Hysteresis effects in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

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B. Jackson^1,2 and C. F. Barenghi²
¹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and CNR-INFM R&D Center on Bose-Einstein Condensation, I-38050 Povo, Italy
²School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom

Received 14 February 2006; published 25 October 2006

Westudy the formation of vortices in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensateconfined in a rotating anisotropic trap. We find that thenumber of vortices and angular momentum attained by the condensatedepend upon the rotation history of the trap and onthe number of vortices present in the condensate initially. Asimplified model based on hydrodynamic equations is developed, and usedto explain this effect in terms of a shift inthe resonance frequency of the quadrupole mode of the condensatein the presence of a vortex lattice. Differences between thespin-up and spin-down response of the condensate are found, demonstratinghysteresis phenomena in this system.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043618
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043618
PACS:	03.75.Lm; 03.75.Kk; 67.40.Vs 03.75.Lm Josephson effect, tunneling, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations 03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow 67.40.Vs Vortices and turbulence (liquid ⁴He) YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	Bose-Einstein condensation, vortices

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