STM fluorescence of porphyrin enhanced by a strong plasmonic field and its nanoscale confinement in an STM cavity

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H. W. Liu,^1,2 R. Nishitani,³ T. Z. Han,¹ Y. Ie,¹ Y. Aso,¹ and H. Iwasaki¹
¹The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
²WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
³Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Aided Science Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan

Received 22 August 2008; revised 23 January 2009; published 13 March 2009

Wehave investigated scanning tunneling microscope-induced luminescence (STML) from porphyrin moleculesby varying the tip (PtIr, Ag, and Au)/substrate (Pt, Ag,Au, and indium tin oxide) combinations. Strong molecular fluorescence byhighest-occupied molecular orbital and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital transition comparable toplasmon-mediated light is emitted only when both the substrate andthe tip are metals but not in other cases. Alongwith calculations of relative electromagnetic-field powers in the tip-substrate gaps,the enhancement of STML from molecules can be interpreted interms of the strong plasmon field and its confinement inan STM cavity. We also find rather strong energy-forbidden fluorescenceof porphyrin in an Au-tip/porphyrin/Au cavity that occurs under theextremely strong field in the plasmonic nanocavity.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125415
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125415
PACS:	73.20.Mf; 07.79.Cz; 32.50.+d 73.20.Mf Collective excitations (surface/interface states) 07.79.Cz Scanning tunneling microscopes 32.50.+d Atomic fluorescence, phosphorescence YEAR: 2009
KEYWORDS:	fluorescence, nanostructured materials, organic compounds, photoluminescence, plasmons, scanning tunnelling microscopy

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