Dichroic f-sum rule and the orbital magnetization of crystals

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Ivo Souza¹ and David Vanderbilt²
¹Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
²Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, USA

Received 14 September 2007; revised 2 January 2008; published 28 February 2008

Weconsider the magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of a crystal withbroken time-reversal symmetry in the electric-dipole approximation. Using the Kubo-Greenwoodformula for the absorptive part of the antisymmetric optical conductivity,its frequency integral is recast as a ground-state property. Weshow that in insulators this quantity is proportional to thecirculation of the occupied Wannier orbitals around their centers (moreprecisely, to the gauge-invariant part thereof). This differs from thenet circulation, or ground-state orbital magnetization, which has two additionalcontributions: (i) the remaining Wannier self-rotation, and (ii) the “itinerant”circulation arising from the center-of-mass motion of the Wannier orbitals,both on the surface and in the interior of thesample. Contributions (i) and (ii) are not separately meaningful, sincetheir individual values depend on the particular choice of Wannierfunctions. Their sum is, however, gauge invariant, and can beinferred from a combination of two experiments: a measurement ofthe magneto-optical spectrum over a sufficiently wide range to evaluatethe sum rule, and a gyromagnetic determination of the totalorbital magnetization.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.054438
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevB.77.054438
PACS:	75.10.Lp; 78.20.Ls; 73.43.-f 75.10.Lp Band and itinerant models (magnetism) 78.20.Ls Magnetooptical effects (bulk materials/thin films) 73.43.-f Quantum Hall effects YEAR: 2008
KEYWORDS:	ground states, gyromagnetic effect, magnetic circular dichroism, magnetisation, optical conductivity, sum rules

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