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Study of small-amplitude magnetohydrodynamic surface waves on liquid metal

Phys. Plasmas 12, 012102 (2005); doi:10.1063/1.1822933

Published 23 November 2004

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Hantao Ji, William Fox, and David Pace
Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543

H. L. Rappaport
Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) surface waves on liquid metal are studied theoretically and experimentally in the small magnetic Reynolds number limit. A linear dispersion relation is derived when a horizontal magnetic field and a horizontal electric current is imposed. Waves always damp in the deep liquid limit with a magnetic field parallel to the propagation direction. When the magnetic field is weak, waves are weakly damped and the real part of the dispersion is unaffected, while in the opposite limit waves are strongly damped with shortened wavelengths. In a table-top experiment, planar MHD surface waves on liquid gallium are studied in detail in the regime of weak magnetic field and deep liquid. A noninvasive diagnostic accurately measures surface waves at multiple locations by reflecting an array of lasers off the surface onto a screen, which is recorded by an intensified-CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. The measured dispersion relation is consistent with the linear theory with a reduced surface tension likely due to surface oxidation. In excellent agreement with linear theory, it is observed that surface waves are damped only when a horizontal magnetic field is imposed parallel to the propagation direction. No damping is observed under a perpendicular magnetic field. The existence of strong wave damping even without magnetic field suggests the importance of the surface oxide layer. Implications to the liquid metal wall concept in fusion reactors, especially on the wave damping and a Rayleigh–Taylor instability when the Lorentz force is used to support liquid metal layer against gravity, are discussed. ©2005 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 11 May 2004; accepted 28 September 2004; published 23 November 2004
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/012102/1
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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 47.35.+i
    Hydrodynamic waves
  • 52.40.Hf
    Plasma–material interactions; boundary layer effects
  • 52.35.Py
    Plasma macroinstabilities (hydromagnetic) e.g., kink, fire-hose, mirror, ballooning, tearing, trapped-particle, flute, Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, etc
  • 52.30.Cv
    Plasma magnetohydrodynamics including electron magnetohydrodynamics
  • 52.70.Kz
    Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) plasma diagnostic measurements
  • 52.35.Bj
    Plasma magnetohydrodynamic waves e.g. Alfven waves
  • 47.65.+a
    Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
  • YEAR: 2005

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PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
1070-664X (print)   1089-7674 (online)
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