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Particle topology, braids, and braided belts

J. Math. Phys. 50, 113505 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3237148

Published 5 November 2009

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Sundance Bilson-Thompson,1 Jonathan Hackett,1,2 and Louis H. Kauffman3
1Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street, North Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
2Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2J 2W9, Canada
3Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, (m/c 249) 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7045, USA

Recent work [S. O. Bilson-Thompson, e-print arXiv:hep-th/0503213; Bilson-Thompson et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 24, 3975 (2007)] suggests that topological features of certain quantum gravity theories can be interpreted as particles, matching the known fermions and bosons of the first generation in the standard model. This is achieved by identifying topological structures with elements of the framed Artin braid group on three strands and demonstrating a correspondence between the invariants used to characterize these braids (a braid is a set of nonintersecting curves, that connect one set of N points with another set of N points) and quantities such as electric charge, color charge, and so on [S. O. Bilson-Thompson, e-print arXiv:hep-th/0503213; Bilson-Thompson et al., e-print aXiv:0804.0037]. In this paper we show how to manipulate a modified form of framed braids to yield an invariant standard form for sets of isomorphic braids, characterized by a vector of real numbers. This will serve as a basis for more complete discussions of quantum numbers in future work. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 11 June 2009; accepted 31 August 2009; published 5 November 2009
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?JMAPAQ/50/113505/1
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0022-2488 (print)   1089-7658 (online)
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REFERENCES (9)

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  1. S. O. Bilson-Thompson, e-print arXiv:hep-th/0503213.
  2. S. O. Bilson-Thompson, F. Markopoulou, and L. Smolin, Class. Quantum Grav. 24, 3975 (2007).
  3. S. Bilson-Thompson, J. Hackett, L. H. Kauffman, and L. Smolin, e-print arXiv:0804.0037.
  4. V. V. Prasolov and A. B. Sossinsky, Knots, Links, Braids and 3-Manifolds, Translations of Mathematical Monographs Vol. 154 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, 1997).
  5. M. F. Atiyah, The Geometry and Physics of Knots (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990).
  6. J. S. Birman, “Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups,” Annals of Mathematical Studies, No. 82 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1974).
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  10. Knots and Physics, 3rd ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 2002).
  11. E. Witten, Commun. Math. Phys. 121, 351 (1989).

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