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Derandomization in Cryptography
SIAM J. Comput. Volume 37, Issue 2, pp. 380-400 (2007)
Published May 16, 2007We give two applications of Nisan–Wigderson-type (NW-type) (“noncryptographic”) pseudorandom generators in cryptography. Specifically, assuming the existence of an appropriate NW-type generator, we construct the following two protocols: (1) a one-message witness-indistinguishable proof system for every language in NP, based on any trapdoor permutation. This proof system does not assume a shared random string or any setup assumption, so it is actually an “NP proof system.” (2) a noninteractive bit-commitment scheme based on any one-way function. The specific NW-type generator we need is a hitting set generator fooling nondeterministic circuits. It is known how to construct such a generator if $E = DTIME(2^{O(n)})$ has a function of nondeterministic circuit complexity $2^{\Omega(n)}$. Our witness-indistinguishable proofs are obtained by using the NW-type generator to derandomize the ZAPs of Dwork and Naor [Proceedings of the 41st Annual ACM Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 2000, pp. 283–293]. To our knowledge, this is the first construction of an NP proof system achieving a secrecy property. Our commitment scheme is obtained by derandomizing the interactive commitment scheme of Naor [J. Cryptology, 4 (1991), pp. 151–158]. Previous constructions of noninteractive commitment schemes were known only under incomparable assumptions.
©2007 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics| History: | Received October 4, 2005; accepted November 16, 2006; published May 16, 2007 |
| Permalink: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/050641958 |




