Quantized vortex states of strongly interacting bosons in a rotating optical lattice

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Rajiv Bhat,¹ B. M. Peden,¹ B. T. Seaman,¹ M. Krämer,¹ L. D. Carr,² and M. J. Holland¹
¹JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
²Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA

Received 28 July 2006; published 6 December 2006

Bosegases in rotating optical lattices combine two important topics inquantum physics: superfluid rotation and strong correlations. In this paper,we examine square two-dimensional systems at zero temperature comprised ofstrongly repulsive bosons with filling factors of up to oneatom per lattice site. The entry of vortices into thesystem is characterized by jumps of 2 in the phasewinding of the condensate wave function. A lattice of sizeL×L can have at most L−1 quantized vortices in thelowest Bloch band. In contrast to homogeneous systems, angular momentumis not a good quantum number since the continuous rotationalsymmetry is broken by the lattice. Instead, a quasiangular momentumcaptures the discrete rotational symmetry of the system. Energy levelcrossings indicative of quantum phase transitions are observed when thequasiangular momentum of the ground state changes.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.063606
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevA.74.063606
PACS:	03.75.Lm; 73.43.Nq; 05.30.Jp; 47.32.-y 03.75.Lm Josephson effect, tunneling, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations 73.43.Nq Quantum phase transitions (quantum Hall effect) 05.30.Jp Boson systems (quantum statistical mechanics) 47.32.-y Rotational flow and vorticity YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	boson systems, quantum optics, energy level crossing, superfluidity, wave functions, ground states, optical vortices

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