Measurement of neutrino velocity with the MINOS detectors and NuMI neutrino beam

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P. Adamson,^9,18 C. Andreopoulos,²³ K. E. Arms,¹⁹ R. Armstrong,¹² D. J. Auty,²⁷ S. Avvakumov,²⁶ D. S. Ayres,¹ B. Baller,⁹ B. Barish,⁵ P. D. Barnes, Jr.,¹⁷ G. Barr,²¹ W. L. Barrett,³¹ E. Beall,^1,19 B. R. Becker,¹⁹ A. Belias,²³ T. Bergfeld,²⁵ R. H. Bernstein,⁹ D. Bhattacharya,²² M. Bishai,⁴ A. Blake,⁶ B. Bock,²⁰ G. J. Bock,⁹ J. Boehm,¹⁰ D. J. Boehnlein,⁹ D. Bogert,⁹ P. M. Border,¹⁹ C. Bower,¹² E. Buckley-Geer,⁹ A. Cabrera,²¹ J. D. Chapman,⁶ D. Cherdack,³⁰ S. Childress,⁹ B. C. Choudhary,⁹ J. H. Cobb,²¹ S. J. Coleman,³² A. J. Culling,⁶ J. K. de Jong,¹¹ A. De Santo,²¹ M. Dierckxsens,⁴ M. V. Diwan,⁴ M. Dorman,^18,23 D. Drakoulakos,² T. Durkin,²³ A. R. Erwin,³³ C. O. Escobar,⁷ J. J. Evans,²¹ E. Falk Harris,²⁷ G. J. Feldman,¹⁰ T. H. Fields,¹ T. Fitzpatrick,⁹ R. Ford,⁹ M. V. Frohne,³ H. R. Gallagher,³⁰ G. A. Giurgiu,¹ A. Godley,²⁵ J. Gogos,¹⁹ M. C. Goodman,¹ P. Gouffon,²⁴ R. Gran,²⁰ E. W. Grashorn,^19,20 N. Grossman,⁹ K. Grzelak,²¹ A. Habig,²⁰ D. Harris,⁹ P. G. Harris,²⁷ J. Hartnell,²³ E. P. Hartouni,¹⁷ R. Hatcher,⁹ K. Heller,¹⁹ A. Holin,¹⁸ C. Howcroft,⁵ J. Hylen,⁹ D. Indurthy,²⁹ G. M. Irwin,²⁶ M. Ishitsuka,¹² D. E. Jaffe,⁴ C. James,⁹ L. Jenner,¹⁸ D. Jensen,⁹ T. Joffe-Minor,¹ T. Kafka,³⁰ H. J. Kang,²⁶ S. M. S. Kasahara,¹⁹ M. S. Kim,²² G. Koizumi,⁹ S. Kopp,²⁹ M. Kordosky,¹⁸ D. J. Koskinen,¹⁸ S. K. Kotelnikov,¹⁶ A. Kreymer,⁹ S. Kumaratunga,¹⁹ K. Lang,²⁹ A. Lebedev,¹⁰ R. Lee,¹⁰ J. Ling,²⁵ J. Liu,²⁹ P. J. Litchfield,¹⁹ R. P. Litchfield,²¹ P. Lucas,⁹ W. Luebke,¹¹ W. A. Mann,³⁰ A. Marchionni,⁹ A. D. Marino,⁹ M. L. Marshak,¹⁹ J. S. Marshall,⁶ N. Mayer,²⁰ A. M. McGowan,^1,19 J. R. Meier,¹⁹ G. I. Merzon,¹⁶ M. D. Messier,¹² D. G. Michael,⁵ R. H. Milburn,³⁰ J. L. Miller,¹⁵ W. H. Miller,¹⁹ S. R. Mishra,²⁵ A. Mislivec,²⁰ P. S. Miyagawa,²¹ C. D. Moore,⁹ J. Morfín,⁹ L. Mualem,^5,19 S. Mufson,¹² S. Murgia,²⁶ J. Musser,¹² D. Naples,²² J. K. Nelson,³² H. B. Newman,⁵ R. J. Nichol,¹⁸ T. C. Nicholls,²³ J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux,⁵ W. P. Oliver,³⁰ T. Osiecki,²⁹ R. Ospanov,²⁹ J. Paley,¹² V. Paolone,²² A. Para,⁹ T. Patzak,⁸ Ž. Pavlović,²⁹ G. F. Pearce,²³ C. W. Peck,⁵ C. Perry,²¹ E. A. Peterson,¹⁹ D. A. Petyt,¹⁹ H. Ping,³³ R. Piteira,⁸ R. Pittam,²¹ R. K. Plunkett,⁹ D. Rahman,¹⁹ R. A. Rameika,⁹ T. M. Raufer,²¹ B. Rebel,⁹ J. Reichenbacher,¹ D. E. Reyna,¹ C. Rosenfeld,²⁵ H. A. Rubin,¹¹ K. Ruddick,¹⁹ V. A. Ryabov,¹⁶ R. Saakyan,¹⁸ M. C. Sanchez,¹⁰ N. Saoulidou,⁹ D. Saranen,¹⁹ J. Schneps,³⁰ P. Schreiner,³ V. K. Semenov,¹³ S.-M. Seun,¹⁰ P. Shanahan,⁹ W. Smart,⁹ V. Smirnitsky,¹⁴ C. Smith,^18,27 A. Sousa,^21,30 B. Speakman,¹⁹ P. Stamoulis,² P. A. Symes,²⁷ N. Tagg,^30,21 R. L. Talaga,¹ E. Tetteh-Lartey,²⁸ J. Thomas,¹⁸ J. Thompson,²² M. A. Thomson,⁶ J. L. Thron,¹ G. Tinti,²¹ I. Trostin,¹⁴ V. A. Tsarev,¹⁶ G. Tzanakos,² J. Urheim,¹² P. Vahle,¹⁸ V. Verebryusov,¹⁴ B. Viren,⁴ C. P. Ward,⁶ D. R. Ward,⁶ M. Watabe,²⁸ A. Weber,^21,23 R. C. Webb,²⁸ A. Wehmann,⁹ N. West,²¹ C. White,¹¹ S. G. Wojcicki,²⁶ D. M. Wright,¹⁷ Q. K. Wu,²⁵ T. Yang,²⁶ F. X. Yumiceva,³² H. Zheng,⁵ M. Zois,² and R. Zwaska⁹

(MINOS Collaboration)

¹Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
²Department of Physics, University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
³Physics Department, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois 60532, USA
⁴Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
⁵Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁶Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
⁷Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IF-UNICAMP, CP 6165, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
⁸APC–Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁹Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
¹⁰Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
¹¹Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
¹²Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
¹³Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow Region RU-140284, Russia
¹⁴High Energy Experimental Physics Department, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, B. Cheremushkinskaya, 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia
¹⁵Physics Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
¹⁶Nuclear Physics Department, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
¹⁷Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
¹⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
¹⁹University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
²⁰Department of Physics, University of Minnesota–Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
²¹Subdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
²²Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
²³Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
²⁴Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
²⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
²⁶Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
²⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
²⁸Physics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
²⁹Department of Physics, University of Texas, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
³⁰Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
³¹Physics Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
³²Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
³³Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

Received 4 June 2007; published 15 October 2007

Thevelocity of a ~3 GeV neutrino beam is measured by comparingdetection times at the near and far detectors of theMINOS experiment, separated by 734 km. A total of 473 fardetector neutrino events was used to measure (v-c)/c=5.1±2.9×10^-5 (at 68% C.L.).By correlating the measured energies of 258 charged-current neutrino eventsto their arrival times at the far detector, a limitis imposed on the neutrino mass of m_nu<50 MeV/c² (99% C.L.).

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.072005
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.76.072005
PACS:	14.60.Lm 14.60.Lm Ordinary neutrinos (nu_e, nu_µ, nu_tau) YEAR: 2007