APS » Phys. Rev. Lett. » Volume 100 » Issue 23

S. Afanasiev,¹⁷ C. Aidala,⁷ N. N. Ajitanand,⁴³ Y. Akiba,^37,38 J. Alexander,⁴³ A. Al-Jamel,³³ K. Aoki,^23,37 L. Aphecetche,⁴⁵ R. Armendariz,³³ S. H. Aronson,³ R. Averbeck,⁴⁴ T. C. Awes,³⁴ B. Azmoun,³ V. Babintsev,¹⁴ A. Baldisseri,⁸ K. N. Barish,⁴ P. D. Barnes,²⁶ B. Bassalleck,³² S. Bathe,⁴ S. Batsouli,⁷ V. Baublis,³⁶ F. Bauer,⁴ A. Bazilevsky,³ S. Belikov,^3,16 R. Bennett,⁴⁴ Y. Berdnikov,⁴⁰ M. T. Bjorndal,⁷ J. G. Boissevain,²⁶ H. Borel,⁸ K. Boyle,⁴⁴ M. L. Brooks,²⁶ D. S. Brown,³³ D. Bucher,²⁹ H. Buesching,³ V. Bumazhnov,¹⁴ G. Bunce,^3,38 J. M. Burward-Hoy,²⁶ S. Butsyk,⁴⁴ S. Campbell,⁴⁴ J.-S. Chai,¹⁸ S. Chernichenko,¹⁴ J. Chiba,¹⁹ C. Y. Chi,⁷ M. Chiu,⁷ I. J. Choi,⁵² T. Chujo,⁴⁹ P. Chung,⁴³ V. Cianciolo,³⁴ C. R. Cleven,¹² Y. Cobigo,⁸ B. A. Cole,⁷ M. P. Comets,³⁵ P. Constantin,¹⁶ M. Csanád,¹⁰ T. Csörgő,²⁰ T. Dahms,⁴⁴ K. Das,¹¹ G. David,³ H. Delagrange,⁴⁵ A. Denisov,¹⁴ D. d'Enterria,⁷ A. Deshpande,^38,44 E. J. Desmond,³ O. Dietzsch,⁴¹ A. Dion,⁴⁴ J. L. Drachenberg,¹ O. Drapier,²⁴ A. Drees,⁴⁴ A. K. Dubey,⁵¹ A. Durum,¹⁴ V. Dzhordzhadze,⁴⁶ Y. V. Efremenko,³⁴ J. Egdemir,⁴⁴ A. Enokizono,¹³ H. En'yo,^37,38 B. Espagnon,³⁵ S. Esumi,⁴⁸ D. E. Fields,^32,38 F. Fleuret,²⁴ S. L. Fokin,²² B. Forestier,²⁷ Z. Fraenkel,⁵¹ J. E. Frantz,⁷ A. Franz,³ A. D. Frawley,¹¹ Y. Fukao,^23,37 S.-Y. Fung,⁴ S. Gadrat,²⁷ F. Gastineau,⁴⁵ M. Germain,⁴⁵ A. Glenn,⁴⁶ M. Gonin,²⁴ J. Gosset,⁸ Y. Goto,^37,38 R. Granier de Cassagnac,²⁴ N. Grau,¹⁶ S. V. Greene,⁴⁹ M. Grosse Perdekamp,^15,38 T. Gunji,⁵ H.-Å. Gustafsson,²⁸ T. Hachiya,^13,37 A. Hadj Henni,⁴⁵ J. S. Haggerty,³ M. N. Hagiwara,¹ H. Hamagaki,⁵ H. Harada,¹³ E. P. Hartouni,²⁵ K. Haruna,¹³ M. Harvey,³ E. Haslum,²⁸ K. Hasuko,³⁷ R. Hayano,⁵ M. Heffner,²⁵ T. K. Hemmick,⁴⁴ J. M. Heuser,³⁷ X. He,¹² H. Hiejima,¹⁵ J. C. Hill,¹⁶ R. Hobbs,³² M. Holmes,⁴⁹ W. Holzmann,⁴³ K. Homma,¹³ B. Hong,²¹ T. Horaguchi,^37,47 M. G. Hur,¹⁸ T. Ichihara,^37,38 K. Imai,^23,37 M. Inaba,⁴⁸ D. Isenhower,¹ L. Isenhower,¹ M. Ishihara,³⁷ T. Isobe,⁵ M. Issah,⁴³ A. Isupov,¹⁷ B. V. Jacak,⁴⁴ J. Jia,⁷ J. Jin,⁷ O. Jinnouchi,³⁸ B. M. Johnson,³ K. S. Joo,³⁰ D. Jouan,³⁵ F. Kajihara,^5,37 S. Kametani,^5,50 N. Kamihara,^37,47 M. Kaneta,³⁸ J. H. Kang,⁵² T. Kawagishi,⁴⁸ A. V. Kazantsev,²² S. Kelly,⁶ A. Khanzadeev,³⁶ D. J. Kim,⁵² E. Kim,⁴² Y.-S. Kim,¹⁸ E. Kinney,⁶ A. Kiss,¹⁰ E. Kistenev,³ A. Kiyomichi,³⁷ C. Klein-Boesing,²⁹ L. Kochenda,³⁶ V. Kochetkov,¹⁴ B. Komkov,³⁶ M. Konno,⁴⁸ D. Kotchetkov,⁴ A. Kozlov,⁵¹ P. J. Kroon,³ G. J. Kunde,²⁶ N. Kurihara,⁵ K. Kurita,^39,37 M. J. Kweon,²¹ Y. Kwon,⁵² G. S. Kyle,³³ R. Lacey,⁴³ J. G. Lajoie,¹⁶ A. Lebedev,¹⁶ Y. Le Bornec,³⁵ S. Leckey,⁴⁴ D. M. Lee,²⁶ M. K. Lee,⁵² M. J. Leitch,²⁶ M. A. L. Leite,⁴¹ H. Lim,⁴² A. Litvinenko,¹⁷ M. X. Liu,²⁶ X. H. Li,⁴ C. F. Maguire,⁴⁹ Y. I. Makdisi,³ A. Malakhov,¹⁷ M. D. Malik,³² V. I. Manko,²² H. Masui,⁴⁸ F. Matathias,⁴⁴ M. C. McCain,¹⁵ P. L. McGaughey,²⁶ Y. Miake,⁴⁸ T. E. Miller,⁴⁹ A. Milov,⁴⁴ S. Mioduszewski,³ G. C. Mishra,¹² J. T. Mitchell,³ D. P. Morrison,³ J. M. Moss,²⁶ T. V. Moukhanova,²² D. Mukhopadhyay,⁴⁹ J. Murata,^39,37 S. Nagamiya,¹⁹ Y. Nagata,⁴⁸ J. L. Nagle,⁶ M. Naglis,⁵¹ T. Nakamura,¹³ J. Newby,²⁵ M. Nguyen,⁴⁴ B. E. Norman,²⁶ A. S. Nyanin,²² J. Nystrand,²⁸ E. O'Brien,³ C. A. Ogilvie,¹⁶ H. Ohnishi,³⁷ I. D. Ojha,⁴⁹ H. Okada,^23,37 K. Okada,³⁸ O. O. Omiwade,¹ A. Oskarsson,²⁸ I. Otterlund,²⁸ K. Ozawa,⁵ D. Pal,⁴⁹ A. P. T. Palounek,²⁶ V. Pantuev,⁴⁴ V. Papavassiliou,³³ J. Park,⁴² W. J. Park,²¹ S. F. Pate,³³ H. Pei,¹⁶ J.-C. Peng,¹⁵ H. Pereira,⁸ V. Peresedov,¹⁷ D. Yu. Peressounko,²² C. Pinkenburg,³ R. P. Pisani,³ M. L. Purschke,³ A. K. Purwar,⁴⁴ H. Qu,¹² J. Rak,¹⁶ I. Ravinovich,⁵¹ K. F. Read,^34,46 M. Reuter,⁴⁴ K. Reygers,²⁹ V. Riabov,³⁶ Y. Riabov,³⁶ G. Roche,²⁷ A. Romana,²⁴ M. Rosati,¹⁶ S. S. E. Rosendahl,²⁸ P. Rosnet,²⁷ P. Rukoyatkin,¹⁷ V. L. Rykov,³⁷ S. S. Ryu,⁵² B. Sahlmueller,²⁹ N. Saito,^23,37,38 T. Sakaguchi,^5,50 S. Sakai,⁴⁸ V. Samsonov,³⁶ H. D. Sato,^23,37 S. Sato,^3,19,48 S. Sawada,¹⁹ V. Semenov,¹⁴ R. Seto,⁴ D. Sharma,⁵¹ T. K. Shea,³ I. Shein,¹⁴ T.-A. Shibata,^37,47 K. Shigaki,¹³ M. Shimomura,⁴⁸ T. Shohjoh,⁴⁸ K. Shoji,^23,37 A. Sickles,⁴⁴ C. L. Silva,⁴¹ D. Silvermyr,³⁴ K. S. Sim,²¹ C. P. Singh,² V. Singh,² S. Skutnik,¹⁶ W. C. Smith,¹ A. Soldatov,¹⁴ R. A. Soltz,²⁵ W. E. Sondheim,²⁶ S. P. Sorensen,⁴⁶ I. V. Sourikova,³ F. Staley,⁸ P. W. Stankus,³⁴ E. Stenlund,²⁸ M. Stepanov,³³ A. Ster,²⁰ S. P. Stoll,³ T. Sugitate,¹³ C. Suire,³⁵ J. P. Sullivan,²⁶ J. Sziklai,²⁰ T. Tabaru,³⁸ S. Takagi,⁴⁸ E. M. Takagui,⁴¹ A. Taketani,^37,38 K. H. Tanaka,¹⁹ Y. Tanaka,³¹ K. Tanida,^37,38 M. J. Tannenbaum,³ A. Taranenko,⁴³ P. Tarján,⁹ T. L. Thomas,³² M. Togawa,^23,37 J. Tojo,³⁷ H. Torii,³⁷ R. S. Towell,¹ V-N. Tram,²⁴ I. Tserruya,⁵¹ Y. Tsuchimoto,^13,37 S. K. Tuli,² H. Tydesjö,²⁸ N. Tyurin,¹⁴ C. Vale,¹⁶ H. Valle,⁴⁹ H. W. van Hecke,²⁶ J. Velkovska,⁴⁹ R. Vertesi,⁹ A. A. Vinogradov,²² E. Vznuzdaev,³⁶ M. Wagner,^23,37 X. R. Wang,³³ Y. Watanabe,^37,38 J. Wessels,²⁹ S. N. White,³ N. Willis,³⁵ D. Winter,⁷ C. L. Woody,³ M. Wysocki,⁶ W. Xie,^4,38 A. Yanovich,¹⁴ S. Yokkaichi,^37,38 G. R. Young,³⁴ I. Younus,³² I. E. Yushmanov,²² W. A. Zajc,⁷ O. Zaudtke,²⁹ C. Zhang,⁷ J. Zimányi,²⁰ and L. Zolin¹⁷

(PHENIX Collaboration)

¹Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
²Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
³Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁴University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁵Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
⁶University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
⁷Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
⁸Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁹Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
¹⁰ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
¹¹Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
¹²Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
¹³Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
¹⁴IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
¹⁵University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
¹⁶Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
¹⁷Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
¹⁸KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
¹⁹KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
²⁰KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, PO Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
²¹Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
²²Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, Russia
²³Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
²⁴Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
²⁵Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
²⁶Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
²⁷LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
²⁸Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
²⁹Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
³⁰Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
³¹Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
³²University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
³³New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
³⁴Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
³⁵IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
³⁶PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
³⁷RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
³⁸RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
³⁹Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
⁴⁰Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
⁴¹Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
⁴²System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁴³Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
⁴⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
⁴⁵SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
⁴⁶University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
⁴⁷Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁴⁸Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁴⁹Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
⁵⁰Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
⁵¹Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
⁵²Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea

A three-dimensional correlation function obtained from midrapidity, low p_T, pion pairs in central Au+Au collisions at =200 GeV is studied. The extracted model-independent source function indicates a long range tail in the directions of the pion pair transverse momentum (out) and the beam (long). A proper breakup time ₀~9 fm/c and a mean proper emission duration ~2 fm/c, leading to sizable emission time differences (|t_LCM|12 fm/c), are required to allow models to be successfully matched to these tails. The model comparisons also suggest an outside-in “burning” of the emission source reminiscent of many hydrodynamical models.

©2008 The American Physical Society

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