Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

Instability Theory of Sand Ripples Formed by Turbulent Shear Flows

Sujit K. Bose and Subhasish Dey
A theory of turbulent shear flow over a sand bed is developed addressing the instability principle of the fluid-granular bed interface leading to the formation of ripples. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the time-averaged continuity equation are analyzed using a 1/7-th power ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000524] posted Mon Feb 6, 2012.

Effect of Cross-Flow Velocity at Forebay on Swirl in Pump Suction Pipe: Hydraulic Model of Seawater Intake at Aliveri Power Plant in Greece

Athanassios A. Dimas and Andreas P. Vouros
The hydraulic performance of pumps in a cooling water intake is directly affected by the non-uniformity of the approach flow at each pump bay which in turn is influenced by the strength of the cross-flow at their common forebay. The effect of the cross-flow velocity at the forebay on the swirl angle ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000576] posted Fri Feb 3, 2012.

Erratum for Two-Phase Simulation of Wave-Induced Tunnel Scour beneath Marine Pipelines by Abbas Yeganeh-Bakhtiary, Mohammad Hossein Kazeminezhad, Amir Etemad-Shahidi, and Jaco H. Baas

Abbas Yeganeh-Bakhtiary, Mohammad Hossein Kazeminezhad, Amir Etemad-Shahidi, and Jaco H. Baas
Abstract not available. [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:] posted Thu Feb 2, 2012.

Tsunami Response in Semi-Enclosed Tidal Basins Using an Aggregated Model

Susana Baston, Maitane Olabarrieta, Pedro Lomonaco, Fernando J. Mendez, and Raul Medina
An aggregated model to evaluate tsunami response in semi-enclosed water bodies is presented in this work. The model is based on one-dimensional shallow water equations and can include long-wave external forcing such as a tsunami. It has been successfully validated against experimental data from a ph ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000573] posted Tue Jan 31, 2012.

Use of Index Gradients and Default Tail-Water Depth as Aids to Hydraulic Modeling of Flow-through Rockfill Dams

David Hansen and Ali Roshanfekr
In order to assess the potential for unraveling failure of flow-through rockfill dams, a systematic study of three aspects of the hydraulic design of these structures was conducted. The first concerned finding that gradient which is most useful in independently computing the height of the point of f ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000572] posted Sat Jan 28, 2012.

Wave Damping and Smoothing in the Unsteady Pipe Flow

Marek Mitosek and Romuald Szymkiewicz
A modification of the governing equations for unsteady pipe flow is proposed, based on the results of many experiments carried out for steel and HDPE pipes of various lengths. Strong damping and smoothing of the pressure wave observed in the experiments suggest that these effects are caused not only ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000571] posted Sat Jan 28, 2012.

Improvements in Flow Rate Measurements by Flumes

Wojciech Dabrowski and Urszula Polak
Imperfections of the ISO 4359 standard related to the application of a boundary layer concept for predicting flow rates through rectangular and U-shaped flumes are described in detail. The main equation for a flume flow chart results from a system of equations consisting of the energy equation and t ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000567] posted Sat Jan 28, 2012.

On the Applicability of the De Marchi Hypothesis for Side Weir Flow in the Case of Movable Beds

Enio Paris, Luca Solari, and Giulio Bechi
Side weirs are widely used hydraulic structures typically designed and studied in the case of fixed bed conditions. In the case of subcritical flows, the hydraulics of side weirs can be modelled using the classical De Marchi hypothesis. In the present work, a generalization of this hypothesis is dev ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000566] posted Fri Jan 20, 2012.

Piano Key Weir Submergence in Channel Applications

M. R. Dabling and B. P. Tullis
Weir submergence can influence head-discharge relationships for weirs used in channel applications when high tailwater conditions exist due to a downstream control. Weir submergence describes a condition where the water level downstream of the weir exceeds the weir crest elevation. When a weir becom ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000563] posted Fri Jan 20, 2012.

Mixing of Multiple Buoyant Jets

Joseph H. W. Lee
I am grateful to the American Society of Civil Engineers for the opportunity to give this Hunter Rouse Lecture. It is indeed a great honor to be linked, even in a small way, with this historic name. I am very thankful for this appreciation of my work; this honor no doubt should also be shared with m ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000560] posted Fri Jan 20, 2012.

Scaling of Velocity Profiles for Depth-Limited Open Channel Flows over Simulated Rigid Vegetation

Nian-Sheng Cheng, Hoai Thanh Nguyen, Soon Keat Tan, and Songdong Shao
Using the plane mixing layer analogy, a length scale is proposed to normalize velocity profiles for the vegetated open channel flows. The new scaling is better than those based on the logarithmic, velocity-defect and power laws in collapsing the velocity profiles, which include measurements conducte ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000562] posted Fri Jan 20, 2012.

Variance of Discharge Estimates Sampled Using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers from Moving Platforms

Carlos M. Garcia, Leticia Tarrab, Kevin Oberg, Ricardo Szupiany, and Mariano I. Cantero
This paper presents a model for quantifying the random errors (i.e., variance) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving platforms associated with different sampling times. The model focuses on the random processes in the sampled flow field and has been developed ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558] posted Mon Jan 16, 2012.

Discussion of Velocity Profile and Flow Resistance Models for Developing Chute Flow by Oscar Castro-Orgaz

Noor Afzal, Abu Seena, and A. Bushra
Abstract not available. [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000367] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Modeling Free-Surface Flow in Rectangular Shallow Basins by Using Lattice Boltzmann Method

Y. Peng, J. G. Zhou, and R. Burrows
The free-surface flows in rectangular basins are studied by the lattice Boltzmann model for shallow-water equations including flow turbulence (LABSWE). Asymmetrical flows occurring in the basins with different ratios of length to width are simulated. The predicted results are compared with correspon ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000470] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Influence of Entrapped Air Pockets on Hydraulic Transients in Water Pipelines

Ling Zhou, Deyou Liu, Bryan Karney, and Qinfen Zhang
The pressure variations associated with a filling undulating pipeline containing an entrapped air pocket are investigated both experimentally and numerically. The influence of entrapped air on abnormal transient pressures is often ambiguous because the compressibility of the air pocket permits the l ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000460] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Finite-Depth Seepage below Flat Aprons with Equal End Cutoffs

Arun K. Jain and Lakshmi N. Reddi
Closed-form theoretical solutions for steady seepage below a horizontal impervious apron with equal end cutoffs are obtained using Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The resulting implicit equations involving elliptic integrals are used to obtain various seepage characteristics in nondimensional fl ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000459] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Bulk Flow Resistance in Vegetated Channels: Analysis of Momentum Balance Approaches Based on Data Obtained in Aging Live Vegetation

J. D. Shucksmith, J. B. Boxall, and I. Guymer
Previous work has sought to investigate flow resistance caused by vegetation in open channels. However, many existing flow resistance models are based on data from artificial plant mimics in laboratory channels and are untested with live, aging vegetation and may neglect some of the key effects. Thi ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000457] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Total Sediment Load from SEMEP Using Depth-Integrated Concentration Measurements

Seema C. Shah-Fairbank, Pierre Y. Julien, and Drew C. Baird
This study improves total sediment load calculations on the basis of depth-integrated sediment concentration measurements for channels with significant sediment transport in suspension. The series expansion of the modified Einstein procedure (SEMEP) removes most of the empiricism found in the existi ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000466] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Influence of Lateral Water Withdrawal on Bed Form Geometry in a Channel

Burkhard Rosier, Jean-Louis Boillat, and Anton J. Schleiss
In flood protection engineering, side weirs or overflow dams are used to divert water in a controlled way into flood plains as soon as the discharge capacity of the main-channel is reached. Because of the lateral loss of water, the sediment transport capacity is reduced, resulting in local sediment ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000472] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Earthen Embankment Breaching

ASCE/EWRI Task Committee on Dam/Levee Breaching
Abstract not available. [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000498] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Flow Field and Morphology Mapping Using ADCP and Multibeam Techniques: Survey in the Po River

Massimo Guerrero and Alberto Lamberti
An 8-km-long and 250-m-wide reach of the Po River (Italy) was surveyed with two vessels, aiming to investigate the channel morphology and flow field characterizing this major Italian river and to provide data for the calibration of a numerical model. The first vessel was equipped with a multibeam ec ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000464] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Deposition of Cohesive Sediment from Turbulent Plumes, Gravity Currents, and Turbidity Currents

Gregory F. Lane-Serff
Models for the deposition of cohesive sediment from turbulent plumes (or buoyant jets), gravity currents, and turbidity currents are provided in this paper. The cohesive sediment is made up of small particles that aggregate together to form larger flocs, which are in turn broken up by turbulent shea ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000463] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Rate of Growth and Other Features of the Temporal Development of Pool-Bar Complexes in Meandering Streams

Andrew D. Binns and Ana Maria Ferreira da Silva
Despite substantial research on various aspects of bed deformation in meandering streams, no systematic effort has yet been made to establish the timescales of the process. Additionally, in past experiments, as a rule, the bed was not monitored throughout the development, which has left undocumented ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000461] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Flow Resistance Caused by Large-Scale Bank Roughness in a Channel

Tobias Meile, Jean-Louis Boillat, and Anton J. Schleiss
Systematic experimental investigations have been performed under steady flow conditions in a channel whose banks are equipped with large-scale rectangular roughness elements. The purpose was to determine the flow resistance owing to such macrorough banks. The practical motivation of the study is to ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000469] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Holistic Unsteady-Friction Model for Laminar Transient Flow in Pipeline Systems

SangHyun Kim
This paper proposes a holistic unsteady-friction model for the transient simulation of the condition of laminar initial flow. The effect of wall shear stress is considered through the introduction of radial-velocity distribution with kinematic viscosity from a simplified two-dimensional Navier-Stoke ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000471] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reattached Turbulent Submerged Offset Jets on Rough Beds with Shallow Tailwater

Faruk Bhuiyan, Alireza Habibzadeh, N. Rajaratnam, and David Z. Zhu
This study investigates the characteristics of reattached plane turbulent offset jets in channels with rough beds and shallow tailwater depths. The flow consists of a deflecting free jet caused by the Coanda effect and the evolving wall jet past reattachment. In limited tailwater conditions, the jet ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000462] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Pier and Abutment Scour Interaction

Kwaku Oben-Nyarko and Robert Ettema
This paper presents the results of a series of flume experiments to evaluate the interactions between pier-scour and abutment-scour in a noncohesive boundary. To facilitate optimal structural design and minimize pier presence in a channel, many bridges have a pier located close to an abutment. Scant ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000446] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reviewers

Abstract not available. [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000503] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Closure to Velocity Profile and Flow Resistance Models for Developing Chute Flow by Oscar Castro-Orgaz

O. Castro-Orgaz
Abstract not available. [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000385] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Riprap Sizing for Pile Groups

Gonzalo Simarro, Christian Chreties, and Luis Teixeira
This work presents results on riprap sizing for pile group protection against local scour. Shear failure mechanism is addressed, avoiding edge, bed-form undermining, and winnowing modes. The influences of the flow conditions and the distance between the piles are analyzed. As a result of a laborator ... [J. Hydraul. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000458] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Arced Labyrinth Weirs

B. M. Crookston and B. P. Tullis
The discharge capacity and hydraulic efficiency of a labyrinth weir can be increased with an Arced cycle configuration. An Arced geometric layout for labyrinth weirs is presented, including nomenclature for arc-specific geometric variables. Discharge coefficients as a function of H/P for half-round ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000553] posted Thu Jan 5, 2012.

A Turbulent Based Model for Surface Erosion of Cohesive Soils

Ali R. Sharif and Joseph F. Atkinson
A model is proposed for surface erosion of cohesive soils based on physical interaction of turbulent bursts with the sediment bed. More specifically, the model deals with floc by floc erosion, appropriate for conditions of relatively low shear stress. The role of turbulent burst structures on entrai ... [Journal of Hydraulic Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000551] posted Thu Jan 5, 2012.