Surface electronic structures of ferromagnetic Ni(111) studied by STM and angle-resolved photoemission

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Y. Nishimura,¹ M. Kakeya,¹ M. Higashiguchi,¹ A. Kimura,¹ M. Taniguchi,¹ H. Narita,² Y. Cui,³ M. Nakatake,³ K. Shimada,³ and H. Namatame³
¹Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima-shi 739-8526, Japan
²Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
³Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima-shi 739-0046, Japan

Received 4 December 2008; revised 8 April 2009; published 2 June 2009

Spin-polarizedsurface electronic states in Ni(111) have been examined using scanningtunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) combined with high-resolution angle-resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy (HR-ARPES). Standing waves derived from the majority-spin Shockleysurface state (SS) have been observed in the STM anddI/dV images. The fast Fourier transform (FFT)-dI/dV image at adifferent sample bias exhibited a circular contour in the reciprocalspace. The radius of the FFT-dI/dV image was in agreementwith that of the corresponding constant-energy contour given by theHR-ARPES. The majority-spin Shockley SS is partially occupied and dispersesupward, crossing the Fermi level (E_F) at a wave numberof k_F=0.081±0.005 Å⁻¹. The effective mass (m^*) with respect to thefree-electron mass (m_e) of the majority-spin Shockley SS was evaluatedto be m^*/m_e=0.19±0.03. The STS spectrum indicated a pair ofthe Shockley SS below and above E_F with an exchangesplitting of ~190 meV. By the line-shape analyses of the HR-ARPESspectrum, the lifetime broadening at the [overline Gamma ] point was calculatedto be 53.6 meV, which agrees well with the width(49 meV) of the steplike structure in the STS spectrum.The results from the STM/STS and HR-ARPES experiments were foundto be mutually consistent.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.245402
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevB.79.245402
PACS:	71.20.-b; 76.50.+g; 73.20.At 71.20.-b Electronic structure of crystalline solids 76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance 73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states YEAR: 2009
KEYWORDS:	Fermi level, ferromagnetic materials, Fourier transforms, nickel, photoelectron spectra, scanning tunnelling microscopy, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, surface states

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