APL: Plasmas and Electrical Discharges http://scitation.aip.org/ APL: Plasmas and Electrical Discharges Intense terahertz emission from atomic cluster plasma produced by intense femtosecond laser pulses http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/261503/1&agg=rss Fazel Jahangiri, Masaki Hashida, Takeshi Nagashima, Shigeki Tokita, Masanori Hangyo et al.<br/> Terahertz (THz) emission from argon cluster plasma, generated by intense femtosecond laser pulses in the energy range of 1070 mJ, has been investigated. THz polarization, energy dependence, and angular distribution were measured to provide an initial discussion on the mechanisms of THz emission. THz ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261503 (2011)] published Wed Dec 28, 2011. Comparison of the electron density measurements using Thomson scattering and emission spectroscopy for laser induced breakdown in one atmosphere of helium http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/261504/1&agg=rss E. Nedanovska, G. Nersisyan, T. J. Morgan, L. Huwel, C. L. S. Lewis et al.<br/> Thomson scattering from laser-induced plasma in atmospheric helium was used to obtain temporally and spatially resolved electron temperature and density profiles. Electron density measurements at 5 [mu]s after breakdown are compared with those derived from the separation of the allowed and forbidden ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261504 (2011)] published Wed Dec 28, 2011. Characterization and mechanism of He plasma pretreatment of nanoscale polymer masks for improved pattern transfer fidelity http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/261501/1&agg=rss F. Weilnboeck, D. Metzler, N. Kumar, G. S. Oehrlein, R. L. Bruce et al.<br/> Roughening of nanoscale polymer masks during plasma etching (PE) limits feature critical dimensions in current and future lithographic technologies. Roughness formation of 193 nm photoresist (PR) is mechanistically explained by plasma-induced changes in mechanical properties introduced at the PR sur ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261501 (2011)] published Tue Dec 27, 2011. Measurement of valence band structure in boron-zinc-oxide films by making use of ion beams http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/261502/1&agg=rss Han S. Uhm, Gi C. Kwon, and Eun H. Choi<br/> Measurement of valence band structure in the boron-zinc oxide (BZO) films was developed using the secondary electron emission due to the Auger neutralization of ions. The energy distribution profile of the electrons emitted from boron-zinc-oxide films was measured and rescaled so that Auger self-con ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261502 (2011)] published Tue Dec 27, 2011. Laser guiding plasma channel formation criterion in highly relativistic regime http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/241501/1&agg=rss Y. J. Gu, Z. Zhu, Q. Kong, Y. Y. Li, X. F. Li et al.<br/> Self-formed plasma channels induced by ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulses have been investigated with 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A criterion of channel formation under the highly relativistic regime is proposed and tested by simulation results. Good matches between criteri ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 241501 (2011)] published Wed Dec 14, 2011. Multimode terahertz-wave generation using coherent Cherenkov radiation http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/231503/1&agg=rss K. Kan, J. Yang, A. Ogata, T. Kondoh, K. Norizawa et al.<br/> Multimode terahertz(THz)-wave generation using coherent Cherenkov radiation (CCR) was investigated. The frequency spectra of CCR, which utilized a metal-wrapped hollow dielectric tube of 7 mm outer radius and a picosecond electron bunch of 27 MeV beam energy, were measured by a Michelson interferome ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 231503 (2011)] published Fri Dec 9, 2011. Gd plasma source modeling at 6.7 nm for future lithography http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/231502/1&agg=rss Bowen Li, Padraig Dunne, Takeshi Higashiguchi, Takamitsu Otsuka, Noboru Yugami et al.<br/> Plasmas containing gadolinium have been proposed as sources for next generation lithography at 6.x nm. To determine the optimum plasma conditions, atomic structure calculations have been performed for Gd to Gd ions which showed that n = 4 n = 4 resonance transitions overlap in the 6.57.0 nm region. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 231502 (2011)] published Thu Dec 8, 2011. Forward and backward cavity pressure acceleration of macroparticles http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/231501/1&agg=rss S. Borodziuk, T. Chodukowski, Z. Kalinowska, A. Kasperczuk, T. Pisarczyk et al.<br/> In this paper we present our new results obtained during the experiment performed on Prague Asterix Laser System. We used cavity pressure acceleration method [Borodziuk et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 231501 (2009)] to obtain superfast macroparticles. Two different ways of macroparticle acceleration w ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 231501 (2011)] published Mon Dec 5, 2011. Electric field step in air gap streamer discharges http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/221503/1&agg=rss Rong Zeng, Chijie Zhuang, Zhanqing Yu, Zhizhao Li, and Yinan Geng<br/> Electric field (E-field) in air gap streamer discharges under positive lightning impulse was measured by specifically developed integrated electro-optic sensors. An E-field step phenomenon was observed. The E-field firstly agreed with the Laplace field, then suddenly increased with a rise time of [m ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 221503 (2011)] published Wed Nov 30, 2011. Effects of ionization distribution on plasma beam focusing characteristics in Hall thrusters http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/221502/1&agg=rss Zhongxi Ning, Hui Liu, Daren Yu, and Zhongxiang Zhou<br/> The relationship between ionization distribution and divergence of plasma beam in a Hall thruster is investigated using spectrum and probe methods. Experimental results indicate that the shift of ionization region towards the exit of channel causes the reduction of accelerating field and the enhance ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 221502 (2011)] published Wed Nov 30, 2011. Kinetic solutions for electrons in multi-cusp ion source http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/221501/1&agg=rss Hualin Zhan<!--orlang--> (&#x5360;&#x534E;&#x7433;)<!--orlang--> and Chundong Hu<!--orlang--> (&#x80E1;&#x7EAF;&#x680B;)<!--orlang--><br/> Some analytical kinetic solutions are obtained for the primary and plasma electrons in multi-cusp ion source. The characteristics based on these solutions are discussed, such as frictional coefficient, collision frequency, electron current, electron diffusion, electron density, and electrical conduc ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 221501 (2011)] published Tue Nov 29, 2011. Third harmonic generation by a low intensity laser pulse in a corrugated discharge capillary http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/211501/1&agg=rss Y. Katzir, Y. Ferber, E. Megidish, A. Zigler, and H. M. Milchberg<br/> Quasi phase matching and increase of laser interaction length were promoted by periodically modulated plasma guide formed by a discharge current ablating the inner capillary walls. The phenomenon was demonstrated through the use of third harmonics. For Ti:Sapphire laser pulses propagating through 1 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 211501 (2011)] published Wed Nov 23, 2011. Origin of electrical signals for plasma etching endpoint detection http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/201502/1&agg=rss Mark A. Sobolewski<br/> Electrical signals are used for endpoint detection in plasma etching, but the origin of the electrical changes observed at endpoint is not known. They may be caused by changes in the gas-phase densities of etch products and reactants or by changes in substrate surface properties such as photoemitted ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 201502 (2011)] published Fri Nov 18, 2011. Effect of mesh bias on the properties of the lateral conductivity of intrinsic microcrystalline silicon films deposited by low-frequency inductively coupled plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/201501/1&agg=rss W. S. Yan, S. Xu, C. C. Sern, and D. Y. Wei<br/> A meshgrid is installed to study the effect of mesh bias on the lateral conductivity properties of intrinsic microcrystalline silicon films deposited by low frequency inductively coupled plasma. When a mesh bias is increased from 0 to 15 V, the dark conductivity remarkably decreases by three orders ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 201501 (2011)] published Tue Nov 15, 2011. Single-molecule measurement of strand breaks on large DNA induced by atmospheric pressure plasma jet http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/191504/1&agg=rss Hirofumi Kurita, Tomoko Nakajima, Hachiro Yasuda, Kazunori Takashima, Akira Mizuno et al.<br/> We report a single-molecule-based analysis of strand breakages on large DNA molecules induced by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet. We exposed DNA solution to an argon plasma jet; single-molecule observation that involved molecular combing was then used to measure the length of individual DNA molec ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 191504 (2011)] published Thu Nov 10, 2011. Extreme ultraviolet source at 6.7 nm based on a low-density plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/191502/1&agg=rss Takeshi Higashiguchi, Takamitsu Otsuka, Noboru Yugami, Weihua Jiang, Akira Endo et al.<br/> We demonstrate an efficient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source for operation at lambda = 6.7 nm by optimizing the optical thickness of gadolinium (Gd) plasmas. Using low initial density Gd targets and dual laser pulse irradiation, we observed a maximum EUV conversion efficiency (CE) of 0.54% for 0.6% ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 191502 (2011)] published Wed Nov 9, 2011. Oscillatory quantum screening effects on the positronium (Ps) formation in quantum plasmas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/191503/1&agg=rss Chang-Geun Kim and Young-Dae Jung<br/> The oscillatory quantum screening effects on the positronium formation by the positron are investigated in quantum plasmas. It is found that the oscillatory screening effects suppress the positronium formation radius as well as the positronium formation cross section. It is also found that the posit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 191503 (2011)] published Wed Nov 9, 2011. Negative ions: The overlooked species in thin film growth by pulsed laser deposition http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/191501/1&agg=rss M. Esposito, M. Bator, M. Dobeli, T. Lippert, C. W. Schneider et al.<br/> Plasma plume species from a ceramic LaCaMnO target were studied by plasma mass spectrometry as a function of laser fluence, background gas, and deposition pressure to understand the interplay between plasma composition and oxide thin film growth by pulsed laser deposition. The plume composition reve ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 191501 (2011)] published Tue Nov 8, 2011. Surprising temperature dependence of the dust particle growth rate in low pressure Ar/CH plasmas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/181503/1&agg=rss J. Beckers and G. M. W. Kroesen<br/> We have experimentally monitored the growth rate of dust particles in a low pressure Ar/CH radiofrequency discharge as a function of the gas temperature T and independent of the CH radical density and the gas density. Used diagnostics are laser light scattering and measurements of the phase angle be ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 181503 (2011)] published Fri Nov 4, 2011. Lyman-alpha radiation of a metastable hydrogen beam to measure electric fields http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/181502/1&agg=rss A. Lejeune, L. Cherigier-Kovacic, and F. Doveil<br/> The interaction between a metastable H(2s) atomic hydrogen beam and an external electric field leads to the emission of the Lyman-alpha line. It originates in the Stark mixing of the near-degenerate 2s and 2p levels separated by the Lamb shift. The quenched radiation proportional to the square of th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 181502 (2011)] published Thu Nov 3, 2011. Simultaneous generation of ions and high-order harmonics from thin conjugated polymer foil irradiated with ultrahigh contrast laser http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/99/181501/1&agg=rss I. W. Choi, I J. Kim, K. H. Pae, K. H. Nam, C.-L. Lee et al.<br/> We report the manufacturing of an (ultra-)thin foil target made of conjugated polymer, poly(9,9[prime]-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and the simultaneous observation of laser-accelerated ions and second harmonic radiation, when irradiated with ultrahigh-contrast laser pulse at a maxim ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 181501 (2011)] published Wed Nov 2, 2011.