Full figure (23 kB)Fig. 1. (Color online) A representative frame from the time-lapse movie of the sample motion measured with the stroboscopic time-resolved AFM method. The image is reconstructed from 484 pixels (22×22) which are 10 nm apart. Overall the image covers an area of 220×220 nm2. For the time-lapse movie, see EPAPS. Ref. 7. First citation in article
Full figure (38 kB)Fig. 2. (Color online) Four seconds representative sample of the data stream recorded in the continuous mode. (a) and (b) show the voltages corresponding to the x and y position of the cantilever, respectively. Each voltage step corresponds to 10 nm, and location on the grid can be determined from the voltage levels of the A and B traces. The z-piezo and PSD signal are shown in (c) and (d), respectively. All four channels of time-stamped data are streamed continuously and stored, as the cantilever moves over a virtual grid overlaying the sample. At each transition (marked by arrows), the entire data stream is cut and each segment of data corresponds to the motion of a particular point on the sample. The z-piezo signal contains slow motions and the dc characteristics of the sample, while the PSD shows the rapid motions. First citation in article
Full figure (42 kB)Fig. 3. (Color online) The motion traces of all pixels plotted in contour maps. Two cycles of motion, spanning 2 ms are shown. (a) Traces before phase alignment; (b) traces after the course alignment process. A phase error that is linear with acquisition time remains. The maximum phase error occurs at the last pixel and is 5.5%; (c) traces after application of the frame matching algorithm during the refinement process. The phase error is largely eliminated and the remaining error has a rms value of 0.19%. First citation in article