Density-functional theory of strongly correlated Fermi gases in elongated harmonic traps

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Gao Xianlong,¹ Marco Polini,¹ Reza Asgari,^2,1 and M. P. Tosi¹
¹NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
²Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Tehran 19395-5531, Iran

Received 7 November 2005; revised 9 January 2006; published 15 March 2006

Two-componentFermi gases with tunable repulsive or attractive interactions inside quasi-one-dimensional(Q1D) harmonic wells may soon become the cleanest laboratory realizationsof strongly correlated Luttiger and Luther-Emery liquids under confinement. Wepresent a microscopic Kohn-Sham density-functional theory of these systems, withspecific attention to a gas on the approach to aconfinement-induced Feshbach resonance. The theory employs the one-dimensional Gaudin-Yang modelas the reference system and transfers the appropriate Q1D ground-statecorrelations to the confined inhomogeneous gas via a suitable local-densityapproximation to the exchange and correlation energy functional. Quantitative understandingof the role of the interactions in the bulk shellstructure of the axial density profile is thereby achieved. Whilerepulsive intercomponent interactions depress the amplitude of the shell structureof the noninteracting gas, attractive interactions stabilize atomic-density waves throughspin pairing. These should be clearly observable in atomic cloudscontaining of the order of up to 100 atoms.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.033609
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.73.033609
PACS:	03.75.Ss; 71.15.Mb; 71.10.Pm 03.75.Ss Degenerate Fermi gases 71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections (condensed matter electronic structure) 71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (condensed matter) including anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	fermion systems, density functional theory, radiation pressure, Luttinger liquid, resonant states, ground states

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