Journal of Environmental Engineering

Effects of Media and Plant Selection on Biofiltration Performance

Michael E. Barrett, Maelle Limouzin, and Desmond F. Lawler
The goal of this research was to compare the pollutant removal effectiveness of biofiltration systems containing different media and plant species. A laboratory column study was conducted using three media and two plant species, each with and without a submerged zone intended to promote denitrificat ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000551] posted Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Harvestable Nitrogen Accumulation for Five Stormwater Wetland Plant Species: A Trigger for Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) Maintenance?

H. A. Lenhart, W. F. Hunt, and M. R. Burchell
As the use of constructed stormwater wetlands to treat stormwater runoff becomes more frequent, strategies for maintaining or increasing their pollutant removal over time must be examined. One potential strategy is plant harvesting at the water surface to remove nutrients that would otherwise be dep ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000550] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

The Identification of the Naegleria Species in Natural Watersheds Used for Drinking and Recreational Purposes in Taiwan

Po-Min Kao, Bing-Mu Hsu, Yi-Chou Chiu, Nai-Hsiung Chen, Kuan-Hao Huang et al.
Naegleria spp. is a free-living amoeboflagellate, which is widespread in natural environments. Some Naegleria spp. cause fatal human infections and the most important source of these infections is water. This genus is recognized as a potential human pathogen, which causes primary amoebic meningoence ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000549] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Engine and Duty Cycle Variability in Diesel Construction Equipment Emissions

Saeed Abolhasani and H. Christopher Frey
This paper explores methods for analyzing on-board mass emissions data and developing modal models based on case study examples for nine selected nonroad construction vehicles. Data for these vehicles were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Several modeling methods were explored ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000548] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

An Adaptive Time Stepping-Operator Splitting Strategy to Couple Implicit Numerical Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Codes

Gaurav Savant and R. C. Berger
Hydrodynamic and water quality codes have been frequently linked. These have typically been linked with both the hydrodynamic and water quality models using similar explicit time steps, but for long term simulations implicit models are required. The water quality codes linked to these hydrodynamic c ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000547] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Rapid Small Scale Column Tests on the Adsorption of Arsenate by Cationic Surfactant-Modified GAC

W. F. Chen, S. Y. Lin, and M. T. Cheng
Cationic surfactants were employed to modify granular activated carbon (GAC) for the purpose of improving GAC's adsorption of arsenate from water. Rapid small column tests (RSSCTs) were set up to test the adsorption capacities. Results indicated that surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000546] posted Sat Feb 4, 2012.

A Comparison of Hollow-Fiber Ultrafilters to Pleated Capsule Filters for Surface and Tap Water Samples Using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623

Gina H. Kimble, James E. Amburgey, and Vincent R. Hill
EPA Method 1623 is designed specifically for the detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, but the method has some issues with low and variable recoveries. Ultrafiltration has been used effectively for microorganism recovery from water samples but is not approved by EPA. In order to determine the ef ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000545] posted Sat Feb 4, 2012.

Adsorption of Acid Extractable Oil Sands Tailings Organics onto Raw and Activated Oil Sands Coke

Christina C. Small, Ania C. Ulrich, and Zaher Hashisho
The accumulation of organic contaminants in process-affected (PA) water represents an environmental liability for oil sands operators. Oil sands coke is a promising adsorbent for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which includes toxic acid-extractable oil sands tailings organics (AEOSTO) found ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000543] posted Thu Feb 2, 2012.

Surface Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-TiO Thin Film for Selective Oxidation

Zhong-Min Wang, Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie, Ashraf Aly Hassan, and Christopher Perrett
Controlled titanium dioxide (TiO) thin films were deposited on stainless steel surfaces using flame aerosol synthetic technique, which is a one-step coating process, that doesn't require further calcination. Solid state characterization of the coatings was conducted by different techniques, includin ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000542] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Effects of Chitin Purity and Proppant Loading on the Bioremediation of Chloroethenes

Jennifer A. McElhoe and Rachel A. Brennan
Hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) of substrates and proppants into contaminated soils is a developing, but understudied, practice of stimulating in situ bioremediation. In this work, three different purities of the substrate crab shell chitin (SC-20, SC-40, and SC-80), two proppant loadings (sand:c ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000541] posted Tue Jan 31, 2012.

Investigation of Flow Patterns in Stormwater Retention Ponds Using CFD

Sher Khan, Bruce W. Melville, Asaad Y. Shamseldin, and Christoph Fischer
The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as an engineering tool for the design of stormwater retention ponds is a rapidly growing area of interest, but there is a large gap in the literature with regard to validating the CFD models against experimental data for investigation of flow patterns an ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000540] posted Wed Jan 25, 2012.

Temporal Variability of Bacterial Diversity in a Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System

Stacia T. McCoy and Jeanne M. VanBriesen
The present work is the first to examine temporal variability of bacterial diversity in a free-chlorinated drinking water distribution system over multiple years. We examined seasonal and monthly bacterial diversity using three different molecular methods. 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis identi ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000539] posted Thu Jan 19, 2012.

Application of Downflow-Upflow Biological Aerated Filter in the Pretreatment of Raw Water Containing High Ammonia Nitrogen

Shaoming Lu, Xiaojun Niu, Yuanyuan Ren, and Deye Chen
In a subtropical area, a downflow-upflow biological aerated filter (D-UBAF) was used in the pretreatment of raw water containing seasonal high levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) and organic pollutants. Operating parameters for low-flow periods were as follows: filtration rate of 8 m/h and gas-water ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000447] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reviewers

Abstract not available. [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000485] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Discussion of Combined Effects of Wind and Streamflow on Gas-Liquid Transfer Rate by Zhiyong Duan, James L. Martin, William H. McAnally, and Richard L. Stockstill

Carlo Gualtieri, Paola Gualtieri, and Guelfo Pulci Doria
Abstract not available. [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000346] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Inactivation of Bacterial Viruses in Water Using Deep Ultraviolet Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diode

Yoshinobu Aoyagi, Misaichi Takeuchi, Kaoru Yoshida, Masahito Kurouchi, Nobuhito Yasui et al.
Disinfection of bacterial viruses MS2, Qbeta, and [cursive phi]X174 in water was successfully carried out using deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) operated at 280 nm and 255 nm. It was shown that the 280-nm DUV-LEDs are much more suitable than the 255-nm DUV-LEDs for the disinfection ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000442] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Cyclical Hierarchical Modeling for Water Quality ModelBased DSS Module in an Urban River System

Samapriya Roy and Y. B. Katpatal
Environmental systems modeling has always been at the core of gaining insight into the world. Most environmental systems behave very differently from fairly predictable systems because of nonlinearity in approach and behavior. This paper discusses the problem that exists in effectively modeling a mu ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000441] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Simulation Model for Multicomponent Removals from Recycled Cooling Water

Ahmed Abdel-Wahab and Bill Batchelor
A model was developed that simulates the operation and process costs of recycled cooling water treatment using an advanced softening process called ultrahigh lime with aluminum softening (UHLA). The model was coded in MATLAB and can describe multicomponent removal and predict the chemical doses and ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000450] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Removal of Cryptosporidium-Sized Polystyrene Microspheres from Swimming Pool Water with a Sand Filter with and without Added Perlite Filter Media

James E. Amburgey
Waterborne disease outbreaks in U.S. swimming pools have been increasing in recent years, and the majority of the outbreaks are caused by Cryptosporidium oocysts. This research project evaluates sand filtration for swimming pools without and with an amendment, perlite. The evaluation was formed on t ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000445] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Factors Affecting the Quality of the Plant Influent and Its Suitability for Prefermentation and the Biological Nutrient Removal Process

A. M. K. Mikola, R. Vahala, and J. A. Rautiainen
To understand wastewater quality transformations in the sewer system, a full-scale study focused on the characteristics of the influent wastewater in a middle-sized wastewater-treatment plant receiving only municipal sewage. The objective was to identify conditions in which prefermentation prior to ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000438] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Roadway Runoff Water Quality from Milled and Unaltered Surfaces during Convective Storms

Allison A. MacKay, Scott Zinke, James Mahoney, and Joseph T. Bushey
Time series of total suspended solids, and total and dissolved copper, zinc, and lead concentrations were compared between milled hot-mix asphalt (HMA) roadway sections (n=6) and unaltered HMA roadway sections (n=6). Milled and unaltered road surface runoff water quality parameter values were within ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000446] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Applications of Radial-Basis Function and Generalized Regression Neural Networks for Modeling of Coagulant Dosage in a Drinking Water-Treatment Plant: Comparative Study

Salim Heddam, Abdelmalek Bermad, and Noureddine Dechemi
The coagulation process, which involves many complex physical and chemical phenomena, is one of the most important stages in water-treatment plants. The coagulant dosage rate is nonlinearly correlated to raw water characteristics such as turbidity, conductivity, and pH. The coagulation reaction is h ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000435] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Batch Adsorption and Mechanism of Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Polyaniline/Humic Acid Nanocomposite

Ya Zhang, Qin Li, Li Sun, and Jianping Zhai
Polyaniline (PANI) and humic acid (HA) composite sorbents were prepared by adding different amount of HA into the chemical oxidation process of PANI. The sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and N adsorption and desorptio ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000453] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Arsenic Species Transformation and Transportation in Arsenic Removal by Fe-Mn Binary OxideCoated Diatomite: Pilot-Scale Field Study

Kun Wu, Ruiping Liu, Huijuan Liu, Fangfang Chang, Huachun Lan et al.
The removal of arsenic (As) by iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) binary oxidecoated diatomite (FMBO-diatomite) and the transformation and transportation of As, Fe, and Mn in a fixed-bed reactor were investigated in this pilot-scale field study (arsenite [As(III)]=5080 [mu]g/L, arsenate [As(V)]=4060 [mu]g/L ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000432] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Adsorption of Hydroquinone in Aqueous Solution by Granulated Activated Carbon

S. Suresh, Vimal Chandra Srivastava, and Indra Mani Mishra
This paper reports the adsorptive removal of hydroquinone (HQ) from aqueous solution by granulated activated carbon (GAC). Physicochemical properties including surface area and surface texture of the GAC, before and after HQ adsorption onto GAC, were analysed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanni ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000443] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Field Evaluation of Bioretention Indicator Bacteria Sequestration in Wilmington, North Carolina

J. M. Hathaway, W. F. Hunt, A. K. Graves, and J. D. Wright
Although bioretention has been shown to remove or sequester a wide range of pollutants, relatively little study has been performed to evaluate its ability to sequester indicator bacteria. Two adjacent bioretention areas in Wilmington, North Carolina, were studied. The primary difference in the desig ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000444] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Permeation of Petroleum-Based Hydrocarbons through PVC Pipe Joints with Rieber Gasket Systems

Feng Mao, James A. Gaunt, Say Kee Ong, and Chu-Lin Cheng
There is significant concern in water utilities regarding the permeation of petroleum-based hydrocarbons from contaminated sites through potable drinking-water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Previous studies have addressed the impacts of hydrocarbons on the pipe materials, but the impacts o ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000431] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Comparative Study on the Removal of Various Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides from Aqueous Solutions on Polycaprolactone and Activated Carbon

O. O. Nalcaci, N. Boke, and B. Ovez
The removal of various phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides as single solutes (2,4-D; 2,4-DP; 2,4-DB; 2,4,5-T; MCPA) from aqueous solutions were studied by using biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL). A comparative study was achieved by using powdered and granular activated carbon as an adsorben ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000452] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Photolysis, Biodegradation, and Sorption Behavior of Three Selected Phenolic Compounds on the Surface and Sediment of Rivers

Peng Gao, Yujie Feng, Ce Wang, Zhaohan Zhang, Junfeng Liu et al.
In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the environmental behavior of three selected phenolic compounds [2, 4-Dichlorophenol (DCP), 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2, 4-Dimethylphenol (DMP)] in the aquatic environment. The results of batch sunlight photolysis experiments s ... [J. Environ. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000440] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Municipal Wastewater Sludge Stabilization and Treatment Using Electrochemical Oxidation Technique

Marc-Andre Bureau, Patrick Drogui, Balasubramanian Sellamuthu, Jean Francois Blais, and Guy Mercier
The objective of this research was to investigate the performance of an electrochemical process at the laboratory scale for enhancing dewaterability and stabilizing wastewater sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant. This process encompasses advantages of simultaneous disinfection as well a ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000538] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Factors Influencing Dissolved Copper Concentrations in Oregon Highway Stormwater Runoff

Jeffrey A. Nason, Don J. Bloomquist, and Matthew S. Sprick
Highway stormwater runoff represents a significant source of dissolved copper to surface waters. It is well established that even low concentrations of dissolved copper can be toxic to many aquatic organisms. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, recent research has focused on the effects o ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000537] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Optimised Treatment of Phenol-Containing Fire Fighting Wastewater Using a Fenton Oxidation

Diya'uddeen Basheer Hasan, A. R. Abdul Aziz, and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
This study presents the degradation and mineralisation results of a phenol-containing fire fighting wastewater (FWW) generated from quenching a fire outbreak in an oil storage facility. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol content of the wastewater were above the Malaysian Standard B discharg ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000536] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

UV Dose-Response Behavior of Air-Exposed Microorganisms

Soojung Lim and Ernest R. Blatchley, III
Laboratory experiments were performed to demonstrate an experimental method for measurement of UV dose-response behavior among air-exposed microorganisms, and to quantify the effect of relative humidity on this behavior. These experiments included two non-pathogenic microorganisms as surrogates for ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000535] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Contaminant Mass Transfer from NAPLs to Water Studied in a Continuously Stirred Flow Through Reactor

Lihua Liu, Uli Maier, Peter Grathwohl, and Stefan Haderlein
The release of NAPLs from porous media to groundwater is a widespread environmental problem. The mass transfer of individual NAPL components controls both the extent of groundwater contamination and the persistence of the residual NAPL phase. In order to quantify this key process, small-scale experi ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000528] posted Tue Jan 10, 2012.

Effects of Turbulence and Temperature on Leachate Chemistry

Stanislaw Lozecznik, Jan A. Oleszkiewicz, Shawn P. Clark, Richard Sparling, and Jamie F. VanGulck
This study investigates the role of turbulence and temperature on changes in chemistry (dissolved Ca and pH) of leachate within transmission pipes in bioreactor landfills, using synthetic as well as real leachate from the Brady Road Landfill in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Sealed reactors with rotating prope ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000507] posted Mon Jan 9, 2012.

Enhancement of Ultraviolet Disinfection of Wastewater by Low Pressure Water Jet Pre-Treatment: A Case Study of Effectiveness and Impacts on Bacteria

Cheng He, Renee McFadyen, and Quintin Rochfort
It has been proven that the concept of using a high pressure water jet (HPWJ) to pre-treat wastewater for the enhancement of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of wastewater is an effective and cost-efficient alternative compared to the widely-studied ultrasonic method. This study addresses: (1) the effe ... [Journal of Environmental Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000534] posted Mon Jan 9, 2012.