Observations of microwave continuum emission from air shower plasmas

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P. W. Gorham,¹ N. G. Lehtinen,¹ G. S. Varner,¹ J. J. Beatty,² A. Connolly,³ P. Chen,⁴ M. E. Conde,⁵ W. Gai,⁵ C. Hast,⁴ C. L. Hebert,¹ C. Miki,¹ R. Konecny,⁵ J. Kowalski,¹ J. Ng,⁴ J. G. Power,⁵ K. Reil,⁴ L. Ruckman,¹ D. Saltzberg,³ B. T. Stokes,¹ and D. Walz⁴
¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
²Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1117, USA
³Department of Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
⁴Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 2575 Sand Island Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
⁵Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA

Received 10 July 2007; revised 8 June 2008; published 14 August 2008

Weinvestigate a possible new technique for microwave detection of cosmic-rayextensive air showers which relies on detection of expected continuumradiation in the microwave range, caused by free-electron collisions withneutrals in the tenuous plasma left after the passage ofthe shower. We performed an initial experiment at the ArgonneWakefield Accelerator laboratory in 2003 and measured broadband microwave emissionfrom air ionized via high-energy electrons and photons. A follow-upexperiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in the summerof 2004 confirmed the major features of the previous ArgonneWakefield Accelerator observations with better precision. Prompted by these resultswe built a prototype detector using satellite television technology andhave made measurements suggestive of the detection of cosmic-ray extensiveair showers. The method, if confirmed by experiments now inprogress, could provide a high-duty cycle complement to current nitrogenfluorescence observations.

URL:	http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.032007
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.78.032007
PACS:	96.50.sd; 07.57.Kp; 52.25.Os; 52.40.Mj 96.50.sd Extensive air showers 07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors 52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation from plasmas 52.40.Mj Particle beam interactions in plasmas YEAR: 2008

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