Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions from =22.5 to 200 GeV

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A. Adare,¹⁰ S. S. Adler,⁵ S. Afanasiev,²⁴ C. Aidala,^11,39 N. N. Ajitanand,⁵² Y. Akiba,^26,46,47 H. Al-Bataineh,⁴¹ J. Alexander,⁵² A. Al-Jamel,⁴¹ K. Aoki,^30,46 L. Aphecetche,⁵⁴ R. Armendariz,⁴¹ S. H. Aronson,⁵ J. Asai,⁴⁷ E. T. Atomssa,³¹ R. Averbeck,⁵³ T. C. Awes,⁴² B. Azmoun,⁵ V. Babintsev,²⁰ G. Baksay,¹⁶ L. Baksay,¹⁶ A. Baldisseri,¹³ K. N. Barish,⁶ P. D. Barnes,³³ B. Bassalleck,⁴⁰ S. Bathe,^6,36 S. Batsouli,^11,39,42 V. Baublis,⁴⁵ F. Bauer,⁶ A. Bazilevsky,^5,47 S. Belikov,^5,20,23 R. Bennett,⁵³ Y. Berdnikov,⁴⁹ A. A. Bickley,¹⁰ M. T. Bjorndal,^11,39 J. G. Boissevain,³³ H. Borel,¹³ K. Boyle,⁵³ M. L. Brooks,³³ D. S. Brown,⁴¹ N. Bruner,⁴⁰ D. Bucher,³⁶ H. Buesching,^5,36 V. Bumazhnov,²⁰ G. Bunce,^5,47 J. M. Burward-Hoy,^32,33 S. Butsyk,^33,53 X. Camard,⁵⁴ S. Campbell,⁵³ J.-S. Chai,²⁵ P. Chand,⁴ B. S. Chang,⁶¹ W. C. Chang,² J.-L. Charvet,¹³ S. Chernichenko,²⁰ J. Chiba,²⁶ C. Y. Chi,^11,39 M. Chiu,^11,21,39 I. J. Choi,⁶¹ R. K. Choudhury,⁴ T. Chujo,^5,58 P. Chung,⁵² A. Churyn,²⁰ V. 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Stankus,⁴² E. Stenlund,³⁵ M. Stepanov,⁴¹ A. Ster,²⁷ S. P. Stoll,⁵ T. Sugitate,¹⁹ C. Suire,⁴³ J. P. Sullivan,³³ J. Sziklai,²⁷ T. Tabaru,⁴⁷ S. Takagi,⁵⁷ E. M. Takagui,⁵⁰ A. Taketani,^46,47 K. H. Tanaka,²⁶ Y. Tanaka,³⁸ K. Tanida,^46,47 M. J. Tannenbaum,⁵ A. Taranenko,⁵² P. Tarján,¹⁴ T. L. Thomas,⁴⁰ M. Togawa,^30,46 A. Toia,⁵³ J. Tojo,⁴⁶ L. Tomášek,²² H. Torii,^30,46,47 R. S. Towell,¹ V.-N. Tram,³¹ I. Tserruya,⁶⁰ Y. Tsuchimoto,^19,46 S. K. Tuli,³ H. Tydesjö,³⁵ N. Tyurin,²⁰ T. J. Uam,³⁷ C. Vale,²³ H. Valle,⁵⁸ H. W. van Hecke,³³ J. Velkovska,^5,58 M. Velkovsky,⁵³ R. Vertesi,¹⁴ V. Veszprémi,¹⁴ A. A. Vinogradov,²⁹ M. Virius,¹² M. A. Volkov,²⁹ V. Vrba,²² E. Vznuzdaev,⁴⁵ M. Wagner,^30,46 D. Walker,⁵³ X. R. Wang,^18,41 Y. Watanabe,^46,47 J. Wessels,³⁶ S. N. White,⁵ N. Willis,⁴³ D. Winter,^11,39 F. K. Wohn,²³ C. L. Woody,⁵ M. Wysocki,¹⁰ W. Xie,^6,47 Y. L. Yamaguchi,⁵⁹ A. Yanovich,²⁰ Z. Yasin,⁶ J. Ying,¹⁸ S. Yokkaichi,^46,47 G. R. Young,⁴² I. Younus,⁴⁰ I. E. Yushmanov,²⁹ W. A. Zajc,^11,39 O. Zaudtke,³⁶ C. Zhang,^11,39,42 S. Zhou,⁸ J. Zimányi,²⁷ L. Zolin,²⁴ and X. Zong²³

(PHENIX Collaboration)

¹Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
²Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
³Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
⁴Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
⁵Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁶University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁷Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, CZ-11636, Prague, Czech Republic
⁸China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People's Republic of China
⁹Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
¹⁰University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
¹¹Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
¹²Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, CZ-16636, Prague 6, Czech Republic
¹³Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁴Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
¹⁵ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P.s. 1/A, Hungary
¹⁶Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
¹⁷Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
¹⁸Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
¹⁹Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
²⁰IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino RU-142281, Russia
²¹University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
²²Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
²³Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
²⁴Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
²⁵KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
²⁶KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
²⁷KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, P. O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
²⁸Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
²⁹Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, Russia
³⁰Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
³¹Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
³²Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
³³Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
³⁴LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, F-63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
³⁵Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
³⁶Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
³⁷Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
³⁸Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
³⁹Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
⁴⁰University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
⁴¹New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
⁴²Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
⁴³IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
⁴⁴Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
⁴⁵PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad Region, RU-188300, Russia
⁴⁶RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁴⁷RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁴⁸Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
⁴⁹St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
⁵⁰Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
⁵¹System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁵²Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
⁵³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
⁵⁴SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307, Nantes, France
⁵⁵University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
⁵⁶Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁵⁷Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁵⁸Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
⁵⁹Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
⁶⁰Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
⁶¹Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea

Received 11 May 2008; published 7 October 2008

Acomprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity inrelativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisionsat sqrt(s[sub NN]) =62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions at =22.5,62.4,and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function ofcollision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correctingfor nondynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometrywithin a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed asthe variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease withincreasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or belowthe expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions basedupon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibitevidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility ofthe system. A comparison of the data with a modelwhere hadrons are independently emitted from a number of hadronclusters suggests that the mean number of hadrons per clusteris small in heavy ion collisions.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044902
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044902
PACS:	25.75.Gz; 25.75.Nq; 21.65.Qr; 25.75.Ag 25.75.Gz Particle correlations and fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions 25.75.Nq Quark deconfinement, quark-gluon plasma production, and phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions 21.65.Qr Quark matter 25.75.Ag Global features in relativistic heavy ion collisions YEAR: 2008

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