Landau damping: Instability mechanism of superfluid Bose gases moving in optical lattices

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Kiyohito Iigaya,¹ Satoru Konabe,² Ippei Danshita,^1,3 and Tetsuro Nikuni²
¹Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
³Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8410, USA

Received 15 June 2006; published 13 November 2006

Weinvestigate Landau damping of Bogoliubov excitations in a dilute Bosegas moving in an optical lattice at finite temperatures. Usinga one-dimensional tight-binding model, we explicitly obtain the Landau dampingrate, the sign of which determines the stability of thecondensate. We find that the sign changes at a certaincondensate velocity, which is exactly the same as the criticalvelocity determined by the Landau criterion of superfluidity. This coincidenceof the critical velocities reveals the microscopic mechanism of theLandau instability. This instability mechanism shows that a thermal cloudplays a crucial role in the breakdown of superfluids, sincethe thermal cloud is a vital source of Landau damping.We also examine the possibility of simultaneous disappearance of alldamping processes.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053611
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.74.053611
PACS:	03.75.Kk; 03.75.Lm 03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow 03.75.Lm Josephson effect, tunneling, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity

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