Review of Scientific Instruments
Feedback | Help | Exit
Review of Scientific Instruments
Search:
   
 
 
 
Previous Article
Spatially resolved scanning probe electron energy spectroscopy for Ag islands on a graphite surface
The scanning probe electron energy spectra for micron-sized Ag islands on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite substrate are measured. One- and two-dimensional relative intensity distributions for Ag or ...
Next Article
High temperature dilatation measurements by in situ laser interferometry under high magnetic field
This article contains a description of a laser interferometer coupled with a furnace for in situ dilatation measurements under high magnetic field. The apparatus fits an 18 T superconducting magnet wi...

An electrical impedance tomography-based approach to monitor in vitro sodium chloride dissolution from pharmaceutical tablets

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103706 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3244087

Published 21 October 2009

You are not logged in to this journal. Log in

Ville Rimpiläinen,1 Lasse M. Heikkinen,1 Marko Kuosmanen,2 Anssi Lehikoinen,1 Arto Voutilainen,1 Marko Vauhkonen,1 and Jarkko Ketolainen2
1Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
2Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
An approach to monitor in vitro dissolution process from pharmaceutical tablets utilizing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is introduced. In the demonstration, a tablet containing sodium chloride (NaCl) was dissolution tested using tap water as a dissolution medium within an apparatus similar to the United States Pharmacopoeia dissolution apparatus II. During the process, the three-dimensional sodium chloride concentration distribution was monitored with EIT measurements as a function of time. For EIT measurements, an array of electrodes was attached on the boundary of the dissolution vessel, a set of alternating electric currents was injected through the electrodes, and the resulting voltages were measured. With these data and by applying mathematical algorithms, an approximation for the spatial/temporal concentration distribution inside the vessel was computed. It was found that the computed distributions were relatively homogeneous. A NaCl release curve was computed by integrating the concentration distribution over the vessel volume, and the final value of the curve matched well with the reference point based on the weight loss of the tablet. Finally, EIT monitoring is suggested to be used for research and product development purposes. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 6 April 2009; accepted 14 September 2009; published 21 October 2009
Permalink: http://link.aip.org/link/?RSINAK/80/103706/1
BUY THIS ARTICLE   (US$24)
Download PDF (362 kB) View Cart

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords
PACS
  • 84.37.+q
    Electric variable measurements
  • 64.75.Bc
    Solubility
  • 82.45.Qr
    Electrodeposition and electrodissolution
  • 02.60.Gf
    Algorithms for functional approximation
  • YEAR: 2009

RELATED DATABASES


To view database links for this article,
you need to log in.
To view database links for this article,
you need to log in.

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:
0034-6748 (print)   1089-7623 (online)
Publisher:
AIP is a member of CrossRef AIP

REFERENCES (24)
View in Separate Window/Tab
For access to fully linked references, you need to log in. For access to fully linked references, you need to Log in.
  1. Dissolution Theory, Methodology, and Testing, edited by A. Palmieri, III (Dissolution Technologies, Hockessin, 2007).
  2. J. Johansson, M. Cauchi, and M. Sundgren, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 29, 469 (2002).
  3. X. Lu, R. Lozano, and P. Shah, Dissolution Technol. 10, 6 (2003).
  4. G. Bai, P. M. Armenante, and R. V. Plank, J. Pharm. Sci. 96, 3072 (2007).
  5. G. Frenning, R. Ek, and M. Strømme, J. Pharm. Sci. 91, 776 (2002).
  6. K. Peeters, R. De Maesschalck, H. Bohets, K. Vanhoutte, and L. Nagels, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 34, 243 (2008).
  7. G. T. Bolton and K. M. Primrose, AAPS PharmSciTech 6, E137 (2005).
  8. G. Boverman, T. -J. Kao, R. Kulkarni, B. S. Kim, D. Isaacson, G. J. Saulnier, and J. C. Newell, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 27, 1439 (2008).
  9. L. M. Heikkinen, J. Kourunen, T. Savolainen, P. J. Vauhkonen, J. P. Kaipio, and M. Vauhkonen, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 2083 (2006).
  10. J. Kourunen, R. Käyhko, J. Matula, J. Käyhko, M. Vauhkonen, and L. M. Heikkinen, Flow Meas. Instrum. 19, 391 (2008).
  11. H. Jin, S. Yang, M. Wang, and R. A. Williams, Flow Meas. Instrum. 18, 191 (2007).
  12. T. York, J. Electron. Imaging 10, 608 (2001).
  13. G. Boverman, B. S. Kim, D. Isaacson, and J. C. Newell, Proceedings on the 29th IEEE EMBS (IEEE, New York, 2007), p. 3462.
  14. J. P. Kaipio and E. Somersalo, Statistical and Computational Inverse Problems (Springer, New York, 2004).
  15. T. Vilhunen, J. P. Kaipio, P. J. Vauhkonen, T. Savolainen, and M. Vauhkonen, Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 1848 (2002).
  16. S. Pohja, E. Suihko, M. Vidgren, P. Paronen, and J. Ketolainen, J. Controlled Release 94, 293 (2004).
  17. O. Korhonen, P. Raatikainen, P. Harjunen, J. Nakari, E. Suihko, M. Vigren, and P. Paronen, Pharm. Res. 17, 1138 (2000).
  18. J. Kourunen, T. Savolainen, A. Lehikoinen, M. Vauhkonen, and L. M. Heikkinen, Meas. Sci. Technol. 20, 015503 (2009).
  19. J. O. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry: An Introduction to an Interdisciplinary Area (Plenum, Rosetta, 1973), Vol. 1.
  20. L. M. Heikkinen, T. Vilhunen, R. M. West, and M. Vauhkonen, Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 1855 (2002).
  21. K. -S. Cheng, D. Isaacson, J. C. Newell, and D. G. Gisser, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36, 918 (1989).
  22. E. Somersalo, M. Cheney, and D. Isaacson, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 52, 1023 (1992).
  23. P. J. Vauhkonen, M. Vauhkonen, T. Savolainen, and J. P. Kaipio, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 46, 1150 (1999).
  24. J. P. Kaipio, V. Kolehmainen, E. Somersalo, and M. Vauhkonen, Inverse Probl. 16, 1487 (2000).

CITING ARTICLES
For access to citing articles, you need to log in.
For access to citing articles, you need to Log in.


Copyright © American Institute of Physics