Journal of Hydrologic Engineering

Simplified Reference Evapotranspiration Formula Using an Empirical Impact Factor for Penman's Aerodynamic Term

John D. Valiantzas
Recently a simple algebraic formula, equivalent in accuracy to the Penman equation is derived by Valiantzas for computing evapotraspiration from readily available measured data. The derivation of the formula is based on simplifications made to the standardized form of the Penman equation. In this pa ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000590] posted Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Episodic Change Analysis of the Annual Flood Peak Time Series for a Flood Insurance Study

Momcilo Markus, H. Vernon Knapp, Amanda Flegel, Sally McConkey, and Wilbert O. Thomas
The decreasing annual maximum flood peaks on the Pecatonica River and other adjacent rivers and streams in the Wisconsin Driftless Area have been reported in recent studies. Various explanations for the decreasing peaks, ranging from land use to climate change, have been offered. Different explanati ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000604] posted Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Copula-Based Pooled Frequency Analysis of Droughts in the Canadian Prairies

Sara Sadri and Donald H. Burn
This paper studies frequency analysis of drought using copula with application of regionalization in bivariate homogeneity analysis context. Monthly streamflow data from 36 non-regulated sites were selected from the Canadian Prairies. Drought events indicated by severity and duration were extracted ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000603] posted Mon Feb 13, 2012.

A Linear Programming Method Considering Topographical Factors Used for Estimating Missing Precipitation

Ju-Hwan Yoo
A new linear programming method with an option for topographical factors is developed for estimating missing precipitation. We simply assume missing precipitation depth at a base station is expressed as a linear combination of precipitation depths at neighboring index stations in the same period usi ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000602] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Evaluation of MLP-ANN Training Algorithms for Modeling Soil Pore-Water Pressure Responses to Rainfall

M. R. Mustafa, R. B. Rezaur, S. Saiedi, H. Rahardjo, and M. H. Isa
Knowledge of pore-water pressure responses to rainfall is vital in slope failure and slope hydrological studies. The performance of four Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training algorithms has been evaluated to identify the training algorithm appropriate for modeling the dynamics of soil pore-water ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000599] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Interpretation of Pumping Test with Radial Collector Well Using a Reservoir Model

Emmanuel Kwame Appiah-Adjei, Longcang Shu, Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Chengpeng Lu, and Mingjiang Deng
This study proposes a reservoir model for evaluation of aquifer parameters from a long duration pumping test conducted with a radial collector pumping well and nine observation wells in an unconfined aquifer in the Tailan River basin of China. The proposed model, based on the concept of double conti ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000598] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Erratum for Evolution of the SCS Runoff Curve Number Method and Its Application to Continuous Runoff Simulation by J. R. Williams, N. Kannan, C. Santhi, X. Wang, and J. G. Arnold

J. R. Williams, N. Kannan, C. Santhi, X. Wang, and J. G. Arnold
Abstract not available. [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Reservoir Evaporation Prediction Using Data Driven Techniques

R. Arunkumar and V. Jothiprakash
Evaporation in reservoirs plays a prominent role in water resources planning, operation and management, since a considerable amount of water is lost through evaporation, especially in large reservoirs. Estimating the evaporation from surface water requires ample data, usually, that are not easily me ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000597] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Comparison of the Power of Log-Normality Tests with Different Right Tail Alternative Distributions

Barbara Martel, Salaheddine El Adlouni, and Bernard Bobee
In flood frequency analysis (FFA), the adequate choice of distribution to fit data is a major problem. The three-parameter Log-Normal (LN3) distribution has an intermediate tail behavior between the distributions of the class C (regularly varying distributions) and those of the class D (sub-exponent ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000595] posted Mon Jan 16, 2012.

Saltwater Intrusion and Recirculation of Seawater at a Coastal Boundary

Louis H. Motz and Ali Sedighi
Numerical experiments were performed to investigate saltwater intrusion and recirculation of seawater at a coastal boundary. A field-scale two-dimensional cross-section was simulated in which freshwater inflow occurred at an upgradient boundary, and saltwater inflow and freshwater outflow and recirc ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000594] posted Mon Jan 16, 2012.

An Analytical Probabilistic Model for Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Green Roofs

Shouhong Zhang and Yiping Guo
An easy-to-use and physically-based analytical probabilistic model is developed to evaluate the long-term average hydrologic performance of green roofs. The probabilistic models of local rainfall characteristics are introduced first, the hydrologic and hydraulic processes occurring on and inside a g ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000593] posted Mon Jan 16, 2012.

An Improved CN-Based Long-Term Hydrologic Simulation Model

Manoj K. Jain, Dilip G. Durbude, and Surendra K. Mishra
Employing the advanced Soil Moisture Accounting (ASMA) procedure and the modified sub-surface drainage flow concept, a Curve Number (CN) based model, named as Modified Long Term Hydrologic Simulation Advance Soil Moisture Accounting (MLTHS ASMA) model, is proposed to simulate daily flows. Its applic ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000592] posted Mon Jan 16, 2012.

Using Local Weather Radar Data for Sewer System Modelling: A Case Study in Flanders, Belgium

Toon Goormans and Patrick Willems
Contemporary sewer system operation heavily relies on urban drainage model results. In a case study near Leuven, this research investigates the potential of a cost-effective local weather radar (LAWR, DHI Water & Environment, DK) for providing rainfall input to sewer models. Before rainfall estimati ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000589] posted Sat Jan 14, 2012.

Understanding Precipitation Fidelity in Hydrological Modeling

John T. Mobley, Teresa B. Culver, and Robert W. Burgholzer
The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate a methodology to specifically assess the inter-relationships between estimated precipitation, observed stream flow, and hydrologic model performance. To satisfy this objective, this work introduces a new concept called `precipitation fidel ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000588] posted Sat Jan 14, 2012.

Two Semi-Distributed ANN-Based Models for Estimation of Suspended Sediment Load

Vahid Nourani, Omid Kalantari, and Aida Hosseini Baghanam
The sediment load transported in a river is the most complex hydrological phenomenon due to a large number of obscure parameters and existence of both spatial variability of the basin characteristics and temporal climatic patterns. In this paper two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were develo ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000587] posted Sat Jan 14, 2012.

Application of a Coupled Regional-Scale Hydrological-Atmospheric Model to Japan for Climate Change Study

J. Yoshitani, M. L. Kavvas, and Z. Q. Chen
This paper presents the improved performance of a regional climate model for the Japan region when a fully coupled boundary layer model and an areally averaged landsurface flow model are employed. It also describes results from the application of the regional climate model to the region for climate- ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000190] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Scaling Characteristics of Precipitation Data over Texas

Mehmet Ozger, Ashok K. Mishra, and Vijay P. Singh
The question addressed in this study was: do the number and magnitude of dry and wet spells occur in a scale invariant manner in the state of Texas or not? To answer this question, a large set of monthly precipitation data from 75 grid points spread across Texas was employed to investigate the spati ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000193] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Water Balance Study for the Tigris-Euphrates River Basin

N. Ohara, M. L. Kavvas, M. L. Anderson, Z. Q. Richard Chen, and J. Yoon
Several case studies of the Tigris-Euphrates (TE) river basin were performed to investigate the effects of various water resource utilizations on dynamic water balances of the watershed. A daily dynamic water balance model was developed to simulate water resource conditions corresponding to four uti ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000209] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Regional Modeling of Climate Change Impact on Peninsular Malaysia Water Resources

Ahmad J. Shaaban, M. Z. M. Amin, Z. Q. Chen, and N. Ohara
The future projections of climate change by means of global climate models of the Earth provide fundamental coarse-grid-resolution hydroclimate data for studies of the effect of climate change on water resources. This paper reports on a study that was performed during 20012006, in which the climate ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000305] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Special Issue on Modeling of Hydroclimate and Climate Change

M. Levent Kavvas
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000451] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reconstruction of Historical Atmospheric Data by a Hydroclimate Model for the Mekong River Basin

N. Ohara, Z. Q. Chen, M. L. Kavvas, K. Fukami, and H. Inomata
It is necessary to have historical atmospheric data at fine time and spatial grid resolutions as input to watershed-scale models of the Mekong River Basin to perform water balance studies over the basin. However, such historical atmospheric data are not available at the desired fine time-space scale ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000168] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Basis for Extending Long-Term Streamflow Forecasts in the Colorado River Basin

Kenneth W. Lamb, Thomas C. Piechota, Oubeidillah A. Aziz, and Glenn A. Tootle
The National Weather Service (NWS) maintains a collection of computer models used to perform various functions for managing the rivers of the United States. One function of the NWS's river forecast centers is to provide long-term resource forecasts for the main river basins in the United States. By ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000153] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Association between Uncertainties in Meteorological Variables and Water-Resources Planning for the State of Texas

Ashok K. Mishra, Mehmet Ozger, and Vijay P. Singh
Because of the complexity and rapidly occurring changes in the dynamics of human demography and water demands, it is difficult to assess the future adequacy of limited freshwater resources. The planning of water resources largely depends on the meteorological variables (precipitation and evaporation ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000150] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Appraisal of Statistical Predictability under Uncertain Inputs: SST to Rainfall

Shivam Tripathi and Rao S. Govindaraju
Climatic variables that are used as inputs in hydrologic models often have large measurement uncertainties that are mostly ignored in hydrologic applications because of lack of appropriate tools. This study develops a set of algorithms to engage uncertainty information in three of the most common st ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000278] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Impact of Water Resources Utilization on the Hydrology of Mesopotamian Marshlands

Z. Q. Richard Chen, M. L. Kavvas, N. Ohara, M. L. Anderson, and J. Yoon
The Mesopotamian Marshlands used to be the largest wetland ecosystem in the Middle East and western Eurasia. These marshlands once covered more than 15,00020,000 sq km with permanent lakes and marshes, seasonal marshes, and temporary marshes. Although the recent restoration efforts returned the mars ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000208] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reviewers

Abstract not available. [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000499] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Upscaling of Coupled Land Surface Process Modeling for Heterogeneous Landscapes: Stochastic Approach

S. Kure, M. L. Kavvas, N. Ohara, and S. Jang
Land surfaces are spatially inhomogeneous at the spatial scales of vegetation canopies to watersheds or even continents. The spatial heterogeneity strongly affects heat, momentum, and vapor exchange at the land surface. It is necessary to consider the spatial heterogeneity of land surface properties ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000163] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Coupled Regional Hydroclimate Model and Its Application to the Tigris-Euphrates Basin

Z. Q. Richard Chen, M. L. Kavvas, N. Ohara, M. L. Anderson, and J. Yoon
To establish a basinwide water management plan for the Tigris-Euphrates (TE) watershed, it is necessary to perform rigorous water balance studies of the whole watershedat least for critical historical drought and flood conditions and under various water resources development scenarios. Water-balance ... [J. Hydrol. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000207] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Temporal Moments for Reactive Transport through Fractured Impermeable / Permeable Formations

Pramod Kumar Sharma, M. Sekhar, Rajesh Srivastava, and C. S. P. Ojha
Transport of reactive solutes through fractured porous formations has been analyzed. The transport through the porous block is represented by a general multi-process non-equilibrium equation and that for the fracture is represented by an advection-dispersion equation with linear equilibrium sorption ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000586] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Assessing Severe Drought and Wet Events over India in a Future Climate Using a Nested Bias Correction Approach

Richa Ojha, D. Nagesh Kumar, A. Sharma, and R. Mehrotra
General Circulation Models (GCMs) are routinely used to simulate climate conditions for the future. However, rainfall outputs from GCMs are highly uncertain in preserving temporal correlations, frequencies and intensity distributions thus limiting their direct application for downscaling and hydrolo ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000585] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Regional Flood Frequency Analysis: How We Got Here and Where We Are Going

David R. Dawdy, Veronica W. Griffis, and Vijay K. Gupta
Abstract not available. [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000584] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Closed Form Theoretical Solution for Finite Depth Seepage below Flat Apron with Equal End Cutoffs and a Downstream Step

Arun K. Jain and Lakshmi N. Reddi
The paper gives a closed form theoretical solution for the steady seepage below flat horizontal impervious apron of a hydraulic structure with equal end cutoffs, with a step at downstream end, and founded on pervious medium of finite depth. This is obtained by using Schwarz-Christoffel transformatio ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000583] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

A Review of Advances in Hydrologic Science in China in the Last Decades: Impact Study of Climate Change and Human Activities

Tao Yang, Qiang Zhang, Weiguang Wang, Zhongbo Yu, Yongqin David Chen et al.
Abstract not available. [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000582] posted Thu Jan 12, 2012.

Using Hydrologic Simulation to Explore the Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff in the Huaihe River Basin of China

J. Y. Zhang, G. Q. Wang, Thomas C. Pagano, J. L. Jin, C. S. Liu et al.
Climate change has become an environmental issue of utmost importance, and one which will challenge existing water resource management practices in many ways. The Huaihe River, which is one of China's major rivers, is frequently subject to flooding and drought and, for the purposes of assessing the ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000581] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

The Influence of River Sinuosity on the Distribution of Conservative Pollutants

Heqing Huang, Guang Chen, and Qian-Feng Zhang
The influence of river sinuosity on the distribution characteristics of pollutants in a wide river is investigated three-dimensionally with a numerical model. It is found that for a meandering river the hydrodynamic force strongly controls the distribution of a conservative pollutant in the river. D ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000580] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Continuous Forecasting and Evaluation of Derived Z-R Relationships in a Sparse Rain Gauge Network Using NEXRAD

Samuel H. Rendon, Baxter E. Vieux, and Chandra S. Pathak
Distributed rainfall information is necessary for making operational hydrologic predictions and for retrospective studies. Rainfall measurements from radar require conversion of reflectivity into rainfall rates, but are known to contain systematic errors, or bias. Default Z-R relationships commonly ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000579] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Hydrological Response of Sloping Farmlands with Different Rock Fragment Covers in the Purple Soil Area of China

Xiaoyan Wang, Zhaoxiao Li, Chongfa Cai, Zhihua Shi, Qinxue Xu et al.
In the mountainous area of China, the rock fragments in top soils are often removed by farmers because of their side effects on tillage. In order to understand hydrological processes and assess the risk of soil erosion in purple soil areas with sloping farmlands, we investigated the effects of rock ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000576] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Environmental Flow Components for Measuring Hydrologic Model Fit during Low Flow Events

John T. Mobley, Teresa B. Culver, and Robert W. Burgholzer
The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) is a statistical flow methodology for characterizing ecologically important stream flows. Typically, IHA has been used to identify the extent of human impacts on a stream's hydrology and to set management goals to restore the stream ecology. In this work ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000575] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Artificial Neural Network Based Drought Forecasting Using a Nonlinear Aggregated Drought Index

S. Barua, A. W. M. Ng, and B. J. C. Perera
Drought forecasting plays an important role in planning and management of water resources systems, especially during dry climatic periods. In this study, a nonlinear aggregated drought index (NADI) was developed first to classify the drought condition of a catchment considering all significant hydro ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000574] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Prediction of Rainfall-Runoff in an Ungauged Basin: A Case Study in the Mountainous Region of Northern Thailand

T. Piman and M. S. Babel
The reduction of uncertainty in hydrologic predictions is important for water resources development and management, especially in ungauged basins. The objective of this study was to predict rainfall and runoff in an ungauged basin located in a mountainous region of Northern Thailand using a weather ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000573] posted Wed Jan 11, 2012.

Empirical Investigation of Curve Number Method Parameters in the Mediterranean Area

Francesco D'Asaro and Giovanni Grillone
The Curve Number (CN) method is widely used as technique for estimating surface runoff depth from rainstorms. This simply lumped method is based on the main parameter CN, which represents the lumped expression of basin absorption and on a parameter that represents the interception, the infiltration ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000570] posted Fri Jan 6, 2012.

A Semi-Distributed Hydrologic Model for Flood Risk Assessment in the Pejibaye River Basin (Costa Rica)

Carlos de Gonzalo, Jose C. Robredo, and Juan A. Mintegui
A semi-distributed hydrologic model, designed with the HEC-Hydrologic Modelling System, and addressed to flood risk assessment, is presented. The model has been applied and calibrated, by means of a Multi-step Calibration Scheme, to the Pejibaye River Basin, in a series of flash flood events that oc ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000568] posted Fri Jan 6, 2012.

Hydrologic Effects of Size and Location of Fields Converted from Drained Pine Forest to Agricultural Cropland

Hyun Woo Kim, Devendra M. Amatya, George M. Chescheir, Wayne R. Skaggs, and Jami E. Nettles
Hydrological impacts of land use change are of great concern to ecohydrologists and watershed managers, especially in the Atlantic coastal plain of the southeastern US. The concern is due to rapid population growth and the resulting pressure to develop forested lands. Many researchers have studied t ... [Journal of Hydrologic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000566] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.