Journal of Electrochemical Society: All Topics - Current Issue

Co-doping Effect of Ca and N on the Structure and Properties of CuAlO Thin Film

Guobo Dong, Ming Zhang, Tingxian Li, and Hui Yan
Ca-doped CuAlO films were prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. As shown by X-ray diffraction measurements, single-phase hexagonal CuAlCaO is formed for Ca concentrations up to 1.5 atom %. Hall measurements confirm the p-type conduction for all films. The introduction of Ca ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H127 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Microstructural Effects during Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Copper

Patrick J. Andersen, Mariela N. Bentancur, Amy J. Moll, and Megan Frary
Die-stacking schema using through-wafer interconnects require vias to be filled with electroplated Cu, resulting in thick copper films and requiring an aggressive first-step chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). This work investigates the effects of microstructure on CMP of copper films, which ar ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H120 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

The Characteristics of n- and p-Channel Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors with Fully Ni-Salicided S/D and Gate Structure

Po-Yi Kuo, Yan-Syue Huang, Yi-Hsien Lue, Tien-Sheng Chao, and Tan-Fu Lei
n- and p-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors with fully Ni-self-aligned silicided (fully Ni-salicided) source/drain (S/D) and gate structure (n- and p-channel FUSA-TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on a 40 nm thick channel layer. The conventional poly-Si gate is replaced by the fully Ni-sil ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H113 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Effect of Free Radical Activation for Low Temperature Si to Si Wafer Bonding

K. Y. Byun, I. Ferain, and C. Colinge
In this study, a comparison of different surface treatments for direct Si to Si wafer bonding is reported. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si wafers have been exposed to a range of pretreatments, involving oxygen and nitrogen radical activation before in situ wafer bonding in vacuum. After low temperatu ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H109 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Strain Stability and Carrier Mobility Enhancement in Strained Si on Relaxed SiGe-on-Insulator

Xiaobo Ma, Weili Liu, Xuyan Liu, Xiaofeng Du, Zhitang Song et al.
A low thermal budget process to fabricate strained Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on a strain-relaxed silicongermanium-on-insulator (SGOI) by strain engineering is described. The strain stability in the top strained Si is studied after low temperature oxidation, ion ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H104 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Selenium: A Nonprecious Metal Cathode Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Kiera A. Kurak and Alfred B. Anderson
From voltammetric studies, trigonal phase selenium (t-Se) nanotubes, which are bundles of hexagonally packed helical chains of Se atoms, have been shown by others to be stable in acid and have a double-layer region extending from 0.2 (standard hydrogen electrode) to 0.75 V. This is broader than the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B173 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.

Effects of Ion Irradiation on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Kevin M. Crabb, Joon Seok Park, Cheng-Chieh Chao, and Fritz B. Prinz
In this paper, the effects of ion irradiation at the cathodeelectrolyte interface of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are studied. In particular, the currentvoltage performance is studied as a function of irradiation energy for both xenon and sodium ions at a dose of 1 x 10 ions/cm. Impedance spectro ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B166 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Crystal Structure, Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, and Conductivity of Mixed IonicElectronic Conducting Perovskite Composites with CeO

E. Konysheva, S. M. Francis, and J. T. S. Irvine
Conductivity, structure, and oxygen nonstoichiometry of compositions in the following series (100x) LaSrCoOxCeO (LSCCe) and (100x) LaSrMnOxCeO (LSMCe), where x=0, 2, 5, and 10 mol %, are studied. CeO has a low solubility limit in the rhombohedral structure. Compositions containing more than 2 mol ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B159 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Grain Growth Enhancement and Ga Distribution of Cu(InGa)Se Film Using CuSe Layer on CuInGa Metal Precursor

Min Sik Kim, R. B. V. Chalapathy, Kyung Hoon Yoon, and Byung Tae Ahn
A precursor layer for Cu(InGa)Se (CIGS) was deposited by simultaneous sputtering of CuIn and CuGa and subsequent sputtering of CuSe. The CuSe/metal alloy-stacked precursor was selenized at 550 degrees C in a Se vapor atmosphere to grow a CIGS film. The thickness of the CuSe layer was varied to contr ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B154 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Photocatalytically Generated Bimetallic (PtAu/CTiO) Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Applications

Norma R. de Tacconi, Krishnan Rajeshwar, Wilaiwan Chanmanee, Vinodh Valluri, Wesley A. Wampler et al.
Heterogeneous photocatalysis was used to prepare bimetallic PtAu modified carbonTiO matrices for use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. These new generation electrocatalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analyses, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoel ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B147 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Mixed Oxide Ion and Hole Conductivity in PrNiCuGaO Membrane

Tatsumi Ishihara, Nuansaeng Sirikanda, Kenichi Nakashima, Shogo Miyoshi, and Hiroshige Matsumoto
The mixed conductivity and oxygen permeation properties of Pr-deficient PrNiCuMO (M=In,Ga,Al,Ni) were investigated. Among the dopants studied, the Ga-doped membrane was a superior mixed conductor, and it exhibited a high oxygen permeation rate compared with that of the other compositions. Examinatio ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B141 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Modeling and Investigation of Carbon Loss on the Cathode Electrode during PEMFC Operation

Norimitsu Takeuchi and Thomas F. Fuller
Severe carbon loss phenomena, such as partial hydrogen starvation and start-up, have been investigated in previous works. Even for short times, these acute situations can be fatal, and some methods have been suggested to mitigate carbon oxidation and improve proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B135 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.

Suppressed Carbon Deposition Behavior in Nickel/Yittria-Stablized Zirconia Anode with SrZrYO in Dry Methane Fuel

Yongcheng Jin, Hiroyuki Yasutake, Keiji Yamahara, and Manabu Ihara
The distribution of carbon deposition on the cross section of a nickel/yittria-stablized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) anode after an accelerated degradation test in dry methane was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray. The area near the anode top surface side w ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B130 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Evaluation of Metal Supported Ceria Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fabricated by Wet Powder Spray and Sintering

Naoki Oishi and Yeong Yoo
A ceria based solid oxide fuel cell was fabricated onto a porous stainless steel support by sintering process. The metal supported cell was composed of a porous AISI430 support, a NiCeYO anode, a CeGdO electrolyte, and a LaSrCoFeO cathode. A cell was tested at 600 degrees C for up to 2700 h on humid ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B125 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Development of a Durable PEMFC Start-Up Process by Applying a Dummy Load

Jae Hong Kim, Eun Ae Cho, Jong Hyun Jang, Hyoung Juhn Kim, Tae Hoon Lim et al.
To investigate the effect of an application of a dummy load during the start-up procedure on the degradations of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) exposed to the 1200 repetitive start-upshutdown cycling, this paper uses a variety of physicochemical methods such as online CO analysis, field-emissio ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B118 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Pore Formation by In Situ Etching of Nanorod PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

M. D. Gasda, G. A. Eisman, and D. Gall
Layers of 150 nm wide and 0.51.5 [mu]m long carbon nanorods were grown by glancing angle deposition on Si substrates, sputter-coated with 0.10 mg/cm Pt, and transferred to polymer electrolyte membranes for testing as cathode electrodes in fuel cells. The rods were etched within fully assembled cel ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B113 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Effects of Cathode Inlet Relative Humidity on PEMFC Durability during StartupShutdown Cycling

Jae Hong Kim, Eun Ae Cho, Jong Hyun Jang, Hyoung Juhn Kim, Tae Hoon Lim et al.
This work investigated the effect of cathode inlet relative humidity (RH) on the durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) during startupshutdown cycling via single-cell experiments. Electrochemical techniques, including measurements of polarization curves, electrochemical impedance ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B104 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Externally Doped Sulfonated Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites

Yen-Wen Lin, Hao-Hsiang Chang, Yu-Shan Liu, Ming-Chien Tsai, Yu-Chen Tsai et al.
The externally doped sulfonated polyaniline (ED-SPANI) has emerged as a potential candidate for electrochemical sensors because of its unique electroactive property and water solubility. However, the lower conductivity is the major drawback for the application of ED-SPANI. Thus, this study describes ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, K15 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Selective-Area Atomic Layer Deposition Using Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a Passivation Layer

Elina Farm, Marianna Kemell, Eero Santala, Mikko Ritala, and Markku Leskela
Selective-area atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) films as growth-preventing mask layers. The PVP films were prepared by spin coating and patterned by UV lithography. The PVP films were tested in several ALD processes: iridium, platinum, ruthenium, AlO, and ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, K10 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Organized Mesoporous TiO Films Stabilized by Phosphorus: Application for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Marketa Zukalova, Jan Prochazka, Arnost Zukal, Jun Ho Yum, Ladislav Kavan et al.
A synthetic protocol was developed for the preparation of thin mesoporous TiO films with enhanced thermal stability. This objective was achieved by a modification of the procedure of supramolecular templating by a Pluronic P-123 copolymer by an addition of a small amount of phosphoric acid to the pr ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H99 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Characterization of Nanometer-Scale Gap Formation

Donovan Lee, Helen Tran, and Tsu-Jae King Liu
The capability of forming nanometer-scale gaps (nanogaps) in a controllable manner is needed for the manufacture of future nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, a method for characterizing the formation of nanogaps by lateral etching of a sacrificial layer is presented. This method is used to study ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H94 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Effects of Poor Solvent for Solution-Processing Passivation of Organic Field Effect Transistors

Sooji Nam, Dae Sung Chung, Jaeyoung Jang, Se Hyun Kim, Chanwoo Yang et al.
For the solution-processing passivation of organic field effect transistors (OFETs), the effects of the solvent on the structure and morphology of solution-processed semiconductors containing bulky triisopropylsilylethynyl groups were investigated by using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microsco ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H90 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Green Light-Emitting Diodes on Semipolar {11[overline 2]2} Microfacets Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy

Chu-Young Cho, Sang-Heon Han, Sang-Jun Lee, Seung-Chul Park, and Seong-Ju Park
We report on the properties of green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on semipolar {11[overline 2]2} microfacets grown by selective area epitaxy. The green LEDs were realized by growing InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the semipolar {11[overline 2]2} side facets of triangular n-GaN arrays. Exc ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H86 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Investigation on Silicon on Insulator Fabricated by Separation by Implanted Oxygen Layer Transfer

Xing Wei, Aimin Wu, Xiang Wang, Xianyuan Li, Fei Ye et al.
In this paper, two approaches combining the separation by implanted oxygen layer transfer (SLT) process with Si epitaxy are proposed to fabricate a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Spectroscopic ellipsometry indicates that SOI wafers with the top Si layers of 1491.4614.9 and 1476.4418.5 nm are obt ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H81 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Silane Decomposition on Cu Interconnects Inhibited by Ammonia

E. Todd Ryan, Steven Molis, and Alfred Grill
The rate of copper silicidation by silane was studied in the presence of varying concentrations of ammonia. The presence of ammonia slowed the rate of silicidation, and the effect quickly saturated as the ammonia concentration was increased. Silane is conventionally used for the chemical vapor depos ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H78 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Increase in the Adsorption Density of Anionic Molecules on Ceria for Defect-Free STI CMP

Ye-Hwan Kim, Sang-Kyun Kim, Jea-Gun Park, and Ungyu Paik
We have investigated the adsorption density of anionic molecules on a ceria surface and its effect on suppressing defects on the SiO films during shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Intermolecular vacancies in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) caused by ionic repul ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H72 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Fullerene and Pentacene as a Pure Organic Connecting Layer in Tandem Organic Light Emitting Devices

M. V. Madhava Rao, Tsung-Syun Huang, Yan-Kuin Su, and Yen-Tang Huang
A nondoped organic system of fullerene (C60)/pentacene was investigated as a connecting unit for green electroluminescent tandem organic light emitting devices with two identical emissive units consisting of (N,N-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-diphthalbenzidine)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) (Alq) tha ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H69 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Orientation Dependence of Semiconductor Properties in Anatase TiO Polycrystalline Aggregates

Mamiko Kawakita, Jin Kawakita, Yoshio Sakka, and Tadashi Shinohara
We investigated the effects of the crystalline orientation of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO) polycrystalline fine aggregates on semiconductor properties such as flatband potential and donor density, which affect performance in applications to dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysis. Aggregates ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H65 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Enhanced Performance of MOCVD ZnO TFTs on Glass Substrates with Nitrogen-Rich Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectric

K. Remashan, Y. S. Choi, S. J. Park, and J. H. Jang
Thin-film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrates were fabricated using ZnO, grown by a metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique, with N- and Si-rich silicon nitrides as gate dielectrics. This is a report on MOCVD-grown ZnO TFTs that use silicon nitride as gate dielectrics. The ZnO T ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H60 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Flake-Shaped ZnO Nanoparticles

M. Verde, A. C. Caballero, Y. Iglesias, M. Villegas, and B. Ferrari
ZnO films have been grown on different substrates by using a variety of fabrication techniques. In the present work, we discuss the results on the preparation of ZnO films by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) starting from synthetic flake-shaped nanoparticles. The critical parameters related to the p ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H55 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Optical Properties of Blue-Emitting CeSiAlON for White Light-Emitting Diodes

Lihong Liu, Rong-Jun Xie, Naoto Hirosaki, Takashi Takeda, Chen-ning Zhang et al.
In this work, blue-emitting CeSiAlON (0.3<=z<=2.5,0.5<=x<=2.5) phosphors were synthesized by firing powder mixtures of alpha-SiN, AlN, AlO, and CeO at 1950 degrees C for 2 h under 1.0 MPa N. The resultant phosphors were characterized by phase identification, diffuse reflectance spectra, photolumines ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H50 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Photoluminescence Properties of Anodic Si Layers Formed in HF/Oxidant Electrolytes

Yan Kai Xu and Sadao Adachi
Anodic layers are formed on p-Si substrates by etching in a HF/MnO or a HF/I mixed solution. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image on the HF/MnO-formed layer reveals that the sample has a double-layered [highly resistive top/porous Si (PSi)-like bottom] structure, while the HF/I-formed surfac ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H44 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Improved Poly Gate Engineering for 65 nm Low Power CMOS Technology

Chan-Yuan Hu, Jone F. Chen, Shih-Chih Chen, Shoou-Jinn Chang, Chih-Ping Lee et al.
A design for the polycrystalline gate is developed for 65 nm low power complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Using the poly deposition, a less poly depletion effect and a decrease in the electrical gate dielectric thickness (T) can be obtained. Also, the poly deposition success ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H38 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

A Numerical Study of Thermal and Electrical Effects in a Vertical LED Chip

Farn-Shiun Hwu, Jyh-Chen Chen, Sheng-Han Tu, Gwo-Jiun Sheu, Hsueh-I Chen et al.
The influence of the size of an n-electrode and a current blocking layer (CBL) on the thermal and electrical characteristics of a vertical-injection GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) chip is investigated by numerical simulation. The predicted forward voltages are quite consistent with previous ex ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H31 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Ge Epitaxial Growth on GaAs Substrates for Application to Ge-Source/Drain GaAs MOSFETs

Guang-Li Luo, Zong-You Han, Chao-Hsin Chien, Chih-Hsin Ko, Clement H. Wann et al.
Ge films were epitaxially grown on GaAs(100) substrates and GaInAs(100) virtual substrates using an ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition system. The incubation time of Ge growth depends on Ga(In)As surfaces that were processed by different wet chemical solutions. Growth behaviors, such as isla ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H27 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Asymmetric Negative Bias Temperature Instability Degradation of Poly-Si TFTs under Static Stress

Chi-Feng Weng, Ting-Chang Chang, Fu-Yen Jian, Shih-Ching Chen, Jin Lu et al.
This work investigates the asymmetric negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation of poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs). Electric measurements of normal and reverse modes are employed to analyze degradation of threshold voltage, current, leakage current, and subthreshold swing. The re ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H22 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

High Quality Ge Virtual Substrates on Si Wafers with Standard STI Patterning

R. Loo, G. Wang, L. Souriau, J. C. Lin, S. Takeuchi et al.
Further improving complementary metal oxide semiconductor performance beyond the 22 nm generation likely requires the use of high mobility channel materials, such as Ge for p-type metal oxide semiconductor (pMOS) and III/V for n-type metal oxide semiconductor devices. The complementary integration o ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H13 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Impact of Precursor Chemistry and Process Conditions on the Scalability of ALD HfO Gate Dielectrics

Johan Swerts, Nick Peys, Laura Nyns, Annelies Delabie, Alexis Franquet et al.
The downscaling of high-k/metal gate transistor devices requires thin-film deposition processes that deliver not only an outstanding high-k oxide quality, but also a strict interfacial oxide thickness control in the sub-1 nm thickness range. To study the impact of atomic layer deposition (ALD) proce ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G26 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.

Dielectric Response of TaO, NbO, and NbTaO from First-Principles Investigations

S. Clima, G. Pourtois, A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M. K. Van Bael et al.
High-kappa dielectrics are intensively investigated as a replacement for SiO in integrated nanoelectronics. In particular, for the next generation of dynamic random access memory metalinsulatormetal capacitors, the Ta- and Nb-based oxides are among the most interesting candidates that display a rela ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G20 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Properties of Ultrathin High Permittivity (NbTa)O Films Prepared by Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition

A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, D. Dewulf, S. Clima, N. Peys et al.
Ultrathin (NbTa)O films, with thicknesses from ~3 to ~25 nm, were deposited by chemical solution deposition starting from aqueous precursor solutions. The film's dielectric properties were characterized by capacitancevoltage and currentvoltage measurements. Permittivities ranged from 20 to 31 aft ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G13 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Chronopotentiometric Investigation of Borohydride Oxidation at a Gold Electrode

D. M. F. Santos and C. A. C. Sequeira
Sodium borohydride (NaBH) presents interesting options for electrochemical power generation acting either as a hydrogen source or an anodic fuel for direct borohydride fuel cells. Though there have been several papers concerning electrochemical determination of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic par ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, F16 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

DME Dissociation Reaction on Platinum Electrode Surface: A Quantitative Kinetic Analysis by In Situ IR Spectroscopy

Yi Zhang, Yujin Tong, Leilei Lu, Masatoshi Osawa, and Shen Ye
The kinetics of electrocatalytic dissociation reaction of dimethyl ether (DME) on a platinum (Pt) polycrystalline electrode in an acidic solution yielding carbon monoxide (CO) has been quantitatively analyzed by in situ IR spectroscopy in the potential region between 100 and 500 mV (vs reversible hy ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, F10 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Materials Engineering for Future Interconnects: Catalyst-Free Electroless Cu Deposition on Self-Assembled Monolayer Alternative Barriers

S. Armini and A. Maestre Caro
An alternative bottom-up Cu electroless deposition (ELD) method without other catalyst material activation is the focus of this paper. The process consists of reducing the Cu ions in a solution via standard reducing agents such as dimethylamine borane. The reaction pH and ionic strength values can b ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D74 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Anisotropic Deposition of Localized Electroless Nickel for Preferential Bridge Connection

Tokihiko Yokoshima, Yasuhiro Yamaji, Katsuya Kikuchi, Hiroshi Nakagawa, and Masahiro Aoyagi
Preferential bridge connection by localized electroless NiB deposition was investigated. The phenomenon of bridge formation by so-called extraneous deposition was utilized as a technique to perform the selective deposition of NiB on organic surfaces. The films used for bridging were preferentially d ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D65 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Formation of Hexagonal Pyramids and Pits on V-/VI-Polar and III-/II-Polar GaN/ZnO Surfaces by Wet Etching

Seung-Cheol Han, Jae-Kwan Kim, Jun Young Kim, Kyoung-Kook Kim, H. Tampo et al.
The etching characteristics and evolution of the surface morphology of ZnO and GaN thin films during wet chemical etching were investigated. While the ZnO etch rates using acidic solutions were similar, regardless of etchant or polarity, the etch rate of the Ga-polar GaN surface was dependent on the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D60 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.

Ordering and Disordering of Macropores Formed in Prepatterned p-Type Silicon

Haruaki Okayama, Kazuhiro Fukami, Rodica Plugaru, Tetsuo Sakka, and Yukio H. Ogata
Macropore formation in prepatterned p-type silicon was conducted. Pre-etch pits with 4 x 4 and 1 x 1 [mu]m were prepared before anodization of silicon. Using the prepatterned silicon, the effect of applied current density on the ordering of macropores was investigated. The pattern size and the curr ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D54 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Electrodeposition of NiP AlloyMultiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

Yosuke Suzuki, Susumu Arai, and Morinobu Endo
NiP alloymultiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films were fabricated by an electrodeposition technique, and their microstructure, hardness, and frictional properties were analyzed. NiP alloyMWCNT composite films containing 2022 atom % P and 0.71.2 mass % MWCNTs were electrodeposited from a c ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D50 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Electroless Gold Plating on Aluminum Patterned Chips for CMOS-Based Sensor Applications

Jung Woo Ko, Hyo Chol Koo, Dong Wan Kim, Sung Min Seo, Tae June Kang et al.
We presented an approach for the activation of aluminum (Al) alloy using palladium (Pd) and the subsequent gold (Au) electroless plating (ELP) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based sensor applications. In this study, CMOS process compatible Al patterned chips were used as substrat ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D46 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Thermal Stability of Acrylic/Methacrylic Sacrificial Copolymers Fabricated by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition

Gozde Ozaydin-Ince and Karen K. Gleason
The integration of air gaps in integrated circuits as low-k materials can be achieved by the incorporation of sacrificial materials. In this work, a detailed study of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [p(EGDA-co-EGDMA)] copolymer and poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D41 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

High Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Ruthenium from N,N-Dimethyl-1-ruthenocenylethylamine

Kaupo Kukli, Mikko Ritala, Marianna Kemell, and Markku Leskela
Ruthenium thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition from N,N-dimethyl-1-ruthenocenylethylamine precursor. The growth was examined in the substrate temperature range of 325500 degrees C. The growth rate increased with the substrate temperature but was quite stable between 400 and 450 degrees C ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D35 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Effect of Phosphorus and Carbon Incorporation in Amorphous Cobalt Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Lucas B. Henderson and John G. Ekerdt
Thin (~25 to 65 nm) films of amorphous cobaltphosphorus alloys are grown on SiO by chemical vapor deposition from dicobaltoctacarbonyl and trimethylphosphine at 250, 300, and 350 degrees C. Films incorporate C as an impurity, as both carbidic and graphitic C; Co and P, however, do not form phosphide ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D29 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Infinite Etch Selectivity during Etching of SiON with an Extreme Ultraviolet Resist Pattern in Dual-Frequency Capacitively Coupled Plasmas

B. S. Kwon, J. S. Kim, N.-E. Lee, and S. K. Lee
We investigated the processing window for the etch selectivity of silicon oxynitride (SiON) layers to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists and the variation in line edge roughness of EUV resists during etching of SiON/EUV resist structures in a dual-frequency superimposed capacitively coupled plasma et ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D21 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Structure, Electrical Properties, and Surface Reactivity of CVD-Made Functional Complex Oxides

Naoufal Bahlawane, Patrick Herve Tchoua Ngamou, and Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus
The growth of pure-phase perovskites and spinels is reported using pulsed-spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Besides the near-bulk properties of 250 nm thick perovskites, an unusual surface confinement of charge transport was observed in ultrathin, <10 nm, polycrystalline LaCoO film ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D16 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

High Quality Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Co Using Ammonia Gas as a Reactant

Han-Bo-Ram Lee, Woo-Hee Kim, Jeong Won Lee, Jae-Min Kim, Kwang Heo et al.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) Co was developed using bis(N,N-diisopropylacetamidinato)cobalt(II) as a precursor and NH as a reactant, producing pure Co thin films with excellent conformality and nanoscale thickness controllability. In addition to NH, the Co films were also deposited by using H gas a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D10 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Use of Coupled Multielectrode Arrays to Elucidate the pH Dependence of Copper Pitting in Potable Water

Hongbo Cong and John R. Scully
Natural pitting was investigated using coupled multielectrode arrays (CMEAs) constructed from flush mounted, close-packed UNS C11000 copper wires exposed in chlorinated and aerated Edwards synthetic drinking waters (ESDWs) [J. C. Rushing and M. Edwards, Corros. Sci., 46, 3069 (2004)]. Tests were con ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C36 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Corrosion of Cu under Highly Corrosive Environments

K. Demirkan, G. E. Derkits, Jr., D. A. Fleming, J. P. Franey, K. Hannigan et al.
Cu corrosion in mixed flowing gases (MFG) has been widely studied. However, most of these studies have been carried out using conditions which were designed for accelerated tests simulating North America and Western Europe. More and more equipment are being deployed to emerging markets such as Asia ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C30 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.

Corrosion Behavior of Copper Thin Films in Organic HF-Containing Cleaning Solution for Semiconductor Applications

Nabil G. Mistkawi, Makarem A. Hussein, Malgorzata Ziomek-Moroz, and Shankar B. Rananavare
The corrosion behavior of electrochemically deposited copper thin films in deaerated and non-deaerated commercial cleaning solutions containing HF was investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were carried out to determine active, activepassive, passive, and transpassive regions. Corros ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C24 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Influence of Water Content on the Growth of Anodic TiO Nanotubes in Fluoride-Containing Ethylene Glycol Electrolytes

Steffen Berger, Julia Kunze, Patrik Schmuki, Anna T. Valota, Darren J. LeClere et al.
The effect of water additions, from 0 to 50 vol %, to an ammonium fluoride/ethylene glycol electrolyte on the composition and morphology of titania-based nanotubes was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and nuclear reaction anal ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C18 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Electrochemical Synthesis of CuIn(Se,S) Layer for Thin-Film Solar Cell with a Superstrate Configuration

Shigeru Ikeda, Ryo Kamai, Tetsuro Yagi, and Michio Matsumura
Copper indium diselenide (CuInSe) thin films were grown on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate covered with a thin layer of cadmium sulfide (CdS) by an electrodeposition method. The annealing of the films in a sulfur atmosphere resulted in a partial replacement of selenium with sulfur t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B99 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of AC Impedance on the Cathode Side of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Xian Wang, Kah Chun Lau, C. Heath Turner, and Brett I. Dunlap
A kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the oxygen reduction reaction and frequency response at the cathode of a 9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia fuel cell, using an asymmetrical cell scheme. To investigate the frequency-response characteristics, ac electrochemical impedance spectra h ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B90 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Direct Glucose Fuel Cell: Noble Metal Catalyst Anode Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell with Glucose Fuel

Christopher A. Apblett, David Ingersoll, Sarang Sarangapani, Michael Kelly, and Plamen Atanassov
A 1 cm constant flow glucose-oxygen fuel cell has been demonstrated using noble metal catalysis. The fuel cell is based on PtRuO anode catalysts and Pt cathode. Operation of this cell under various concentrations of glucose has revealed the presence of a region of the polarization curve in which ad ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B86 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Characterization of Interfacial Structure in PEFCs: Water Storage and Contact Resistance Model

Tushar Swamy, E. C. Kumbur, and M. M. Mench
In this work, an analytical model of the microporous layer (MPL) and the catalyst layer (CL) interface under compression is developed to investigate the effects of the MPL|CL interfacial morphology on the ohmic and mass transport losses at the MPL|CL interface in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEF ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B77 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Sputter-Deposited Pt/CrN Nanoparticle PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes: Limited Proton Conductivity Through Electrode Dewetting

M. D. Gasda, G. A. Eisman, and D. Gall
Platinum-coated chromium nitride electrodes are deposited onto gas diffusion layers by normal and glancing angle deposition and are tested as cathodes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the CrN forms 111-oriented nanoparticles ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B71 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Interpretation of Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrochemical Impedance Spectra

Timothy P. Holme, Rojana Pornprasertsuk, and Fritz B. Prinz
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed on low temperature solid oxide fuel cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes and different electrode materials and morphologies. Three loops are seen in a Nyquist plot; the high frequency loop is attributed to the electrolyte and series ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B64 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism on Non-Platinum Catalysts Derived from Pyrolyzed Porphyrins

Tim S. Olson, Svitlana Pylypenko, Julia E. Fulghum, and Plamen Atanassov
A study on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism that occurs on non-platinum electrocatalysts, specifically materials derived from pyrolyzed cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin in acidic media, is presented here. Reactant and product flux analysis is performed on rotating ring-disk electrode ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B54 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

In Situ Measurements of Water Vapor Partial Pressure and Temperature Dynamics in a PEM Fuel Cell

Ritobrata Sur, Thomas J. Boucher, Michael W. Renfro, and Baki M. Cetegen
A fast in situ sensor was developed for detection of water vapor partial pressure and temperature simultaneously in the flow channels of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Utilizing tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, this technique determined the ratio o ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B45 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Pulse Electrodepositions of PtRu on Large-Area Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancement of Methanol Electro-Oxidation

Yi-Fan Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hsieh, Pu-Wei Wu, Chen-Hong Liao, and Yun-Min Chang
We employed an electroless deposition technique to prepare Ni seeds uniformly on a carbon cloth, followed by carbon nanotube (CNT) formation at an elevated temperature. Subsequently, a pulse electrodeposition was used to impregnate PtRu nanoparticles on the CNT structure. Similar procedures were per ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B39 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Observations of Transient Flooding in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Time-Resolved Neutron Radiography

M. A. Hickner, N. P. Siegel, K. S. Chen, D. S. Hussey, and D. L. Jacobson
The generation and transport of water in both liquid and gas phases during device operation are important areas to understand both steady state and transient performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Localized concentrations of liquid water within the cell can cause flooding, which leads t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B32 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Mediation at High Potentials for the Reduction of Oxygen to Water by Cobalt PorphyrinQuinone Systems in Porous Aerogel Carbon Electrodes

L. Elbaz, E. Korin, L. Soifer, and A. Bettelheim
Reduced p-, m-, and o-benzoquinones: hydroquinone (HQ), resorcinol (Res), and catechol (Cat), undergo irreversible monolayer adsorption in aerogel carbon (AEC) electrodes with rates of 1.7 x 10, 7.1 x 10, and 1.4 x 10 s for HQ, Res, and Cat, respectively. The adsorbed species showed electrochemical ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B27 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009.

The Multiprocess Degradation of PEMFC Performance Due to Sulfur Dioxide Contamination and Its Recovery

Y. Zhai, G. Bender, S. Dorn, and R. Rocheleau
The effects of trace concentrations of SO contaminant present in the cathode feed stream on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance are studied. Contaminant concentrations of 1, 2, and 10 ppm were exposed to the cell applying a total dosage of 160 [mu]mol of SO at 80 degrees C and a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B20 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Zinc Anode for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

D. M. F. Santos and C. A. C. Sequeira
Zinc is evaluated as a negative electrode for the direct electrochemical oxidation of sodium borohydride (NaBH). Open-circuit potential measurements, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are used to characterize the electrode behavior, namely, the oxidation reaction at the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B13 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Platinum-Alloy Cathode Catalyst Degradation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Nanometer-Scale Compositional and Morphological Changes

Shuo Chen, Hubert A. Gasteiger, Katsuichiro Hayakawa, Tomoyuki Tada, and Yang Shao-Horn
Electrochemical measurements showed an [approximate]75% Pt surface area loss and an [approximate]40% specific activity loss for a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cathode with acid-treated PtCo catalyst particles in a H/N proton exchange membrane fuel cell after 24 h voltage cycling between 0.65 a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A82 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.

Enhanced Stability of LiCoO Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Surface Modification by Atomic Layer Deposition

Yoon Seok Jung, Andrew S. Cavanagh, Anne C. Dillon, Markus D. Groner, Steven M. George et al.
Ultrathin atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies have demonstrated that LiCoO cathode powders coated with metal oxides with thicknesses of ~100 to 1000 A grown using wet chemical techniques improved LIB performance. In this s ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A75 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Application of the N-propyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide RTIL Containing Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in Ionic Liquid Based Lithium Batteries

Anand I. Bhatt, Adam S. Best, Junhua Huang, and Anthony F. Hollenkamp
In seeking to develop ionic liquid based electrolytes for use in lithium metal batteries, we present an investigation of the electrochemical properties of N-propyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide at Ni, Pt, and Li electrodes by cyclic voltammetry, ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A66 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Electrochemical Insertion of Li and Na Ions into Nanocrystalline FeO and alpha-FeO for Rechargeable Batteries

Shinichi Komaba, Takashi Mikumo, Naoaki Yabuuchi, Atsushi Ogata, Hiromi Yoshida et al.
FeO powders with different particle sizes on average (400, 100, and 10 nm) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. To examine the electrochemical activity of FeO in relation to the particle size eff ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A60 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.

Enhancing Lithium Storage Capacity of ZnO Anodes Through NiZnC Incorporation

Xudong Tang, Qinmin Pan, and Jia Liu
In this study, lithium storage capacity of ZnO anodes was significantly enhanced by NiZnC incorporation. A core-shell ZnONiZnCC nanocomposite was synthesized through a simple thermal decomposition of Zn/Ni-based organic precursors, and the structural and electrochemical characteristics of the compos ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A55 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

A Solid-State, Rechargeable, Long Cycle Life LithiumAir Battery

Binod Kumar, Jitendra Kumar, Robert Leese, Joseph P. Fellner, Stanley J. Rodrigues et al.
This paper describes a totally solid-state, rechargeable, long cycle life lithiumoxygen battery cell. The cell is comprised of a Li metal anode, a highly Li-ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane laminate fabricated from glassceramic (GC) and polymerceramic materials, and a solid-state composite ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A50 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Electrochemical Characteristics of TiSb and Sb/TiC/C Nanocomposites as Anodes for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries

Cheol-Min Park and Hun-Joon Sohn
Intermetallic TiSb and Sb/TiC/C nanocomposites were prepared by alloying and dealloying reactions, respectively, and their potential as anode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries was investigated. The Sb/TiC/C nanocomposite was composed of nanocrystalline Sb and TiC, which were distributed un ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A46 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009.

Composite Silicon Nanowire Anodes for Secondary Lithium-Ion Cells

Wanli Xu and John C. Flake
A composite anode with active materials including 15% (w/w) silicon nanowires and graphite is demonstrated for use in secondary lithium-ion cells. The electrochemical behavior of the composite anode including voltammetry and charge/discharge capacities over the first 15 cycles is shown and compared ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A41 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Preparation and Capacitive Properties of a Carbonaceous Material Containing Nitrogen

Masayuki Kawaguchi, Takeshi Yamanaka, Yoshiki Hayashi, and Hirokazu Oda
Carbonaceous materials containing nitrogen (C/N materials) were prepared by pyrolysis of diaminomaleonitrile (AMN). A C/N material prepared by the pyrolysis of AMN at 1020 K (AMN1020K) had a C/N atomic ratio of 2.0 and a noncrystalline carbonaceous structure with a Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A35 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Positive Effects of E-Beam Irradiation in Inorganic Particle Based Separators for Lithium-Ion Battery

Min Kim, Jun-Young Shon, Young Chang Nho, Tae-Woo Lee, and Jong Hyeok Park
An inorganic separator was prepared by coating inorganic submicrometer sized particles on a nonwoven matrix followed by an E-beam irradiation treatment. Its characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, tensile strength analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, ionic conductivity me ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A31 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Kinetics of Electrochemical Insertion and Extraction of Lithium Ion at SiO

Yuki Yamada, Yasutoshi Iriyama, Takeshi Abe, and Zempachi Ogumi
The kinetics of the electrochemical insertion and extraction of lithium ion at silicon monoxide (SiO) were investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. The resultant Nyquist plots showed two semicircles at high and middle frequency regions. These two semicircles were attributed to lithium-ion transpor ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A26 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Oxidation Resistance of Bare and Pt-Coated Electrically Conducting Diamond Powder as Assessed by Thermogravimetric Analysis

Liang Guo, Vernon M. Swope, Belabbes Merzougui, Lesia Protsailo, Minhua Shao et al.
A corrosion-resistant electrocatalyst support was prepared by overcoating high surface-area diamond powder (36 nm diameter, 250 m/g) with a thin layer of boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (B-UNCD) by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. This core-shell approach produces elec ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A19 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Phytic Acid-Based Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Fabrication of Mesoporous Gold Film and Its Biosensor Application

Yao Wang, Xiaoling Ma, Ying Wen, Yaqing Zheng, Guoping Duan et al.
Phytic acid was introduced as a binder to construct a controllable structure at an electrode surface. In this paper, phytic acid and gold nanoparticles were assembled onto the surface of a gold electrode layer-by-layer to form a three-dimensional mesoporous gold interface. Then, a high sensitive hor ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, K5 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Growth of ZnSeTe Nanotips and the Fabrication of ZnSeTe Nanotip-Based Photodetector

S. J. Chang, C. H. Hsiao, S. C. Hung, S. H. Chih, B. W. Lan et al.
We reported the growth of high density ternary ZnSeTe nanotips on oxidized Si(100) substrate and the fabrication of the ZnSeTe nanotip-based photodetector. The as-grown ZnSeTe nanotips exhibited a mixture of cubic zinc blende and hexagonal wurtzite structures. The average length of the ZnSeTe nanoti ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, K1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Fluorine Incorporation and Thermal Treatment on Single and Stacked SiN Membranes for ISFET/REFET Application

Chao-Sung Lai, Cheng-En Lue, Chia-Ming Yang, and Dorota G. Pijanowska
In this study, SiN-electrolyte insulator semiconductor structures based on single (SiN) and stacked (SiO/SiN) layers were investigated. A difference in pH sensitivity between these two structures of 9.92.0 mV/pH was observed, and this result could be applied to build an ion-sensitive field-effect t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, J8 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Increasing the Luminescent Quantum Yield of CdS Nanoparticles Having Broadband Emission

Lauren E. Shea-Rohwer, James E. Martin, and David F. Kelley
Studies of the quantum yield (QY) of CdS quantum dots (QDs) with broadband luminescence are presented. These QDs are synthesized using the classic inverse micelle method employing the surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt in heptane. Previous studies have shown that the QY of these materials ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, J1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Effects of Postdeposition Annealing in Argon Ambient on Metallorganic Decomposed CeO Gate Spin Coated on Silicon

H. J. Quah, K. Y. Cheong, Z. Hassan, Z. Lockman, F. A. Jasni et al.
Cerium oxide (CeO) solution was prepared by cerium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate, methanol, and acetic acid as the starting materials via the metallorganic decomposition (MOD) method. Postdeposition annealing was performed onto the MOD-derived CeO films deposited onto n-type Si substrates at differen ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H6 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Fabrication of a Uniform Low Temperature Poly-Si TFT Array by Optimized Field Aided Lateral Crystallization

Jae Hoon Jung, Kwang Jin Lee, Duck Kyun Choi, Ji Hoon Shin, Jung Sun You et al.
In this study, a 2 in. Ni field aided lateral crystallization (FALC) poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) (120 x 240) array was fabricated at the maximum process temperature of 500 degrees C using an optimized current density distribution design. We investigated the correlation between crystallization ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H1 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Study of the Surface Reactions in ALD Hafnium Aluminates

L. Nyns, A. Delabie, G. Pourtois, S. Van Elshocht, C. Vinckier et al.
Hafnium aluminates have been investigated as high-kappa dielectrics for implementation in sub-45 nm nonvolatile memory technologies. The growth behavior and quality of these dielectrics strongly depend on the applied deposition technique. We examine the surface reactions that occur during the atomic ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G7 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Atomic Layer Deposition of Strontium Titanate Films Using Sr(BuCp) and Ti(OMe)

M. Popovici, S. Van Elshocht, N. Menou, J. Swerts, D. Pierreux et al.
Strontium titanate (STO) is a promising candidate as a high-k dielectric for dynamic random access memory application. STO thin films are deposited by atomic layer deposition using Sr(BuCp), Ti(OMe), and HO as precursors. Growth and saturation behavior of STO and binary oxides are evaluated by ellip ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G1 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Cyclic Voltammetry of ZrO Powder in the Metallic Cavity Electrode in Molten CaCl

Junjun Peng, Guomin Li, Hualin Chen, Dihua Wang, Xianbo Jin et al.
The electrochemical reduction of the insulative ZrO powder in molten CaCl was investigated using the metallic cavity electrode (MCE) in molten CaCl at 850 degrees C. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) revealed two consecutive reduction peaks corresponding to (i) ZrO to ZrO (x>=1) and (ii) ZrO to Zr. The in ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, F1 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Inside of PAMAM Dendrimers for Oxygen Reduction

J. Ledesma-Garcia, L. G. Arriaga, Thomas W. Chapman, R. Velazquez-Castillo, and Luis A. Godinez
Platinum nanoparticles inside of hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer molecules were prepared by electrochemical reduction in the dendrimer-Pt(II) complexes (G4OHPt) previously anchored on glassy-carbon electrodes and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electroche ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, E1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Electrochemical Fabrication of TiOAu Nanocomposites

J. Elhajj, M. N. Ismail, J. Warzywoda, A. Sacco, Jr., R. Kurtz et al.
Nanocomposites comprised of electrosynthesized/annealed TiO on indium tin oxide substrates, using the electrogeneration of base method, followed by electrodeposited gold clusters are presented, and their photoelectrochemical response is examined. The TiO films are nodular with a rough morphology. Go ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D5 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Triangular GaAs Microcones and Sharp Tips Prepared by Combining Electroless and Electrochemical Etching

Xiaopeng Li, Han-Don Um, Jin-Young Jung, Hong-Seok Seo, and Jung-Ho Lee
We developed a method for making triangular GaAs microcones with sharp tips by combining electroless and electrochemical etching. Silver nanoparticles were first uniformly distributed by electroless plating and were subsequently used as catalysts for generating a uniform shallow textured surface dur ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D1 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009.

Modeling the Current Distribution in Thin Electrolyte Films with Applications to Crevice Corrosion

Arun S. Agarwal, Uziel Landau, and Joe H. Payer
The current distribution on an electrode covered by a thin electrolyte layer, where the current is fed from one edge, is analytically modeled. Separate solutions are presented for the Tafel and linear kinetics regimes. The model is applied to the cathodic region in crevice corrosion and provides the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C9 (2009)] published Tue Nov 10, 2009.

Passivation and Depassivation of Alloy 22 in Acidic Chloride Solutions

Martin A. Rodriguez, Ricardo M. Carranza, and Raul B. Rebak
Alloy 22 (N06022) is a NiCrMo alloy that offers an outstanding corrosion resistance in a wide variety of highly corrosive environments. In the present work, the general corrosion of alloy 22 in the passive and active states and the transition from passive and active states were studied in acidic chl ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Modeling of PEMFC Transients with Finite-Rate Phase-Transfer Processes

Hao Wu, Peter Berg, and Xianguo Li
The dynamic performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is of great interest for mobile applications such as in automobiles. In this study, a rigorous three-dimensional transient model has been developed through a comprehensive inclusion of various transport phenomena and phase-t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Semiempirical Analysis of Time-Dependent Elementary Polarizations in Electrochemical Cells

Hyung-Man Cho, Yong Joon Park, and Heon-Cheol Shin
A systematic semiempirical way to analyze the variation in dc polarization with the operating time of electrochemical energy conversion devices is suggested. This includes the differentiation of the constituents of the total cell impedance, followed by the estimation of the time-dependent elementary ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A8 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.

Study of Capacity Fade of Lithium-Ion Polymer Rechargeable Batteries with Continuous Cycling

P. L. Moss, G. Au, E. J. Plichta, and J. P. Zheng
A cycle life study was done on commercial lithium-ion polymer batteries to quantify contributions to capacity fade with continuous chargedischarge cycling. The cell consists of graphite (meso-carbon microbeads) as an anode material and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO) as a cathode material. Analyses wer ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A1 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009.