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Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 090401 (2006) [4 pages]

Probing Number Squeezing of Ultracold Atoms across the Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition

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Fabrice Gerbier, Simon Fölling, Artur Widera, Olaf Mandel, and Immanuel Bloch
Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany

Received 28 October 2005; published 6 March 2006

Theevolution of on-site number fluctuations of ultracold atoms in opticallattices is experimentally investigated by monitoring the suppression of spin-changingcollisions across the superfluid-Mott insulator transition. For low atom numbers,corresponding to an average filling factor close to unity, largeon-site number fluctuations are necessary for spin-changing collisions to occur.The continuous suppression of spin-changing collisions is thus direct evidencefor the emergence of number-squeezed states. In the Mott insulatorregime, we find that spin-changing collisions are suppressed until athreshold atom number, consistent with the number where a Mottplateau with doubly occupied sites is expected to form.

©2006 The American Physical Society

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.090401
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.090401
PACS:	03.75.Hh 03.75.Hh Static properties of Bose-Einstein condensates; thermodynamical, statistical, and structural properties YEAR: 2006
KEYWORDS:	metal-insulator transition, superfluidity, spin dynamics, Bose-Einstein condensation

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