Applied Physics Letters, 12 March 2007
Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 113108 (2007) (3 pages)
©2007 American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved. 
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Formation of single crystalline ZnO nanotubes without catalysts and templates
Samuel L. Mensah and Vijaya K. Kayastha
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931
Ilia N. Ivanov and David B. Geohegan
Condensed Matter Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
Yoke Khin Yap(a)
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931
(Received: 21 November 2006; accepted: 10 January 2007; published online: 13 March 2007)Oxide and nitride nanotubes have gained attention for their large surface areas, wide energy band gaps, and hydrophilic natures for various innovative applications. These nanotubes were either grown by templates or multistep processes with uncontrollable crystallinity. Here the authors show that single crystal ZnO nanotubes can be directly grown on planar substrates without using catalysts and templates. These results are guided by the theory of nucleation and the vapor-solid crystal growth mechanism, which is applicable for transforming other nanowires or nanorods into nanotubular structures. ©2007 American Institute of Physics
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