Journal of Mathematical Physics
Search:
   
 
 
 
Next Article
Real trajectories in the semiclassical coherent state propagator
The semiclassical approximation to the coherent state propagator requires complex classical trajectories in order to satisfy the associated boundary conditions, but finding these trajectories in pract...

Inequalities for experimental tests of the Kochen-Specker theorem

J. Math. Phys. 46, 102101 (2005); doi:10.1063/1.2081115

Published 12 October 2005

You are not logged in to this journal. Log in

Koji Nagata
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikita, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
We derive inequalities for n-partite states under the assumption that the hidden-variable theoretical joint probability distribution for any pair of commuting observables is equal to the quantum mechanical one. Fine showed that this assumption is connected to the no-hidden-variables theorem of Kochen and Specker (KS theorem). These inequalities give a way to experimentally test the KS theorem. The fidelity to the Bell states which is larger than 1/2 is sufficient for the experimental confirmation of the KS theorem. Hence, the Werner state is enough to test experimentally the KS theorem. Furthermore, it is possible to test the KS theorem experimentally using uncorrelated states. An n-partite uncorrelated state violates the n-partite inequality derived here by an amount that grows exponentially with n. ©2005 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 16 September 2004; accepted 26 August 2005; published 12 October 2005
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JMAPAQ/46/102101/1
BUY THIS ARTICLE   (US$24)
Download PDF (174 kB) View Cart

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 03.65.Ud
    Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)
  • 02.50.Cw
    Probability theory
  • YEAR: 2005

RELATED DATABASES


To view database links for this article,
you need to log in.
To view database links for this article,
you need to log in.

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0022-2488 (print)   1089-7658 (online)
Publisher:
AIP is a member of CrossRef AIP

REFERENCES (21)

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in. For access to fully linked references, you need to Log in.
  1. A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935).
  2. M. Redhead, Incompleteness, Nonlocality, and Realism, 2nd ed. (Clarendon, Oxford, 1989).
  3. A. Peres, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993).
  4. J. S. Bell, Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1, 195 (1964).
  5. S. Kochen and E. P. Specker, J. Math. Mech. 17, 59 (1967).
  6. A. Fine, J. Math. Phys. 23, 1306 (1982).
  7. A. Fine, Synthese 29, 257 (1974).
  8. D.M. Greenberger, M.A. Horne, and A. Zeilinger, in Bell's Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe, edited by M. Kafatos (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1989), pp. 69–72;
  9. D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 58, 1131 (1990).
  10. C. Pagonis, M. L. G. Redhead, and R. K. Clifton, Phys. Lett. A 155, 441 (1991).
  11. N. D. Mermin, Phys. Today 43, 9 (1990);
  12. Am. J. Phys. 58, 731 (1990).
  13. A. Peres, Phys. Lett. A 151, 107 (1990).
  14. N. D. Mermin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3373 (1990).
  15. N. D. Mermin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1838 (1990).
  16. S. M. Roy and V. Singh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2761 (1991);
  17. M. Ardehali, Phys. Rev. A 46, 5375 (1992);
    A. V. Belinskii and D. N. Klyshko, Phys. Usp. 36, 653 (1993);
    R. F. Werner and M. M. Wolf, Phys. Rev. A 61, 062102 (2000).
  18. M. [Z-dot]ukowski, Phys. Lett. A 177, 290 (1993);
  19. M. Zukowski and D. Kaszlikowski, Phys. Rev. A 56, R1682 (1997);
    M. Zukowski and C. Brukner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 210401 (2002);
    R. F. Werner and M. M. Wolf, Phys. Rev. A 64, 032112 (2001);
    R. F. Werner and M. M. Wolf, Quantum Inf. Comput. 1, 1 (2001).
  20. See, for example, A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 190401 (2003).
  21. C. Simon, C. Brukner, and A. Zeilinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4427 (2001);
  22. J.-Å. Larsson, Europhys. Lett. 58, 799 (2002);
    A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. A 65, 052101 (2002).
  23. For a recent experimental report of tests for all versus nothing type KS theorem, see Y.-F. Huang, C.-F. Li, Y.-S. Zhang, J.-W. Pan, and G.-C. Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 250401 (2003).
  24. R. F. Werner, Phys. Rev. A 40, 4277 (1989).
  25. K. Nagata, M. Koashi, and N. Imoto, Phys. Rev. A 65, 042314 (2002).
  26. We know that every proposition is true if the presupposition is false [see Eq. (3.6)]. Therefore, one might think that theorem (4.2) and theorem (5.16) are trivial. However, this is not the matter of our argument. We have used a quantum mechanical rule sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>1</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>2</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>1</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>2</sup>sigma<sub>z</sub><sup>1</sup>sigma<sub>z</sub><sup>2</sup>=–I in the proof of the theorem (3.6). But, we have not used the quantum mechanical rule in the proof of the theorem (4.2). Likewise, a quantum mechanical rule sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>z</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>z</sub><sup>j</sup>=I, (i,j[is-an-element-of]Nn,i[not-equal]j) is needless to prove the theorem (5.16), while we have used the quantum mechanical rule in the proof of the theorem (3.6). Obviously, sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>k</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>k</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>y</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>k</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>i</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>j</sup>sigma<sub>x</sub><sup>k</sup>=–I, (i,j,k[is-an-element-of]Nn,i[not-equal]j[not-equal]k[not-equal]i) is needless to prove the theorem (5.16). Of course, Gleason's theorem is needless. Therefore, we can derive these inequalities (4.2 d5.16) from more precise and weaker presupposition which should not be necessarily false.

CITING ARTICLES

For access to citing articles, you need to log in.
For access to citing articles, you need to Log in.