Generation of intense beams of Pb+4 to Pb+10 ions in a laser ion source
Experiments have been carried out to optimize the yield of Pb+4 ions from the plasma produced by a 100 J CO2 laser. The laser power density on the target surface was varied between 1010 W/cm2 and 9&ti...
Experiments have been carried out to optimize the yield of Pb+4 ions from the plasma produced by a 100 J CO2 laser. The laser power density on the target surface was varied between 1010 W/cm2 and 9&ti...
The parallel cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer
An electrostatic energy analyzer is described that allows parallel acquisition of the energy spectrum of charged particles over a wide range of energies and over the complete range of azimuthal direct...
An electrostatic energy analyzer is described that allows parallel acquisition of the energy spectrum of charged particles over a wide range of energies and over the complete range of azimuthal direct...
The brightest x-ray source: A very long undulator at SPring-8
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 1125 (2002); doi:10.1063/1.1445866
Issue Date: March 2002
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A long undulator is a direct way to create a brilliant synchrotron radiation source. However, the length of undulators has been bounded by technical limitations and available space in accelerators. The first long undulator was developed at SPring-8, which is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility equipped with four 30-m-long straight sections, making it the most brilliant x-ray source in the world. The magnets are placed inside a vacuum chamber and this makes it possible to arrange 780 periods continuously for 25 m. The absolute flux and spectrum of the output radiation were measured and compared with theory. The observed spectrum is in a good agreement with theory once the electron beam orbit was corrected for geomagnetic fields. ©2002 American Institute of Physics.
| History: | Received 27 August 2001; accepted 27 November 2001 |
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http://link.aip.org/link/?RSINAK/73/1125/1 |
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KEYWORDS and PACS
- 07.85.Fv
Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy X- and
-ray instruments
X- and -ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
- 07.85.Qe
Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy X- and-ray instruments
Synchrotron radiation instrumentation
- 29.20.Dh
Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics Cyclic accelerators and storage rings Storage rings - 41.60.Ap
Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics Radiation by moving charges Synchrotron radiation - YEAR: 2002
RELATED DATABASES
PUBLICATION DATA
0034-6748 (print)
1089-7623 (online)
AIP
REFERENCES (13)
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- H. Motz, W. Thon, and R. N. Whitehurst, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 826 (1953).
- H. Tanaka et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods (to be published).
- R. Hanbury-Brown and R. Q. Twiss,
Nature (London) 177, 27 (1956) . - Angular photon flux density, which is the number of photons per second emitted in a unit solid angle and in a certain narrow band, increases as square of the number of undulator periods for zero emittance beams. Brilliance, however, is directly proportional, since the two-dimensional transverse source area (
) increases linearly with undulator length (L) according to Eq. (3).
- T. Hara, T. Tanaka, T. Tanabe, X.-M. Maréchal, S. Okada, and H. Kitamura,
J. Synchrotron Radiat. 5, 403 (1998) . - The first in-vacuum undulator was developed at KEK, Japan;
- H. Kitamura,
J. Synchrotron Radiat. 7, 121 (2000) . - T. Tanaka, T. Seike, X. M. Maréchal, T. Bizen, T. Hara, and H. Kitamura,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 467, 149 (2001) . - K. Soutome (private communication).
- Since the slit used at the present measurement was a movable front-end slit, the discrepancy between the measurement and calculation in Fig. 4 is mainly due to errors in the slit aperture.
- Estimation of the Bose degeneracy assumes a peak beam current of 250 A and a six-dimensional coherence volume of (
/2)3, which is a product of three-dimensional spatial volume V, solid angle d
, and a relative bandwidth d/. Note that the six rms coherence sizes are multiplied by ()6. The coherence volume of (
/2)3 can also be derived from the mode density parameter 
, dk = (k2V/2
2)dk, k = 2/, for horizontal polarization [see, for example, R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Clarendon, Oxford, 1983)]. In the case of undulator radiation, we should divide by total solid angle 4/8 (since is defined for kx, ky, kz>0), then (2/)dkd= (2/)3 V(d/)d and (/2)3 is a six-dimensional volume occupied by one mode. - D. Attwood, K. Halbach, and K. J. Kim,
Science 228, 1265 (1985) . - H. Tanaka (private communication).
