APS » Phys. Rev. D » Volume 80 » Issue 6

B. P. Abbott,¹⁷ R. Abbott,¹⁷ R. Adhikari,¹⁷ P. Ajith,² B. Allen,^2,60 G. Allen,³⁵ R. S. Amin,²¹ S. B. Anderson,¹⁷ W. G. Anderson,⁶⁰ M. A. Arain,⁴⁷ M. Araya,¹⁷ H. Armandula,¹⁷ P. Armor,⁶⁰ Y. Aso,¹⁷ S. Aston,⁴⁶ P. Aufmuth,¹⁶ C. Aulbert,² S. Babak,¹ P. Baker,²⁴ S. Ballmer,¹⁷ C. Barker,¹⁸ D. Barker,¹⁸ B. Barr,⁴⁸ P. Barriga,⁵⁹ L. Barsotti,²⁰ M. A. Barton,¹⁷ I. Bartos,¹⁰ R. Bassiri,⁴⁸ M. Bastarrika,⁴⁸ B. Behnke,¹ M. Benacquista,⁴² J. Betzwieser,¹⁷ P. T. Beyersdorf,³¹ I. A. Bilenko,²⁵ G. Billingsley,¹⁷ R. Biswas,⁶⁰ E. Black,¹⁷ J. K. Blackburn,¹⁷ L. Blackburn,²⁰ D. Blair,⁵⁹ B. Bland,¹⁸ T. P. Bodiya,²⁰ L. Bogue,¹⁹ R. Bork,¹⁷ V. Boschi,¹⁷ S. Bose,⁶¹ P. R. Brady,⁶⁰ V. B. Braginsky,²⁵ J. E. Brau,⁵³ D. O. Bridges,¹⁹ M. Brinkmann,² A. F. Brooks,¹⁷ D. A. Brown,³⁶ A. Brummit,³⁰ G. Brunet,²⁰ A. Bullington,³⁵ A. Buonanno,⁴⁹ O. Burmeister,² R. L. Byer,³⁵ L. Cadonati,⁵⁰ J. B. Camp,²⁶ J. Cannizzo,²⁶ K. C. Cannon,¹⁷ J. Cao,²⁰ L. Cardenas,¹⁷ V. Cardoso,³⁹ S. Caride,⁵¹ G. Castaldi,⁵⁶ S. Caudill,²¹ M. Cavaglià,³⁹ C. Cepeda,¹⁷ T. Chalermsongsak,¹⁷ E. Chalkley,⁴⁸ P. Charlton,⁹ S. Chatterji,¹⁷ S. Chelkowski,⁴⁶ Y. Chen,^1,6 N. Christensen,⁸ C. T. Y. Chung,³⁸ D. Clark,³⁵ J. Clark,⁷ J. H. Clayton,⁶⁰ T. Cokelaer,⁷ C. N. Colacino,¹² R. Conte,⁵⁵ D. Cook,¹⁸ T. R. C. Corbitt,²⁰ N. Cornish,²⁴ D. Coward,⁵⁹ D. C. Coyne,¹⁷ J. D. E. Creighton,⁶⁰ T. D. Creighton,⁴² A. M. Cruise,⁴⁶ R. M. Culter,⁴⁶ A. Cumming,⁴⁸ L. Cunningham,⁴⁸ S. L. Danilishin,²⁵ K. Danzmann,^2,16 B. Daudert,¹⁷ G. Davies,⁷ E. J. Daw,⁴⁰ D. DeBra,³⁵ J. Degallaix,² V. Dergachev,⁵¹ S. Desai,³⁷ R. DeSalvo,¹⁷ S. Dhurandhar,¹⁵ M. Díaz,⁴² A. Dietz,⁷ F. Donovan,²⁰ K. L. Dooley,⁴⁷ E. E. Doomes,³⁴ R. W. P. Drever,⁵ J. Dueck,² I. Duke,²⁰ J.-C. Dumas,⁵⁹ J. G. Dwyer,¹⁰ C. Echols,¹⁷ M. Edgar,⁴⁸ A. Effler,¹⁸ P. Ehrens,¹⁷ E. Espinoza,¹⁷ T. Etzel,¹⁷ M. Evans,²⁰ T. Evans,¹⁹ S. Fairhurst,⁷ Y. Faltas,⁴⁷ Y. Fan,⁵⁹ D. Fazi,¹⁷ H. Fehrmann,² L. S. Finn,³⁷ K. Flasch,⁶⁰ S. Foley,²⁰ C. Forrest,⁵⁴ N. Fotopoulos,⁶⁰ A. Franzen,¹⁶ M. Frede,² M. Frei,⁴¹ Z. Frei,¹² A. Freise,⁴⁶ R. Frey,⁵³ T. Fricke,¹⁹ P. Fritschel,²⁰ V. V. Frolov,¹⁹ M. Fyffe,¹⁹ V. Galdi,⁵⁶ J. A. Garofoli,³⁶ I. Gholami,¹ J. A. Giaime,^21,19 S. Giampanis,² K. D. Giardina,¹⁹ K. Goda,²⁰ E. Goetz,⁵¹ L. M. Goggin,⁶⁰ G. González,²¹ M. L. Gorodetsky,²⁵ S. Goßler,² R. Gouaty,²¹ A. Grant,⁴⁸ S. Gras,⁵⁹ C. Gray,¹⁸ M. Gray,⁴ R. J. S. Greenhalgh,³⁰ A. M. Gretarsson,¹¹ F. Grimaldi,²⁰ R. Grosso,⁴² H. Grote,² S. Grunewald,¹ M. Guenther,¹⁸ E. K. Gustafson,¹⁷ R. Gustafson,⁵¹ B. Hage,¹⁶ J. M. Hallam,⁴⁶ D. Hammer,⁶⁰ G. D. Hammond,⁴⁸ C. Hanna,¹⁷ J. Hanson,¹⁹ J. Harms,⁵² G. M. Harry,²⁰ I. W. Harry,⁷ E. D. Harstad,⁵³ K. Haughian,⁴⁸ K. Hayama,⁴² J. Heefner,¹⁷ I. S. Heng,⁴⁸ A. Heptonstall,¹⁷ M. Hewitson,² S. Hild,⁴⁶ E. Hirose,³⁶ D. Hoak,¹⁹ K. A. Hodge,¹⁷ K. Holt,¹⁹ D. J. Hosken,⁴⁵ J. Hough,⁴⁸ D. Hoyland,⁵⁹ B. Hughey,²⁰ S. H. Huttner,⁴⁸ D. R. Ingram,¹⁸ T. Isogai,⁸ M. Ito,⁵³ A. Ivanov,¹⁷ B. Johnson,¹⁸ W. W. Johnson,²¹ D. I. Jones,⁵⁷ G. Jones,⁷ R. Jones,⁴⁸ L. Ju,⁵⁹ P. Kalmus,¹⁷ V. Kalogera,²⁸ S. Kandhasamy,⁵² J. Kanner,⁴⁹ D. Kasprzyk,⁴⁶ E. Katsavounidis,²⁰ K. Kawabe,¹⁸ S. Kawamura,²⁷ F. Kawazoe,² W. Kells,¹⁷ D. G. Keppel,¹⁷ A. Khalaidovski,² F. Y. Khalili,²⁵ R. Khan,¹⁰ E. Khazanov,¹⁴ P. King,¹⁷ J. S. Kissel,²¹ S. Klimenko,⁴⁷ K. Kokeyama,²⁷ V. Kondrashov,¹⁷ R. Kopparapu,³⁷ S. Koranda,⁶⁰ D. Kozak,¹⁷ B. Krishnan,¹ R. Kumar,⁴⁸ P. Kwee,¹⁶ P. K. Lam,⁴ M. Landry,¹⁸ B. Lantz,³⁵ A. Lazzarini,¹⁷ H. Lei,⁴² M. Lei,¹⁷ N. Leindecker,³⁵ I. Leonor,⁵³ C. Li,⁶ H. Lin,⁴⁷ P. E. Lindquist,¹⁷ T. B. Littenberg,²⁴ N. A. Lockerbie,⁵⁸ D. Lodhia,⁴⁶ M. Longo,⁵⁶ M. Lormand,¹⁹ P. Lu,³⁵ M. Lubinski,¹⁸ A. Lucianetti,⁴⁷ H. Lück,^2,16 B. Machenschalk,¹ M. MacInnis,²⁰ M. Mageswaran,¹⁷ K. Mailand,¹⁷ I. Mandel,²⁸ V. Mandic,⁵² S. Márka,¹⁰ Z. Márka,¹⁰ A. Markosyan,³⁵ J. Markowitz,²⁰ E. Maros,¹⁷ I. W. Martin,⁴⁸ R. M. Martin,⁴⁷ J. N. Marx,¹⁷ K. Mason,²⁰ F. Matichard,²¹ L. Matone,¹⁰ R. A. Matzner,⁴¹ N. Mavalvala,²⁰ R. McCarthy,¹⁸ D. E. McClelland,⁴ S. C. McGuire,³⁴ M. McHugh,²³ G. McIntyre,¹⁷ D. J. A. McKechan,⁷ K. McKenzie,⁴ M. Mehmet,² A. Melatos,³⁸ A. C. Melissinos,⁵⁴ D. F. Menéndez,³⁷ G. Mendell,¹⁸ R. A. Mercer,⁶⁰ S. Meshkov,¹⁷ C. Messenger,² M. S. Meyer,¹⁹ J. Miller,⁴⁸ J. Minelli,³⁷ Y. Mino,⁶ V. P. Mitrofanov,²⁵ G. Mitselmakher,⁴⁷ R. Mittleman,²⁰ O. Miyakawa,¹⁷ B. Moe,⁶⁰ S. D. Mohanty,⁴² S. R. P. Mohapatra,⁵⁰ G. Moreno,¹⁸ T. Morioka,²⁷ K. Mors,² K. Mossavi,² C. MowLowry,⁴ G. Mueller,⁴⁷ H. Müller-Ebhardt,² D. Muhammad,¹⁹ S. Mukherjee,⁴² H. Mukhopadhyay,¹⁵ A. Mullavey,⁴ J. Munch,⁴⁵ P. G. Murray,⁴⁸ E. Myers,¹⁸ J. Myers,¹⁸ T. Nash,¹⁷ J. Nelson,⁴⁸ G. Newton,⁴⁸ A. Nishizawa,²⁷ K. Numata,²⁶ J. O'Dell,³⁰ B. O'Reilly,¹⁹ R. O'Shaughnessy,³⁷ E. Ochsner,⁴⁹ G. H. Ogin,¹⁷ D. J. Ottaway,⁴⁵ R. S. Ottens,⁴⁷ H. Overmier,¹⁹ B. J. Owen,³⁷ Y. Pan,⁴⁹ C. Pankow,⁴⁷ M. A. Papa,^1,60 V. Parameshwaraiah,¹⁸ P. Patel,¹⁷ M. Pedraza,¹⁷ S. Penn,¹³ A. Perraca,⁴⁶ V. Pierro,⁵⁶ I. M. Pinto,⁵⁶ M. Pitkin,⁴⁸ H. J. Pletsch,² M. V. Plissi,⁴⁸ F. Postiglione,⁵⁵ M. Principe,⁵⁶ R. Prix,² L. Prokhorov,²⁵ O. Punken,² V. Quetschke,⁴⁷ F. J. Raab,¹⁸ D. S. Rabeling,⁴ H. Radkins,¹⁸ P. Raffai,¹² Z. Raics,¹⁰ N. Rainer,² M. Rakhmanov,⁴² V. Raymond,²⁸ C. M. Reed,¹⁸ T. Reed,²² H. Rehbein,² S. Reid,⁴⁸ D. H. Reitze,⁴⁷ R. Riesen,¹⁹ K. Riles,⁵¹ B. Rivera,¹⁸ P. Roberts,³ N. A. Robertson,^17,48 C. Robinson,⁷ E. L. Robinson,¹ S. Roddy,¹⁹ C. Röver,² J. Rollins,¹⁰ J. D. Romano,⁴² J. H. Romie,¹⁹ S. Rowan,⁴⁸ A. Rüdiger,² P. Russell,¹⁷ K. Ryan,¹⁸ S. Sakata,²⁷ L. Sancho de la Jordana,⁴⁴ V. Sandberg,¹⁸ V. Sannibale,¹⁷ L. Santamaría,¹ S. Saraf,³² P. Sarin,²⁰ B. S. Sathyaprakash,⁷ S. Sato,²⁷ M. Satterthwaite,⁴ P. R. Saulson,³⁶ R. Savage,¹⁸ P. Savov,⁶ M. Scanlan,²² R. Schilling,² R. Schnabel,² R. Schofield,⁵³ B. Schulz,² B. F. Schutz,^1,7 P. Schwinberg,¹⁸ J. Scott,⁴⁸ S. M. Scott,⁴ A. C. Searle,¹⁷ B. Sears,¹⁷ F. Seifert,² D. Sellers,¹⁹ A. S. Sengupta,¹⁷ A. Sergeev,¹⁴ B. Shapiro,²⁰ P. Shawhan,⁴⁹ D. H. Shoemaker,²⁰ A. Sibley,¹⁹ X. Siemens,⁶⁰ D. Sigg,¹⁸ S. Sinha,³⁵ A. M. Sintes,⁴⁴ B. J. J. Slagmolen,⁴ J. Slutsky,²¹ J. R. Smith,³⁶ M. R. Smith,¹⁷ N. D. Smith,²⁰ K. Somiya,⁶ B. Sorazu,⁴⁸ A. Stein,²⁰ L. C. Stein,²⁰ S. Steplewski,⁶¹ A. Stochino,¹⁷ R. Stone,⁴² K. A. Strain,⁴⁸ S. Strigin,²⁵ A. Stroeer,²⁶ A. L. Stuver,¹⁹ T. Z. Summerscales,³ K.-X. Sun,³⁵ M. Sung,²¹ P. J. Sutton,⁷ G. P. Szokoly,¹² D. Talukder,⁶¹ L. Tang,⁴² D. B. Tanner,⁴⁷ S. P. Tarabrin,²⁵ J. R. Taylor,² R. Taylor,¹⁷ J. Thacker,¹⁹ K. A. Thorne,¹⁹ K. S. Thorne,⁶ A. Thüring,¹⁶ K. V. Tokmakov,⁴⁸ C. Torres,¹⁹ C. Torrie,¹⁷ G. Traylor,¹⁹ M. Trias,⁴⁴ D. Ugolini,⁴³ J. Ulmen,³⁵ K. Urbanek,³⁵ H. Vahlbruch,¹⁶ M. Vallisneri,⁶ C. Van Den Broeck,⁷ M. V. van der Sluys,²⁸ A. A. van Veggel,⁴⁸ S. Vass,¹⁷ R. Vaulin,⁶⁰ A. Vecchio,⁴⁶ J. Veitch,⁴⁶ P. Veitch,⁴⁵ C. Veltkamp,² A. Villar,¹⁷ C. Vorvick,¹⁸ S. P. Vyachanin,²⁵ S. J. Waldman,²⁰ L. Wallace,¹⁷ R. L. Ward,¹⁷ A. Weidner,² M. Weinert,² A. J. Weinstein,¹⁷ R. Weiss,²⁰ L. Wen,^6,59 S. Wen,²¹ K. Wette,⁴ J. T. Whelan,^1,29 S. E. Whitcomb,¹⁷ B. F. Whiting,⁴⁷ C. Wilkinson,¹⁸ P. A. Willems,¹⁷ H. R. Williams,³⁷ L. Williams,⁴⁷ B. Willke,^2,16 I. Wilmut,³⁰ L. Winkelmann,² W. Winkler,² C. C. Wipf,²⁰ A. G. Wiseman,⁶⁰ G. Woan,⁴⁸ R. Wooley,¹⁹ J. Worden,¹⁸ W. Wu,⁴⁷ I. Yakushin,¹⁹ H. Yamamoto,¹⁷ Z. Yan,⁵⁹ S. Yoshida,³³ M. Zanolin,¹¹ J. Zhang,⁵¹ L. Zhang,¹⁷ C. Zhao,⁵⁹ N. Zotov,²² M. E. Zucker,²⁰ H. zur Mühlen,¹⁶ and J. Zweizig¹⁷

(LIGO Scientic Collaboration)

¹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm Germany
²Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
⁴Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
⁵California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁶Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁷Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
⁸Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁹Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
¹⁰Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
¹¹Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
¹²Eötvös University, ELTE 1053 Budapest, Hungary
¹³Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹⁴Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
¹⁵Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune-411007, India
¹⁶Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁷LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
¹⁸LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
¹⁹LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
²⁰LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
²¹Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
²²Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
²³Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
²⁴Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
²⁵Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
²⁶NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
²⁷National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁸Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
²⁹Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
³⁰Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
³¹San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
³²Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
³³Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
³⁴Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
³⁵Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
³⁶Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
³⁷The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
³⁸The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
³⁹The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
⁴⁰The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
⁴¹The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
⁴²The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
⁴³Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
⁴⁴Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
⁴⁵University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
⁴⁶University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
⁴⁷University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁴⁸University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
⁴⁹University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
⁵⁰University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
⁵¹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁵²University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
⁵³University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁵⁴University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁵⁵University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
⁵⁶University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
⁵⁷University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
⁵⁸University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
⁵⁹University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
⁶⁰University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
⁶¹Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA

According to general relativity a perturbed black hole will settle to a stationary configuration by the emission of gravitational radiation. Such a perturbation will occur, for example, in the coalescence of a black hole binary, following their inspiral and subsequent merger. At late times the waveform is a superposition of quasinormal modes, which we refer to as the ringdown. The dominant mode is expected to be the fundamental mode, l=m=2. Since this is a well-known waveform, matched filtering can be implemented to search for this signal using LIGO data. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns in the fourth LIGO science run S4, during which LIGO was sensitive to the dominant mode of perturbed black holes with masses in the range of 10M_[sun] to 500M_[sun], the regime of intermediate-mass black holes, to distances up to 300 Mpc. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns using data from S4. No gravitational wave candidates were found; we place a 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of ringdowns from black holes with mass between 85M_[sun] and 390M_[sun] in the local universe, assuming a uniform distribution of sources, of 3.2×10^-5 yr^-1 Mpc^-3=1.6×10^-3 yr^-1L₁₀^-1,where L₁₀ is 10¹⁰ times the solar blue-light luminosity.

©2009 The American Physical Society

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