  4. 53, 26 (1995).
  5. H. Karzel, Inzidenzgruppen I, Lecture notes by I. Pieper and K. Sörensen (University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 1965) pp. 123–135;
  6. and H. Karzel, "Zusammenhänge zwischen Fastbereichen, scharf 2-fach transitiven Permutationsgruppen und 2-Strukturen mit Rechtecksaxiom," Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 32, 191–206 (1968).
  7. R. F. Streater and A. S. Wightman, PCT, Spin and Statistics, and all that (Benjamin, New York, 1964);
  8. and G. Kaiser, Quantum Physics, Relativity and Complex Spacetime: Towards a New Synthesis, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, Vol. 163 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, 1990).
  9. H. Wähling, Theorie der Fastkörper (Thales Verlag, W. Germany, 1987).
  10. A. A. Ungar, "The abstract complex Lorentz transformation group with real metric I: Special relativity formalism to deal with the holomorphic automorphism group of the unit ball in any complex Hilbert space," J. Math. Phys. 35, 1408–1425 (1994);
  11. "Erratum: `The abstract complex Lorentz transformation group with real metric I: Special relativity formalism to deal with the holomorphic automorphism group of the unit ball in any complex Hilbert space,' " J. Math. Phys. 35, 3770 (1994).
  12. A. A. Ungar, "The abstract complex Lorentz transformation group with real metric II: The invariance group of the form |t|2–||x||2," J. Math. Phys. 35, 1881–1913 (1994).
  13. For a recent article about the cocycle equation and its relevance, see B. R. Ebanks and C. T. Ng, "On generalized cocycle equations," Aequat. Math. 46, 76–90 (1993).
  14. A. A. Ungar, "The expanding Minkowski space," Results Math. 17, 342–354 (1990).
  15. A. A. Ungar, "Extension of the unit disk gyrogroup into the unit ball of any real inner product space," J. Math. Anal. Appl. (in press).
  16. This article is based on the use of a gyrogroup introduced in A. A. Ungar, "The holomorphic automorphism group of the complex disk," Aequat. Math. 47, 240–254 (1994).
  17. Y. You and A. A. Ungar, "Equivalence of two gyrogroup structures on unit balls," Results Math. 28, 359–371 (1995).
  18. A. A. Ungar, "Midpoints in gyrogroups" (preprint).
  19. H. Urbantke, "Comment on `The expanding Minkowski space' by A. A. Ungar," Results Math. 19, 189–191 (1991).
  20. A. A. Ungar, "Weakly associative groups," Results Math. 17, 149–168 (1990).
  21. O. Chein, H. O. Pflugfelder, and J. D. H. Smith (eds.), Quasigroups and Loops Theory and Applications, Sigma Series in Pure Mathematics (Heldermann-Verlag, Berlin, 1990), Vol. 8.
  22. M. Kikkawa, "On some quasigroups of algebraic models of symmetric spaces, II," Mem. Fac. Lit. Sci. Shimane Univ. Nat. Sci. 7, 29–35 (1974);
  23. A. Kreuzer, "Beispiele endlicher und unendlicher K-loops," Results Math. 23, 355–362 (1993);
    B. Scirnemi, "Cappi di Bruck e loro generalizzazioni," Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 60, 141–149 (1978).
  24. See, e.g., G. Karpilovsky, The Schur Multiplier (Clarendon, Oxford, 1987).

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