Self-localized impurities embedded in a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and their quantum fluctuations

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Krzysztof Sacha^1,2 and Eddy Timmermans¹
¹T-4, Theory Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
²Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Received 17 March 2006; published 5 June 2006

Weconsider the self-localization of neutral impurity atoms in a Bose-Einsteincondensate in a one-dimensional model. Within the strong coupling approach,we show that the self-localized state exhibits parametric soliton behavior.The corresponding stationary states are analogous to the solitons ofnonlinear optics and to the solitonic solutions of the Schrödinger-Newtonequation (which appears in models that consider the connection betweenquantum mechanics and gravitation). In addition, we present a Bogoliubov-deGennes formalism to describe the quantum fluctuations around the productstate of the strong coupling description. Our fluctuation calculations yieldthe excitation spectrum and reveal considerable corrections to the strongcoupling description. The knowledge of the spectrum allows a spectroscopicdetection of the impurity self-localization phenomenon.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.063604
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.73.063604
PACS:	03.75.Kk; 03.75.Hh; 67.40.Yv 03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow 03.75.Hh Static properties of Bose-Einstein condensates; thermodynamical, statistical, and structural properties 67.40.Yv Impurities and other defects (liquid ⁴He) YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	Bose-Einstein condensation, fluctuations, impurities, solitons, Schrodinger equation, nonlinear optics

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