APS » Phys. Rev. D » Volume 76 » Issue 6

B. Abbott,¹⁴ R. Abbott,¹⁴ R. Adhikari,¹⁴ J. Agresti,¹⁴ P. Ajith,² B. Allen,^2,51 R. Amin,¹⁸ S. B. Anderson,¹⁴ W. G. Anderson,⁵¹ M. Arain,³⁹ M. Araya,¹⁴ H. Armandula,¹⁴ M. Ashley,⁴ S. Aston,³⁸ P. Aufmuth,³⁶ C. Aulbert,¹ S. Babak,¹ S. Ballmer,¹⁴ H. Bantilan,⁸ B. C. Barish,¹⁴ C. Barker,¹⁵ D. Barker,¹⁵ B. Barr,⁴⁰ P. Barriga,⁵⁰ M. A. Barton,⁴⁰ K. Bayer,¹⁷ K. Belczynski,²⁴ J. Betzwieser,¹⁷ P. T. Beyersdorf,²⁷ B. Bhawal,¹⁴ I. A. Bilenko,²¹ G. Billingsley,¹⁴ R. Biswas,⁵¹ E. Black,¹⁴ K. Blackburn,¹⁴ L. Blackburn,¹⁷ D. Blair,⁵⁰ B. Bland,¹⁵ J. Bogenstahl,⁴⁰ L. Bogue,¹⁶ R. Bork,¹⁴ V. Boschi,¹⁴ S. Bose,⁵² P. R. Brady,⁵¹ V. B. Braginsky,²¹ J. E. Brau,⁴³ M. Brinkmann,² A. Brooks,³⁷ D. A. Brown,^6,14 A. Bullington,³⁰ A. Bunkowski,² A. Buonanno,⁴¹ O. Burmeister,² D. Busby,¹⁴ R. L. Byer,³⁰ L. Cadonati,¹⁷ G. Cagnoli,⁴⁰ J. B. Camp,²² J. Cannizzo,²² K. Cannon,⁵¹ C. A. Cantley,⁴⁰ J. Cao,¹⁷ L. Cardenas,¹⁴ M. M. Casey,⁴⁰ G. Castaldi,⁴⁶ C. Cepeda,¹⁴ E. Chalkey,⁴⁰ P. Charlton,⁹ S. Chatterji,¹⁴ S. Chelkowski,² Y. Chen,¹ F. Chiadini,⁴⁵ D. Chin,⁴² E. Chin,⁵⁰ J. Chow,⁴ N. Christensen,⁸ J. Clark,⁴⁰ P. Cochrane,² T. Cokelaer,⁷ C. N. Colacino,³⁸ R. Coldwell,³⁹ R. Conte,⁴⁵ D. Cook,¹⁵ T. Corbitt,¹⁷ D. Coward,⁵⁰ D. Coyne,¹⁴ J. D. E. Creighton,⁵¹ T. D. Creighton,¹⁴ R. P. Croce,⁴⁶ D. R. M. Crooks,⁴⁰ A. M. Cruise,³⁸ A. Cumming,⁴⁰ J. Dalrymple,³¹ E. D'Ambrosio,¹⁴ K. Danzmann,^2,36 G. Davies,⁷ D. DeBra,³⁰ J. Degallaix,⁵⁰ M. Degree,³⁰ T. Demma,⁴⁶ V. Dergachev,⁴² S. Desai,³² R. DeSalvo,¹⁴ S. Dhurandhar,¹³ M. Díaz,³³ J. Dickson,⁴ A. Di Credico,³¹ G. Diederichs,³⁶ A. Dietz,⁷ E. E. Doomes,²⁹ R. W. P. Drever,⁵ J.-C. Dumas,⁵⁰ R. J. Dupuis,¹⁴ J. G. Dwyer,¹⁰ P. Ehrens,¹⁴ E. Espinoza,¹⁴ T. Etzel,¹⁴ M. Evans,¹⁴ T. Evans,¹⁶ S. Fairhurst,^7,14 Y. Fan,⁵⁰ D. Fazi,¹⁴ M. M. Fejer,³⁰ L. S. Finn,³² V. Fiumara,⁴⁵ N. Fotopoulos,⁵¹ A. Franzen,³⁶ K. Y. Franzen,³⁹ A. Freise,³⁸ R. Frey,⁴³ T. Fricke,⁴⁴ P. Fritschel,¹⁷ V. V. Frolov,¹⁶ M. Fyffe,¹⁶ V. Galdi,⁴⁶ J. Garofoli,¹⁵ I. Gholami,¹ J. A. Giaime,^16,18 S. Giampanis,⁴⁴ K. D. Giardina,¹⁶ K. Goda,¹⁷ E. Goetz,⁴² L. Goggin,¹⁴ G. González,¹⁸ S. Gossler,⁴ A. Grant,⁴⁰ S. Gras,⁵⁰ C. Gray,¹⁵ M. Gray,⁴ J. Greenhalgh,²⁶ A. M. Gretarsson,¹¹ R. Grosso,³³ H. Grote,² S. Grunewald,¹ M. Guenther,¹⁵ R. Gustafson,⁴² B. Hage,³⁶ D. Hammer,⁵¹ C. Hanna,¹⁸ J. Hanson,¹⁶ J. Harms,² G. Harry,¹⁷ E. Harstad,⁴³ T. Hayler,²⁶ J. Heefner,¹⁴ I. S. Heng,⁴⁰ A. Heptonstall,⁴⁰ M. Heurs,² M. Hewitson,² S. Hild,³⁶ E. Hirose,³¹ D. Hoak,¹⁶ D. Hosken,³⁷ J. Hough,⁴⁰ E. Howell,⁵⁰ D. Hoyland,³⁸ S. H. Huttner,⁴⁰ D. Ingram,¹⁵ E. Innerhofer,¹⁷ M. Ito,⁴³ Y. Itoh,⁵¹ A. Ivanov,¹⁴ D. Jackrel,³⁰ B. Johnson,¹⁵ W. W. Johnson,¹⁸ D. I. Jones,⁴⁷ G. Jones,⁷ R. Jones,⁴⁰ L. Ju,⁵⁰ P. Kalmus,¹⁰ V. Kalogera,²⁴ S. Kamat,¹⁰ D. Kasprzyk,³⁸ E. Katsavounidis,¹⁷ K. Kawabe,¹⁵ S. Kawamura,²³ F. Kawazoe,²³ W. Kells,¹⁴ D. G. Keppel,¹⁴ F. Ya. Khalili,²¹ C. Kim,²⁴ P. King,¹⁴ J. S. Kissel,¹⁸ S. Klimenko,³⁹ K. Kokeyama,²³ V. Kondrashov,¹⁴ R. K. Kopparapu,¹⁸ D. Kozak,¹⁴ B. Krishnan,¹ P. Kwee,³⁶ P. K. Lam,⁴ M. Landry,¹⁵ B. Lantz,³⁰ A. Lazzarini,¹⁴ B. Lee,⁵⁰ M. Lei,¹⁴ J. Leiner,⁵² V. Leonhardt,²³ I. Leonor,⁴³ K. Libbrecht,¹⁴ P. Lindquist,¹⁴ N. A. Lockerbie,⁴⁸ M. Longo,⁴⁵ M. Lormand,¹⁶ M. Lubinski,¹⁵ H. Lück,^2,36 B. Machenschalk,¹ M. MacInnis,¹⁷ M. Mageswaran,¹⁴ K. Mailand,¹⁴ M. Malec,³⁶ V. Mandic,¹⁴ S. Marano,⁴⁵ S. Márka,¹⁰ J. Markowitz,¹⁷ E. Maros,¹⁴ I. Martin,⁴⁰ J. N. Marx,¹⁴ K. Mason,¹⁷ L. Matone,¹⁰ V. Matta,⁴⁵ N. Mavalvala,¹⁷ R. McCarthy,¹⁵ D. E. McClelland,⁴ S. C. McGuire,²⁹ M. McHugh,²⁰ K. McKenzie,⁴ J. W. C. McNabb,³² S. McWilliams,²² T. Meier,³⁶ A. Melissinos,⁴⁴ G. Mendell,¹⁵ R. A. Mercer,³⁹ S. Meshkov,¹⁴ E. Messaritaki,¹⁴ C. J. Messenger,⁴⁰ D. Meyers,¹⁴ E. Mikhailov,¹⁷ S. Mitra,¹³ V. P. Mitrofanov,²¹ G. Mitselmakher,³⁹ R. Mittleman,¹⁷ O. Miyakawa,¹⁴ S. Mohanty,³³ G. Moreno,¹⁵ K. Mossavi,² C. MowLowry,⁴ A. Moylan,⁴ D. Mudge,³⁷ G. Mueller,³⁹ S. Mukherjee,³³ H. Müller-Ebhardt,² J. Munch,³⁷ P. Murray,⁴⁰ E. Myers,¹⁵ J. Myers,¹⁵ T. Nash,¹⁴ G. Newton,⁴⁰ A. Nishizawa,²³ K. Numata,²² B. O'Reilly,¹⁶ R. O'Shaughnessy,²⁴ D. J. Ottaway,¹⁷ H. Overmier,¹⁶ B. J. Owen,³² Y. Pan,⁴¹ M. A. Papa,^1,51 V. Parameshwaraiah,¹⁵ P. Patel,¹⁴ M. Pedraza,¹⁴ S. Penn,¹² V. Pierro,⁴⁶ I. M. Pinto,⁴⁶ M. Pitkin,⁴⁰ H. Pletsch,² M. V. Plissi,⁴⁰ F. Postiglione,⁴⁵ R. Prix,¹ V. Quetschke,³⁹ F. Raab,¹⁵ D. Rabeling,⁴ H. Radkins,¹⁵ R. Rahkola,⁴³ N. Rainer,² M. Rakhmanov,³² K. Rawlins,¹⁷ S. Ray-Majumder,⁵¹ V. Re,³⁸ H. Rehbein,² S. Reid,⁴⁰ D. H. Reitze,³⁹ L. Ribichini,² R. Riesen,¹⁶ K. Riles,⁴² B. Rivera,¹⁵ N. A. Robertson,^14,40 C. Robinson,⁷ E. L. Robinson,³⁸ S. Roddy,¹⁶ A. Rodriguez,¹⁸ A. M. Rogan,⁵² J. Rollins,¹⁰ J. D. Romano,⁷ J. Romie,¹⁶ R. Route,³⁰ S. Rowan,⁴⁰ A. Rüdiger,² L. Ruet,¹⁷ P. Russell,¹⁴ K. Ryan,¹⁵ S. Sakata,²³ M. Samidi,¹⁴ L. Sancho de la Jordana,³⁵ V. Sandberg,¹⁵ V. Sannibale,¹⁴ S. Saraf,²⁵ P. Sarin,¹⁷ B. S. Sathyaprakash,⁷ S. Sato,²³ P. R. Saulson,³¹ R. Savage,¹⁵ P. Savov,⁶ S. Schediwy,⁵⁰ R. Schilling,² R. Schnabel,² R. Schofield,⁴³ B. F. Schutz,^1,7 P. Schwinberg,¹⁵ S. M. Scott,⁴ A. C. Searle,⁴ B. Sears,¹⁴ F. Seifert,² D. Sellers,¹⁶ A. S. Sengupta,⁷ P. Shawhan,⁴¹ D. H. Shoemaker,¹⁷ A. Sibley,¹⁶ J. A. Sidles,⁴⁹ X. Siemens,^6,14 D. Sigg,¹⁵ S. Sinha,³⁰ A. M. Sintes,^1,35 B. J. J. Slagmolen,⁴ J. Slutsky,¹⁸ J. R. Smith,² M. R. Smith,¹⁴ K. Somiya,^2,1 K. A. Strain,⁴⁰ D. M. Strom,⁴³ A. Stuver,³² T. Z. Summerscales,³ K.-X. Sun,³⁰ M. Sung,¹⁸ P. J. Sutton,¹⁴ H. Takahashi,¹ D. B. Tanner,³⁹ M. Tarallo,¹⁴ R. Taylor,¹⁴ R. Taylor,⁴⁰ J. Thacker,¹⁶ K. A. Thorne,³² K. S. Thorne,⁶ A. Thüring,³⁶ M. Tinto,¹⁴ K. V. Tokmakov,⁴⁰ C. Torres,³³ C. Torrie,⁴⁰ G. Traylor,¹⁶ M. Trias,³⁵ W. Tyler,¹⁴ D. Ugolini,³⁴ C. Ungarelli,³⁸ K. Urbanek,³⁰ H. Vahlbruch,³⁶ M. Vallisneri,⁶ C. Van Den Broeck,⁷ M. Varvella,¹⁴ S. Vass,¹⁴ A. Vecchio,³⁸ J. Veitch,⁴⁰ P. Veitch,³⁷ A. Villar,¹⁴ C. Vorvick,¹⁵ S. P. Vyachanin,²¹ S. J. Waldman,¹⁴ L. Wallace,¹⁴ H. Ward,⁴⁰ R. Ward,¹⁴ K. Watts,¹⁶ D. Webber,¹⁴ A. Weidner,² M. Weinert,² A. Weinstein,¹⁴ R. Weiss,¹⁷ S. Wen,¹⁸ K. Wette,⁴ J. T. Whelan,¹ D. M. Whitbeck,³² S. E. Whitcomb,¹⁴ B. F. Whiting,³⁹ C. Wilkinson,¹⁵ P. A. Willems,¹⁴ L. Williams,³⁹ B. Willke,^2,36 I. Wilmut,²⁶ W. Winkler,² C. C. Wipf,¹⁷ S. Wise,³⁹ A. G. Wiseman,⁵¹ G. Woan,⁴⁰ D. Woods,⁵¹ R. Wooley,¹⁶ J. Worden,¹⁵ W. Wu,³⁹ I. Yakushin,¹⁶ H. Yamamoto,¹⁴ Z. Yan,⁵⁰ S. Yoshida,²⁸ N. Yunes,³² M. Zanolin,¹⁷ J. Zhang,⁴² L. Zhang,¹⁴ C. Zhao,⁵⁰ N. Zotov,¹⁹ M. Zucker,¹⁷ H. zur Mühlen,³⁶ and J. Zweizig¹⁴

(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)

¹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
²Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
⁴Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
⁵California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁶Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁷Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
⁸Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁹Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
¹⁰Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
¹¹Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
¹²Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹³Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
¹⁴LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
¹⁵LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
¹⁶LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
¹⁷LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹⁸Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
¹⁹Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
²⁰Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
²¹Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
²²NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
²³National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁴Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
²⁵Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
²⁶Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
²⁷San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
²⁸Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
²⁹Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
³⁰Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
³¹Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
³²The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
³³The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
³⁴Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
³⁵Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
³⁶Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³⁷University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
³⁸University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
³⁹University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁴⁰University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
⁴¹University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
⁴²University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁴³University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁴⁴University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁴⁵University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
⁴⁶University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
⁴⁷University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
⁴⁸University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
⁴⁹University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
⁵⁰University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
⁵¹University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
⁵²Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA

We have searched for gravitational waves (GWs) associated with the SGR 1806-20 hyperflare of 27 December 2004. This event, originating from a Galactic neutron star, displayed exceptional energetics. Recent investigations of the x-ray light curve's pulsating tail revealed the presence of quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) in the 30–2000 Hz frequency range, most of which coincides with the bandwidth of the LIGO detectors. These QPOs, with well-characterized frequencies, can plausibly be attributed to seismic modes of the neutron star which could emit GWs. Our search targeted potential quasimonochromatic GWs lasting for tens of seconds and emitted at the QPO frequencies. We have observed no candidate signals above a predetermined threshold, and our lowest upper limit was set by the 92.5 Hz QPO observed in the interval from 150 s to 260 s after the start of the flare. This bound corresponds to a (90% confidence) root-sum-squared amplitude h_rss-det^90%=4.5×10^-22 strain Hz^-1/2 on the GW waveform strength in the detectable polarization state reaching our Hanford (WA) 4 km detector. We illustrate the astrophysical significance of the result via an estimated characteristic energy in GW emission that we would expect to be able to detect. The above result corresponds to 7.7×10⁴⁶ erg (=4.3×10^-8 M_[sun]c²), which is of the same order as the total (isotropic) energy emitted in the electromagnetic spectrum. This result provides a means to probe the energy reservoir of the source with the best upper limit on the GW waveform strength published and represents the first broadband asteroseismology measurement using a GW detector.

©2007 The American Physical Society

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