Phys. Rev. D 73, 083502 (2006) [12 pages]
Dark energy anisotropic stress and large scale structure formation
Abstract
References (80)
Citing Articles
Tomi Koivisto1 and David F. Mota21Helsinki Institute of Physics,FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
2Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Box 1029, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Received 11 December 2005; published 3 April 2006
We investigate the consequences of an imperfect dark energy fluid on the large scale structure. A phenomenological three parameter fluid description is used to study the effect of dark energy on the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) and matter power spectrum. In addition to the equation of state and the sound speed, we allow a nonzero viscosity parameter for the fluid. Then anisotropic stress perturbations are generated in dark energy. In general, we find that this possibility is not excluded by the present day cosmological observations. In the simplest case when all of the three parameters are constant, we find that the observable effects of the anisotropic stress can be closely mimicked by varying the sound speed of perfect dark energy. However, now also negative values for the sound speed, as expected for adiabatic fluid model, are tolerable and in fact could explain the observed low quadrupole in the CMBR spectrum. We investigate also structure formation of imperfect fluid dark energy characterized by an evolving equation of state. In particular, we study models unifying dark energy with dark matter, such as the Chaplygin gas or the Cardassian expansion, with a shear perturbation included. This can stabilize the growth of inhomogeneities in these models, thus somewhat improving their compatibility with large scale structure observations.
©2006 The American Physical Society
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