The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 126, No. 5, pp. EL117–EL122, November 2009
©2009 Acoustical Society of America. All rights reserved. 
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The use of non-collinear mixing for nonlinear ultrasonic detection of plasticity and fatigue
Anthony J. Croxford,a) Paul D. Wilcox, and Bruce W. Drinkwater
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
Peter B. Nagy
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
(Received: 29 July 2009; accepted: 26 August 2009; published online: 24 September 2009)This letter reports on the application of the non-collinear mixing technique to the ultrasonic measurement of material nonlinearity to assess plasticity and fatigue damage. Non-collinear mixing is potentially more attractive for assessing material state than other nonlinear ultrasonic techniques because system nonlinearities can be both independently measured and largely eliminated. Here, measurements made on a sample after plastic deformation and on a sample subjected to low-cycle fatigue show that the non-collinear technique is indeed capable of measuring changes in both, and is therefore a viable inspection technique for these types of material degradation. ©2009 Acoustical Society of America
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