Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light in the geophysical field range

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V. Acosta, M. P. Ledbetter, S. M. Rochester, and D. Budker
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA

D. F. Jackson Kimball
Department of Physics, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA

D. C. Hovde
Southwest Sciences Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45244, USA

W. Gawlik, S. Pustelny, and J. Zachorowski
Centrum Bada Magnetooptycznych, Instytut Fizyki im. M. Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloski, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

V. V. Yashchuk
Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Received 15 February 2006; published 17 May 2006

Recentwork investigating resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) related to long-lived( tau _rel~1s) ground-state atomic coherences has demonstrated potential magnetometric sensitivities exceeding10^–11 G/ sqrt(Hz) for small (1 µG) magnetic fields. In the present work,NMOR using frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is studied in theregime where the longitudinal magnetic field is in the geophysicalrange(~500mG), of particular interest for many applications. In this regimea splitting of the FM NMOR resonance due to thenonlinear Zeeman effect is observed. At sufficiently high light intensities,there is also a splitting of the FM NMOR resonancesdue to ac Stark shifts induced by the optical field,as well as evidence of alignment-to-orientation conversion type processes. Theconsequences of these effects for FM-NMOR-based atomic magnetometry in thegeophysical field range are considered.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.053404
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.73.053404
PACS:	32.80.Bx; 07.55.Ge; 42.65.-k 32.80.Bx Atomic level crossing and optical pumping 07.55.Ge Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	Zeeman effect, Stark effect, ground states

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