APL: Plasmas and Electrical Discharges http://scitation.aip.org/ APL: Plasmas and Electrical Discharges Measurement of the electron density in a microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/201502/1&agg=rss Qing Zhang, Guixin Zhang, Liming Wang, Xinxin Wang, Shumin Wang et al.<br/> The electron density in a microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure was measured with a MachZehnder interferometer. The electron density is on the order of 10/cm, one order higher than that deduced from the Stark broadening of spectral lines, and increases with the increase in the microwave pow ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 201502 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009. Effect of the resonant growth of harmonics on the electron density in capacitively coupled plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/191504/1&agg=rss Yohei Yamazawa<br/> The growth of harmonics is known to occur under the condition of plasma series resonance (PSR). In an actual plasma process chamber, the external circuit also affects the PSR. We experimentally demonstrated the resonant growth of the third and fourth harmonics by tuning a variable capacitor attached ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191504 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009. Experiments on peer-to-peer locking of magnetrons http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/191503/1&agg=rss E. J. Cruz, B. W. Hoff, P. Pengvanich, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach et al.<br/> Experiments on peer-to-peer locking of 2 kW magnetrons are performed. These experiments verify the recently developed theory on the condition under which the two nonlinear oscillators may be locked to a common frequency. Dependent on the coupling, the frequency of oscillation when locking occurs doe ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191503 (2009)] published Thu Nov 12, 2009. Negative ion surface production through sputtering in hydrogen plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/191502/1&agg=rss L. Schiesko, M. Carrere, J.-M. Layet, and G. Cartry<br/> A graphite sample is negatively biased in a hydrogen plasma. H ions created on the surface are accelerated by the sheath toward a mass spectrometer where they are detected according to their energy. The ion distribution function shows two contributions: a main peak followed by an energetic tail. It ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191502 (2009)] published Wed Nov 11, 2009. Nanoparticle plasma ejected directly from solid copper by localized microwaves http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/191501/1&agg=rss E. Jerby, A. Golts, Y. Shamir, S. Wonde, J. B. A. Mitchell et al.<br/> A plasma column ejected directly from solid copper by localized microwaves is studied. The effect stems from an induced hotspot that melts and emits ionized copper vapors as a confined fire column. Nanoparticles of ~20120 nm size were revealed in the ejected column by in situ small-angle x-ray scat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191501 (2009)] published Mon Nov 9, 2009. Terahertz vacuum electronic circuits fabricated by UV lithographic molding and deep reactive ion etching http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181505/1&agg=rss Young-Min Shin, Larry R. Barnett, Diana Gamzina, Neville C. Luhmann, Jr., Mark Field et al.<br/> The 0.22 THz vacuum electronic circuits fabricated by UV lithography molding and deep reactive ion etching processes are under investigation for submillimeter wave applications. Eigenmode transient simulations show that, accounting for realistic values of our currently achievable fabrication toleran ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181505 (2009)] published Fri Nov 6, 2009. Purified Si film formation from metallurgical-grade Si by hydrogen plasma induced chemical transport http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181506/1&agg=rss Hiromasa Ohmi, Akihiro Goto, Daiki Kamada, Yoshinori Hamaoka, Hiroaki Kakiuchi et al.<br/> Purified Si film is prepared directly from metallurgical-grade Si (MG-Si) by using hydrogen plasma induced chemical transport at subatmospheric pressure. The purification mechanism is based on the different hydrogenation behaviors of the various impurity elements in MG-Si. The prepared Si films clea ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181506 (2009)] published Fri Nov 6, 2009. Enhancement of electric force by ion-neutral collisions http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181504/1&agg=rss G. Makrinich and A. Fruchtman<br/> The measured force exerted on an ion flow by an electric field is found to be larger than the electric force that can be exerted if the ions are collisionless. In addition, the increase of the gas pressure is found to result in an increase of the electric force despite a simultaneous decrease of the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181504 (2009)] published Thu Nov 5, 2009. Hot and super-hot hydrogen atoms in microwave plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181503/1&agg=rss E. Tatarova, E. Felizardo, F. M. Dias, M. Lino da Silva, C. M. Ferreira et al.<br/> Super-hot (kinetic energy ~48 eV) and hot (kinetic energy ~0.3 eV) H atoms were detected in a surface wave (500 MHz) generated H plasma column, at pressure p=0.01 mbar, from the analysis of the H, H, H, and H emission line profiles. These profiles were found to evolve from single Gaussian to bi-G ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181503 (2009)] published Thu Nov 5, 2009. Evolution of laser-induced carbon particle breakdown in gas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181502/1&agg=rss Hong-Yu Chu and Man-Chon Si<br/> We investigate the evolution of the laser-induced breakdown of a suspended micrometer-sized carbon particle at 460 torr N gas environment. An elliptical hot gas resulting from the ionizations of the particle breakdown and the gas breakdown is observed. We show that the deformation of the elliptical ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181502 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009. A simple atmospheric pressure room-temperature air plasma needle device for biomedical applications http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/181501/1&agg=rss X. Lu, Z. Xiong, F. Zhao, Y. Xian, Q. Xiong et al.<br/> Rather than using noble gas, room air is used as the working gas for an atmospheric pressure room-temperature plasma. The plasma is driven by submicrosecond pulsed directed current voltages. Several current spikes appear periodically for each voltage pulse. The first current spike has a peak value o ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181501 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. Linear arrays of stable atmospheric pressure microplasmas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/161502/1&agg=rss Zhi-Bo Zhang and Jeffrey Hopwood<br/> Microdischarges produce cold atmospheric plasma when the discharge current is limited by the quenching of a microwave resonator. A quarter-wavelength microstripline resonator is shown to support stable atmospheric microplasma in pure argon. Electrical characterization of the microplasma shows that i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 161502 (2009)] published Tue Oct 20, 2009. Real time monitoring of the interaction of Si (100) with atomic hydrogen: The H-insertion/Si-etching kinetic model explaining Si surface modifications http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/161501/1&agg=rss Giuseppe V. Bianco, Maria Losurdo, Maria M. Giangregorio, Pio Capezzuto, and Giovanni Bruno<br/> The interaction of p- and n-type crystalline silicon [c-Si (100)], with atomic hydrogen produced by a remote radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) H plasma has been investigated in real time using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The effects of substrate doping, temperature and time on the c-Si surface modi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 161501 (2009)] published Tue Oct 20, 2009. Neutron yield saturation in plasma focus: A fundamental cause http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/151503/1&agg=rss S. Lee<br/> Plasma focus research in the direction of fusion energy faces the limitation of observed neutron saturation; the neutron yield Y falls away from Y~E, the scaling deteriorating as storage energy E increases toward 1 MJ. Numerical experiments confirm that Y~E applies at low energies and drops to Y~E t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 151503 (2009)] published Thu Oct 15, 2009. Diagnostic based modeling for determining absolute atomic oxygen densities in atmospheric pressure helium-oxygen plasmas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/151504/1&agg=rss K. Niemi, S. Reuter, L. M. Graham, J. Waskoenig, and T. Gans<br/> Absolute atomic oxygen ground state densities in a radio-frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet, operated in a helium-oxygen mixture, are determined using diagnostic based modeling. One-dimensional numerical simulations of the electron dynamics are combined with time integrated optical emi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 151504 (2009)] published Thu Oct 15, 2009. Very low surface recombination velocity on p-type c-Si by high-rate plasma-deposited aluminum oxide http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/151502/1&agg=rss Pierre Saint-Cast, Daniel Kania, Marc Hofmann, Jan Benick, Jochen Rentsch et al.<br/> Aluminum oxide layers can provide excellent passivation for lowly and highly doped p-type silicon surfaces. Fixed negative charges induce an accumulation layer at the p-type silicon interface, resulting in very effective field-effect passivation. This paper presents highly negatively charged (Q=2.1 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 151502 (2009)] published Wed Oct 14, 2009. CH spectroscopy for carbon chemical erosion analysis in high density low temperature hydrogen plasma http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/151501/1&agg=rss J. Westerhout, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, J. Rapp, and G. J. van Rooij<br/> The CH AX molecular band is measured upon seeding the hydrogen plasma in the linear plasma generator Pilot-PSI [electron temperature T=0.12.5 eV and electron density n=(0.55) x 10 m] with methane. Calculated inverse photon efficiencies for these conditions range from 3 up to >10 due to a steeply d ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 151501 (2009)] published Mon Oct 12, 2009. Effects of gas flow rate on the length of atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma jets http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/141502/1&agg=rss Qing Li, Jiang-Tao Li, Wen-Chao Zhu, Xi-Ming Zhu, and Yi-Kang Pu<br/> Effects of gas flow rate on the length of atmospheric pressure plasma jets have been investigated using a capillary dielectric barrier discharge configuration. For the discharge in only downstream region, three distinguishable modes of plasma jet length versus argon gas flow rate, namely, laminar, t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141502 (2009)] published Thu Oct 8, 2009. Empirical electron cross-field mobility in a Hall effect thruster http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/141501/1&agg=rss L. Garrigues, J. Perez-Luna, J. Lo, G. J. M. Hagelaar, J. P. Boeuf et al.<br/> Electron transport across the magnetic field in Hall effect thrusters is still an open question. Models have so far assumed 1/B or 1/B scaling laws for the anomalous electron mobility, adjusted to reproduce the integrated performance parameters of the thruster. We show that models based on such mobi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141501 (2009)] published Mon Oct 5, 2009. High average power second harmonic generation in air http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/121502/1&agg=rss Martynas Beresna, Peter G. Kazansky, Yuri Svirko, Martynas Barkauskas, and Romas Danielius<br/> We demonstrate second harmonic vortex generation in atmospheric pressure air using tightly focused femtosecond laser beam. The circularly polarized ring-shaped beam of the second harmonic is generated in the air by fundamental beam of the same circular polarization, while the linear polarized beam p ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 121502 (2009)] published Tue Sep 22, 2009. Branched carbon treelike structures grown in direct current plasmas http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/95/121501/1&agg=rss F. Ding, X. D. Zhu, R. J. Zhan, T. L. Ni, B. Ke et al.<br/> The growth of centimeter-scale treelike carbon structures in a hydrocarbon direct current (dc) plasma without the help of catalyst particles is reported. Starting from the edge of the anode, the carbon trees have a tendency to grow toward the cathode along the direction of the electric field. It is ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 121501 (2009)] published Mon Sep 21, 2009.