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Surface modification of monocrystalline zinc oxide induced by high-density electronic excitation

Source: J. Appl. Phys. 110, 124310 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671006

Published 20 December 2011

KEYWORDS and PACS
Keywords
PACS
  • 81.16.-c
    Methods of nanofabrication and processing
  • 68.65.-k
    Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems: structure and nonelectronic properties
  • 71.35.-y
    Excitons and related phenomena
  • 42.62.-b
    Laser applications
  • 78.40.Fy
    Visible and ultraviolet spectra of semiconductors
  • 78.55.Et
    Photoluminescence in II-VI semiconductors
  • YEAR: 2011
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PUBLICATION DATA
ISSN:
1553-9601 (online)
Publisher:
AIP is a member of CrossRef AIP
Luc Museur,1 Alexandra Manousaki,2 Demetrios Anglos,2,3 and Andrei V. Kanaev4
1Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, LPL CNRS, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
2Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas (IESL-FORTH), P.O. Box 1385, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
3Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
4Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, LSPM CNRS, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
Strong modifications of semiconductors can be provoked by high-density electronic excitation. We report on surface structuring of monocrystalline wurtzite O-face (0001) ZnO excited by UV femtosecond laser pulses (248 nm) below the ablation threshold. At fluences above 11 mJ/cm2, nanoholes of D=10 nm diameter appear quasi-periodically separated by a distance ~30 nm (=3 D). Dual-pulse (pump-pump) experiments permit estimation of the electronic excitation lifetime responsible for this nanostructuring, which is in agreement with the electron-hole plasma lifetime 220 ps. The nanostructuring results in a smaller monocrystalline domain of ~0.1 µm size and increases the crystalline interplane c-distance by 0.11%. The excitonic luminescence of the irradiated sample is found to increase by about 10 times. The nanostructuring remains stable in a limited range of laser fluences: above 40 mJ/cm2 the surface melts, which accelerates the photoinduced bonds breaking leading to surface erosion. We tentatively ascribe the related mechanism to the nucleation-growth of cluster vacancies at crystal dislocations accelerated by the non-thermal (electronic) melting of the surface layer. At fluences lower than 11 mJ/cm2, larger volcano-like features of 60-nm diameter were observed. The characteristic crater shape and irregular surface repartition permit their assignment to thermal explosion of impurities due to multiple exciton condensation. ©2011 American Institute of Physics
History: Received 30 June 2011; accepted 16 November 2011; published 20 December 2011
Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671006

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