Journal of Applied Physics: All Topics

Anisotropic optical and thermoelectric properties of InSe and InTe

Xingfu Li, Bin Xu, Gongqi Yu, Li Xue, and Lin Yi
The anisotropic optical and thermoelectric properties of InSe and InTe are studied by the first-principles calculation using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method and the semiclassical Boltzmann theory. The optical properties show highly anisotropic in the energy range between 0. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203502 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Simulation and experiment of substrate aluminum grain orientation dependent self-ordering in anodic porous alumina

Chuan Cheng, K. Y. Ng, N. R. Aluru, and A. H. W. Ngan
Recent experiments have indicated a strong influence of the substrate grain orientation on the self-ordering in anodic porous alumina. Anodic porous alumina with straight pore channels grown in a stable, self-ordered manner is formed on (001) oriented Al grain, while disordered porous pattern is for ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204903 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Influence of anneal atmosphere on ZnO-nanorod photoluminescent and morphological properties with self-powered photodetector performance

S. M. Hatch, J. Briscoe, A. Sapelkin, W. P. Gillin, J. B. Gilchrist et al.
ZnO nanorods synthesised using an aqueous pH 11 solution are shown to exhibit surface-sensitive morphology post-annealing in oxygen, air, and nitrogen as shown by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Raman analysis confirms the nanorods were nitrogen-doped and ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204501 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Expanding the longitudinal magnetoimpedance sensor range by direct bias current

M. Ipatov, V. Zhukova, A. Zhukov, and J. Gonzalez
We investigated the effects of induced helical anisotropy and application of dc bias current I on longitudinal magnetoimpedance (MI) in amorphous microwires both separately and together. We demonstrated that when both parameters are present, i.e., a dc bias current I is applied to the microwire with ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203902 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Kelvin force microscopy characterization of charging effect in thin a-SiON:H layers deposited in pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process by tuning the Silicon-environment

C. Villeneuve-Faure, K. Makasheva, C. Bonafos, B. Despax, L. Boudou et al.
Results from a study on the charging effect of a-SiON:H thin layers are presented in this paper. Issues related to structural and electrical characterization of these layers are discussed. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine accurately the layer thickness and their optical properties, w ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204102 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Hydrodynamics of the molten metal in a vacuum arc cathode spot at near-threshold currents

G. A. Mesyats and N. M. Zubarev
The extrusion of the molten metal from a microcrater formed on a metal cathode during the operation of a vacuum arc is considered. The problem is thought to be similar to the classical hydrodynamic problem of a liquid drop impact on a solid surface. Based on this analogy, the conditions are analyzed ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203301 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Nano-particle based scattering layers for optical efficiency enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells

Hong-Wei Chang, Jonghee Lee, Simone Hofmann, Yong Hyun Kim, Lars Muller-Meskamp et al.
The performance of both organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSC) depends on efficient coupling between optical far field modes and the emitting/absorbing region of the device. Current approaches towards OLEDs with efficient light-extraction often are limited to single-colo ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204502 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Effect of growth oxygen pressure on anisotropic-strain-induced phase separation in epitaxial LaCaMnO/NdGaO(001) films

Bowen Zhi, Guanyin Gao, Zhen Huang, Lingfei Wang, Xuelian Tan et al.
The effect of deposition oxygen pressure (P) on phase separation (PS) induced in epitaxial LaCaMnO/NdGaO(001) films was investigated. Fully oxygenated films grown at high P are anisotropically strained. They exhibit PS over a wide temperature range, because of the large orthorhombicity of NdGaO subs ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203701 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Study of dopant activation in biaxially compressively strained SiGe layers using excimer laser annealing

G. V. Luong, S. Wirths, S. Stefanov, B. Hollander, J. Schubert et al.
Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA) with a wavelength of 248 nm is used to study doping of biaxialy compressively strained SiGe/Si heterostructures. The challenge is to achieve a high activation of As in SiGe, while conserving the elastic strain and suppressing dopant diffusion. Doping of 20 nm SiGe layer ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204902 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Effects of pressure, temperature, and hydrogen during graphene growth on SiC(0001) using propane-hydrogen chemical vapor deposition

A. Michon, S. Vezian, E. Roudon, D. Lefebvre, M. Zielinski et al.
Graphene growth from a propane flow in a hydrogen environment (propane-hydrogen chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) on SiC differentiates from other growth methods in that it offers the possibility to obtain various graphene structures on the Si-face depending on growth conditions. The different struct ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203501 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Nanorods of Co/Pd multilayers fabricated by glancing angle deposition for advanced media

Hao Su, Anusha Natarajarathinam, and Subhadra Gupta
Perpendicular anisotropy magnetic nanorods composed of Co/Pd multilayers have been successfully fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) in a planetary sputtering system. Co and Pd layer thickness, ratio, and bilayer number were optimized for both normal and GLAD depositions. Scanning electron ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 203901 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

The effect of Na and K doping on the properties of sol-gel deposited 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone thin films

Mahmoud Al-Omari, Kivanc Sel, Anja Mueller, Axel Mellinger, and Tolga Kaya
We describe the use of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ) thin films as a potential water vapor and electrolyte sensing material towards the goal of non-invasive relative humidity and sweat detection. We have successfully made HNQ sol-gel thin films and studied the effects of sodium and potassium io ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204901 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Bottom-up modeling of Al/Ni multilayer combustion: Effect of intermixing and role of vacancy defects on the ignition process

A. Hemeryck, J.-M. Ducere, C. Lanthony, A. Esteve, C. Rossi et al.
Vapor deposited multilayered aluminum/oxide and bimetallics are promising materials for Micro Electro Mechanical System technologies as energy carriers, for instance, microinitiators or heat microsources in biological or chemical applications. Among these materials, the Al/Ni couple has received muc ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204301 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Effect of nanoparticle polarization on relative permittivity of transformer oil-based nanofluids

Jin Miao, Ming Dong, Ming Ren, Xuezhou Wu, Liangping Shen et al.
Our experiments on a transformer oil-based nanofluid (NF) with ZnO nanoparticles reveal a higher relative permittivity than that of pure transformer oil. Meanwhile, the relative permittivity of ZnO NF presents a linear increase with nanoparticle volumetric concentration and a linear decrease with am ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204103 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Enhanced dielectric, ferroelectric, and electrostrictive properties of Pb(MgNb)TiO ceramics by ZnO modification

Methee Promsawat, Anucha Watcharapasorn, Hamel N. Tailor, Sukanda Jiansirisomboon, and Zuo-Guang Ye
The effects of ZnO modification on the dielectric, ferroelectric, and electrostrictive properties of 0.9Pb(MgNb)O-0.1PbTiO (PMNT) ceramics are systematically studied in this work. The PMNT/xZnO (with x = 0, 0.4, 2.0, 4.0, and 11.0 mol. %) ceramics of complex perovskite structure were prepared by sol ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 204101 (2013)] published Wed May 22, 2013.

Exotic magnetic response of superconducting wires subject to synchronous and asynchronous oscillating excitations

H. S. Ruiz and A. Badia-Majos
The time-dependent local electromagnetic properties of a type-II superconducting wire subject to the concomitant action of an ac transport current and an oscillating transverse magnetic field in synchronous and asynchronous regimes are thoroughly studied under the critical state approach. Relative d ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193906 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Photonically excited electron emission from modified graphitic nanopetal arrays

Patrick T. McCarthy, Scott J. Vander Laan, David B. Janes, and Timothy S. Fisher
Efficient electron emission for energy conversion requires a low work function and a stable emitter material. The work function of graphene-based carbon materials can decrease significantly by intercalation with alkali metals, thus increasing their emission current. In this work, electron emission f ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193710 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Reproducibility in the negative differential resistance characteristic of InAlN/GaN resonant tunneling diodesTheoretical investigation

Haoran Chen, Lin'an Yang, Shuang Long, and Yue Hao
We report on a simulation of gallium nitride (GaN) based resonant tunneling diode (RTD) at the Silvaco's ATLAS simulation platform with indium aluminum nitride (InAlN) as barrier layer. Results show that an excellent reproducibility of negative-differential-resistance (NDR) characteristic can be ach ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194509 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Influence of fluorine on the fiber resistance studied through the nonbridging oxygen hole center related luminescence

L. Vaccaro, M. Cannas, S. Girard, A. Alessi, A. Morana et al.
The distribution of Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole Centers (NBOHCs) in fluorine doped optical fibers was investigated by confocal microluminescence spectroscopy, monitoring their characteristic 1.9 eV luminescence band. The results show that these defects are generated by the fiber drawing and their conce ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193107 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Exchange bias in thin Heusler alloy films in contact with antiferromagnet

J. Dubowik, I. Gościanska, K. Zalȩski, H. Glowinski, Y. Kudryavtsev et al.
Exchange bias is studied in thin film systems, in which three types of Heusler alloys (NiMnSn, CoMnSn, and CoFeSi) are in contact with an antiferromagnet. Magnetic exchange interactions between the constituting atoms (i.e., Ni-Mn, Mn-Mn, Co-Mn, and Co-Fe, or Co-Co) differ substantially in these Heus ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193907 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Theoretical and experimental investigation of Raman modes, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of relaxor NaBiTiO

Manish K. Niranjan, T. Karthik, Saket Asthana, Jaysree Pan, and Umesh V. Waghmare
We use a combination of first-principles density functional theoretical analysis and experimental characterization to understand the lattice dynamics, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead-free relaxor ferroelectric NaBiTiO (NBT) system. Vibrational spectrum determined through our calculat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194106 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Phase transitions in nanoparticles of BaTiO as functions of temperature and pressure

Wei Han, Jinlong Zhu, Sijia Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xiaohui Wang et al.
We studied the temperature and pressure structural stability of 5 nm BaTiO particles by using high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, high pressure Raman spectroscopy, and high pressure impedance technique. A coexistence of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases is observed in 5 nm Barium tit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193513 (2013)] published Tue May 21, 2013.

Comprehensive analysis of alternating current electrokinetics induced motion of colloidal particles in a three-dimensional microfluidic chip

Thibault Honegger and David Peyrade
AC electrokinetics is becoming a strategic tool for lab-on-a-chip systems due to its versatility and its high level of integration. The ability to foreseen the behaviour of fluids and particles under non-uniform AC electric fields is important to allow new generations of devices. Though most of stud ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194702 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Temporal and spatial structure of a runaway electron beam in air at atmospheric pressure

D. Levko, Ya. E. Krasik, V. F. Tarasenko, D. V. Rybka, and A. G. Burachenko
The time- and spatial structure of a runaway electron beam generated in air at atmospheric pressure by a high-voltage pulse with a rise time of ~300 ps is studied experimentally and numerically. It is obtained that the duration of the runaway electron current is a few tens of picoseconds, and it can ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 196101 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Direct monitoring of minority carrier density during light induced degradation in Czochralski silicon by photoluminescence imaging

Tine Uberg Naerland, Hallvard Angelskar, and Erik Stensrud Marstein
In this paper, we present a new method for studying the light induced degradation process, in which the minority carrier density is monitored directly during light soaking by photoluminescence imaging. We show experimentally that above a certain minority carrier concentration limit, Deltan, the boro ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193707 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Direct measurement of bending stiffness and estimation of Young's modulus of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers

F. A. Ghavanini, H. Jackman, P. Lundgren, K. Svensson, and P. Enoksson
The bending stiffness of individual, as-grown, vertically aligned carbon nanofibers was measured using a custom-built atomic force microscope placed inside a scanning electron microscope. The internal structure of the nanofiber was best modeled as dual-phase, composed of an inner graphitic core cove ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194308 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Characterization of a hollow core fibre-coupled near field terahertz probe

M. Misra, Y. Pan, C. R. Williams, S. A. Maier, and S. R. Andrews
We describe the design and performance of a freely positionable THz near field probe based on a hollow core photonic crystal fibre-coupled photoconducting dipole antenna with an integrated sub-wavelength aperture. Experimental studies of the spatial resolution are compared with detailed finite eleme ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193104 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Lateral inhomogeneity of the Mg/(Zn+Mg) composition at the (Zn,Mg)O/CuIn(S,Se) thin-film solar cell interface revealed by photoemission electron microscopy

M. Bar, J.-P. Theisen, R. G. Wilks, F. Erfurth, R. Felix et al.
Spatial variations in the chemical composition of the (Zn,Mg)O/CuIn(S,Se) thin-film solar cell interface were studied by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). Energy filtered PEEM images indicate significant differences in the magnesium and zinc distribution. Local photoemission measurements rev ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193709 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

A temperature dependent measurement of the carrier velocity vs. electric field characteristic for as-grown and H-intercalated epitaxial graphene on SiC

M. Winters, J. Hassan, H. Zirath, E. Janzen, and N. Rorsman
A technique for the measurement of the electron velocity versus electric field is demonstrated on as-grown and H-intercalated graphene. Van der Pauw, coplanar microbridge, and coplanar TLM structures are fabricated in order to assess the carrier mobility, carrier concentration, sheet resistance, and ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193708 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Transverse spin penetration length in metallic spin valves

Pavel Balaz, Jozef Barnaś, and Jean-Philippe Ansermet
A semiclassical description of diffusive spin transport in spin valves, which takes into account the transverse components of spin accumulation, is used to calculate the second harmonic voltage response to a low-frequency current. The description is applied to single as well as dual spin valves, wit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193905 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Thermal rectification at silicon/horizontally aligned carbon nanotube interfaces

Xiaoliang Zhang, Ming Hu, and Dawei Tang
Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the thermal rectification effect of a system composed of a 400 nm long horizontally aligned single-walled (10, 10) carbon nanotube (CNT) and Si substrate. By imposing a series of positive and negative heat currents across t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194307 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Temperature dependence of the structural, magnetic, and magnetostrictive properties of zinc-substituted cobalt ferrite

I. C. Nlebedim, M. Vinitha, P. J. Praveen, D. Das, and D. C. Jiles
This study presents the effects of substitution of Zn for Co at low concentrations and the effects of temperature variations on the structural, magnetic, and magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite. Although the Zn-substituted cobalt ferrite samples, CoZnFeO (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, and 0. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193904 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Medium range order engineering in amorphous silicon thin films for solid phase crystallization

Felix Law, Per I. Widenborg, Joachim Luther, and Bram Hoex
In recent years, it has been recognized that medium range ordering (MRO) in amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) plays a role in controlling its solid phase crystallization (SPC) behavior. Information on the MRO can be obtained from the width of the first X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of a-Si:H centered around ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193511 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Modeling of plasticity and fracture of metals at shock loading

A. E. Mayer, K. V. Khishchenko, P. R. Levashov, and P. N. Mayer
In this paper, we present a model of dislocation plasticity and fracture of metals, which in combination with the wide-range equation of state and the continuum mechanics equations is a necessary component for simulation of the shock-wave loading. We take into account immobilization of dislocations ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193508 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Bidirectional optical switch based on electrowetting

Chao Liu, Lei Li, and Qiong-Hua Wang
In this paper, we demonstrate a bidirectional optical switch based on electrowetting. Four rectangular polymethyl methacrylate substrates are stacked to form the device and three ITO electrodes are fabricated on the bottom substrate. A black liquid droplet is placed on the middle of the ITO electrod ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193106 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Germanium-tin n-channel tunneling field-effect transistor: Device physics and simulation study

Yue Yang, Kain Lu Low, Wei Wang, Pengfei Guo, Lanxiang Wang et al.
We investigate germanium-tin alloy (GeSn) as a material for the design of tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) operating at low supply voltages. Compared with Ge, GeSn has a smaller band-gap. The reported band-gap of GeSn is 0.477 eV, ~28% smaller than that of Ge. More importantly, GeSn becomes ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194507 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Efficiency limits for the rectification of solar radiation

Heylal Mashaal and Jeffrey M. Gordon
Efficiency limits for rectifying (converting AC to DC) incoherent broadband radiation are presented, prompted by establishing a fundamental bound for solar rectennas. For an individual full-wave rectifier, the bound is 2/pi. The efficiency boosts attainable with cascaded rectifiers are also derived. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193509 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Domain evolution processes during poling of a near-morphotropic Pb(Zr, Ti)O ceramic

K. L. Kim, N. T. Tsou, and J. E. Huber
Domain wall motion during the poling of near-morphotropic Pb(Zr,Ti)O PZT was observed using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). Poling was conducted on bulk polycrystalline PZT in a series of steps, interrupted by vertical PFM scans, which were used to identify the domain evolution processes. The ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194104 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

A configurational entropy-loss law for non-Arrhenius relaxation in disordered systems

Yi-zhen Wang, X. Frank Zhang, and Jin-xiu Zhang
From Nowick's self-induced ordering theory, we develop a new configurational entropy relation to describe the non-Arrhenius temperature (T)-dependent relaxation in disordered systems. Both the loss of configurational entropy and the coupling interaction among relaxing units (RUs) are explicitly intr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194105 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Electron Linac design to drive bright Compton back-scattering gamma-ray sources

A. Bacci, D. Alesini, P. Antici, M. Bellaveglia, R. Boni et al.
The technological development in the field of high brightness linear accelerators and high energy/high quality lasers enables today designing high brilliance Compton-X and Gamma-photon beams suitable for a wide range of applications in the innovative field of nuclear photonics. The challenging requi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194508 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Conversion mechanism of conductivity of phosphorus-doped ZnO films induced by post-annealing

Jichao Li, Bin Yao, Yongfeng Li, Zhanhui Ding, Ying Xu et al.
The effects of post-annealing on conductivity of phosphorus-doped ZnO (PZO) films grown at 500 degrees C by radio frequency magnetron sputtering are investigated in a temperature ranging from 600 degrees C to 900 degrees C. The as-grown PZO exhibits n-type conductivity with an electron concentrat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193105 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Thermoluminescence properties of TlGaSSe layered single crystals

S. Delice, M. Isik, E. Bulur, and N. M. Gasanly
The trap center(s) in TlGaSSe single crystals has been investigated from thermoluminescence (TL) measurements in the temperature range of 10300 K. Curve fitting, initial rise, and peak shape methods were applied to observed TL glow curve to evaluate the activation energy, capture cross section, and ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193510 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

On the structural stability of CeN at high pressures: Ab initio calculations

B. D. Sahoo, K. D. Joshi, and Satish C. Gupta
The structural stability of CeN under hydrostatic compression has been analyzed theoretically. The comparison of enthalpies calculated as a function of hydrostatic compression for rocksalt type (B1), tetragonal (B10), and CsCl type (B2) structures suggests that the B1 phase will transform to B10 str ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193512 (2013)] published Mon May 20, 2013.

Sound absorbing property of porous metal materials with high temperature and high sound pressure by turbulence analogy

Jiu Hui Wu, Zhi Ping Hu, and Han Zhou
A quantitative theoretical model is presented to investigate the sound absorbing property of porous metal materials with high temperature and high sound pressure based on Kolmogorov turbulence theory in this paper. The porous materials have a large number of anomalous pores with similar scale, and t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194905 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler ZrHfNiSn by first-principles calculations

D. F. Zou, S. H. Xie, Y. Y. Liu, J. G. Lin, and J. Y. Li
The electronic structures of ZrHfNiSn and the parent compounds ZrNiSn and HfNiSn are investigated by using first-principles calculations, and the thermoelectric properties are calculated on the base of the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory and the empirical thermal conductivity model. The te ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193705 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Erratum: X-ray reciprocal space mapping of dislocation-mediated strain relaxation during InGaAs/GaAs(001) epitaxial growth [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 113502 (2011)]

Takuo Sasaki, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Masamitu Takahasi, Yoshio Ohshita, Itaru Kamiya et al.
Abstract not available. [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 199901 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Appearance of local strain fields and high electrical conductivity of macro-defects in P-implanted 4H-SiC

K. Ishiji, S. Kawado, Y. Hirai, and S. Nagamachi
We investigated the implantation-temperature-dependence of defect structures of P-implanted 4H-SiC using synchrotron white-beam x-ray topography, which revealed hitherto unknown defect images in SiC implanted at 300 and 500 degrees C, though they were not observed in SiC implanted at 30 and 150 de ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194505 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Hierarchical multiscale model for biomechanics analysis of microfilament networks

Tong Li, Y. T. Gu, Xi-Qiao Feng, Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda, and Adekunle Oloyede
The mechanisms of force generation and transference via microfilament networks are crucial to the understandings of mechanobiology of cellular processes in living cells. However, there exists an enormous challenge for all-atom physics simulation of real size microfilament networks due to scale limit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194701 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Understanding temperature dependence of threshold voltage in pentacene thin film transistors

Qi-Jun Sun, Xu Gao, and Sui-Dong Wang
Threshold voltage in the pentacene-based organic thin film transistors is found to be linearly increased with decreasing measuring temperature, indicating that the threshold voltage is dominated by the deep hole trapping in an approximately energy-independent trap distribution. The slope of threshol ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194506 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Slater-Pauling behavior in LiMgPdSn-type multifunctional quaternary Heusler materials: Half-metallicity, spin-gapless and magnetic semiconductors

K. Ozdogan, E. Şaşıoglu, and I. Galanakis
We employ ab-initio electronic structure calculations to study 60 LiMgPdSn-type (also known as LiMgPdSb-type) quaternary Heusler compounds. All compounds obey the Slater-Pauling rule with diverse electronic and magnetic properties. 41 compounds are found to be half-metals, 8 spin-gapless semiconduct ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193903 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Direct pulsed laser crystallization of nanocrystals for absorbent layers in photovoltaics: Multiphysics simulation and experiment

Martin Y. Zhang, Qiong Nian, Yung Shin, and Gary J. Cheng
Direct pulsed laser crystallization (DPLC) of nanoparticles of photoactive materialCopper Indium Selenide (nanoCIS) is investigated by multiphysics simulation and experiments. Laser interaction with nanoparticles is fundamentally different from their bulk counterparts. A multiphysics electromagnetic ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193506 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Principal physical properties of GaN/AlN multiquantum well systems determined by density functional theory calculations

Pawel Strak, Pawel Kempisty, Maria Ptasinska, and Stanislaw Krukowski
A critical comparison of three polarization based approaches with the fields in AlN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) systems proved that they give identical results. The direct density functional theory (DFT) results, i.e., the fields, are in qualitative agreement with data obtained within the pola ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193706 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Trap levels in the atomic layer deposition-ZnO/GaN heterojunctionThermal admittance spectroscopy studies

Tomasz A. Krajewski, Peter Stallinga, Eunika Zielony, Krzysztof Goscinski, Piotr Kruszewski et al.
In this work, a n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction is analyzed using admittance spectroscopy techniques. Capacitance transient measurements performed at 10 kHz reveal four majority-carrier deep levels, the most important one located at approximately 0.57 eV below the ZnO conduction band (CB) edge with a den ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194504 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Influence of hydrogen on the regeneration of boron-oxygen related defects in crystalline silicon

S. Wilking, A. Herguth, and G. Hahn
When exposed to light, boron doped monocrystalline Czochralski grown silicon suffers from degradation of the minority carrier lifetime due to the formation of recombination active boron-oxygen related defects. The so called regeneration procedure is able to convert these recombination active defects ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194503 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Kinetics and thermodynamics associated with Bi adsorption transitions at Cu and Ni grain boundaries

Kaiping Tai, Lin Feng, and Shen J. Dillon
The grain boundary diffusivity of Au in Cu and Cu-Bi, and Cu in Ni and Ni-Bi are characterized by secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profiling. Samples are equilibrated in a Bi containing atmosphere at temperatures above and below the onset of grain boundary adsorption transitions, sometimes call ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193507 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Investigation of the role of silver species on spectroscopic features of Sm-activated sodiumaluminosilicate glasses via Ag-Na ion exchange

Longji Li, Yong Yang, Dacheng Zhou, Zhengwen Yang, Xuhui Xu et al.
The introduction of silver into the Sm-doped sodiumaluminosilicate glasses prepared by Ag-Na ion exchange leads to the formation of different ionic silver species. Under 270 nm/250 nm excitation, effective enhancement of Sm luminescence is ascribed to radiative energy transfer from isolated Ag to Sm ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193103 (2013)] published Fri May 17, 2013.

Low frequency driven oscillations of cantilevers in viscous fluids at very low Reynolds number

G. A. Cranch, J. E. Lane, G. A. Miller, and J. W. Lou
The motion of submerged cantilevers driven by viscous fluids is experimentally investigated and a previously published theoretical model is verified over a broad range of Reynolds number covering 4 x 10<=Re<=2000 at frequencies up to 1 kHz. Both planar and cylindrical cantilevers are implemented usi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194904 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

On the optical and morphological properties of microstructured Black Silicon obtained by cryogenic-enhanced plasma reactive ion etching

K. N. Nguyen, P. Basset, F. Marty, Y. Leprince-Wang, and T. Bourouina
Motivated by the need for obtaining low reflectivity silicon surfaces, we report on (sub-) micro-texturing of silicon using a high throughput fabrication process involving SF/O reactive ion etching at cryogenic temperatures, leading to Black Silicon (BS). The corresponding high aspect ratio conical ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194903 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Preparation and characterization of Ni(111)/graphene/YO(111) heterostructures

Arjun Dahal, Horacio Coy-Diaz, Rafik Addou, James Lallo, Eli Sutter et al.
Integration of graphene with other materials by direct growth, i.e., not using mechanical transfer procedures, is investigated on the example of metal/graphene/dielectric heterostructures. Such structures may become useful in spintronics applications using graphene as a spin-filter. Here, we systema ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194305 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Why twisting angles are diverse in graphene Moire patterns?

Jin-Wu Jiang, Bing-Shen Wang, and Timon Rabczuk
The interlayer energy of the twisting bilayer graphene is investigated by the molecular mechanics method using both the registry-dependent potential and the Lennard-Jones potential. Both potentials show that the interlayer energy is independent of the twisting angle theta, except in the two boundary ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194304 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Performance limits of transition metal dichalcogenide (MX) nanotube surround gate ballistic field effect transistors

Amretashis Sengupta and Santanu Mahapatra
We theoretically analyze the performance of transition metal dichalcogenide (MX) single wall nanotube (SWNT) surround gate MOSFET, in the 10 nm technology node. We consider semiconducting armchair (n, n) SWNT of MoS, MoSe, WS, and WSe for our study. The material properties of the nanotubes are evalu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194502 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Bi-layer AlO/ZnO atomic layer deposition for controllable conductive coatings on polypropylene nonwoven fiber mats

William J. Sweet, III, Jesse S. Jur, and Gregory N. Parsons
Electrically conductive zinc oxide coatings are applied to polypropylene nonwoven fiber mats by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 50155 degrees C. A low temperature (50 degrees C) aluminum oxide ALD base layer on the polypropylene limits diffusion of diethyl zinc into the polypropylene, resulting i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194303 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Computational analysis of hot-spot formation by quasi-steady deformation waves in porous explosive

John Gilbert, Sunada Chakravarthy, and Keith A. Gonthier
The impact and shock sensitivity of porous (granular) high-explosives is related to the formation of small mass regions of elevated temperature within the material called hot-spots by dissipative mechanisms such as plastic and friction work. Because of their small size, hot-spots are difficult to ex ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194901 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

The role of surface states in modification of carrier transport in silicon nanowires

Kamran Rasool, M. A. Rafiq, Mushtaq Ahmad, Zahid Imran, and M. M. Hasan
We investigate transport properties of polyacrylic acid (PAA) capped n and p-type silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays. PAA diluted with deionized water at different concentrations was spun directly on vertically grown SiNW arrays prepared by metal assisted electroless chemical etching. PAA provides mecha ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193703 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Progressive structural and electronic properties of nano-structured carbon atomic chains

D. Usanmaz and G. P. Srivastava
Ab initio calculations, based on the planewave pseudopotential method and the density functional theory, have been reported on the changes in the electronic and structural properties of short carbon atomic chains held rigidly between hydrogenated thin armchair graphene nanoribbons (N-AGNR) of dimer ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193704 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Enhanced temperature dependent junction magnetoresistance in LaSrMnO/Zn(Fe, Al)O carrier induced dilute magnetic semiconductor junctions

S. Chattopadhyay, J. Panda, and T. K. Nath
Metal-semiconductor type junction based on p-type LaSrMnO and n-type ZnO, Zn(Fe)O or Zn(Fe,Al)O with different Fe concentrations have been fabricated on (0001) sapphire substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. While the metal-semiconductor type junction with LaSrMnO (LSMO) and ZnO or Zn(Fe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194501 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Coercivity enhancement of anisotropic die-upset Nd-Fe-B powders by Pr-Cu alloy diffusion

Fangming Wan, Jingzhi Han, Yinfeng Zhang, Xiaodong Zhang, Jinbo Yang et al.
The grain boundary diffusion treatment using the low melting point Pr-Cu eutectic alloy was applied to enhance the coercivity of anisotropic die-upset Nd-Fe-B powders. It was found that the room temperature coercivity of the powders increases from 13 kOe to 24 kOe. The thickness of the grain boundar ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193902 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Controlled synthesis of buried delta-layers of Ag nanocrystals for near-field plasmonic effects on free surfaces

Patrizio Benzo, Caroline Bonafos, Maxime Bayle, Robert Carles, Laura Cattaneo et al.
We report on the shallow synthesis by low energy ion implantation of delta-layers of Ag nanocrystals in SiO at few nanometers under its free surface. Transmission electron microscopy observations, ballistic simulations, and reflectance measurements are coupled to define the conditions for which the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193505 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Polarization dependence of absorption by bound electrons in self-assembled quantum dots

Tarek A. Ameen and Yasser M. El-Batawy
In this paper, the effects of the incident light polarization on the bound to continuum linear absorption coefficient of quantum dot devices have been investigated. The study is based on the effective mass theory and the Non Equilibrium Green's Function formalism. For the bound to continuum componen ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193102 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

The effect of high-In content capping layers on low-density bimodal-sized InAs quantum dots

G. Trevisi, I. Suarez, L. Seravalli, D. Rivas, P. Frigeri et al.
The structural and morphological features of bimodal-sized InAs/(In)GaAs quantum dots with density in the low 10 cm range were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and were related to their optical properties, investigated with photoluminescence and time-resolve ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194306 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Cross-plane thermoelectric transport in p-type LaSrMnO/LaMnO oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices

Pankaj Jha, Timothy D. Sands, Philip Jackson, Cory Bomberger, Tela Favaloro et al.
The cross-plane thermoelectric transport properties of LaSrMnO (LSMO)/LaMnO (LMO) oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices were investigated. The LSMO and LMO thin-film depositions were performed using pulsed laser deposition to achieve low resistivity constituent materials for LSMO/LMO superlattice ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193702 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Constructal paddle design with fingers

E. Cetkin, S. Lorente, and A. Bejan
Here, we show how the performance of a paddle that pushes a fluid can be increased by making parallel slits through it. The slit spacing is varied to see its effect on the drag force and the maximum stress in the paddle. The effect of water speed and paddle dimensions is documented. Designs with one ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194902 (2013)] published Thu May 16, 2013.

Graphene Hall bar with an asymmetric pn-junction

S. P. Milovanovic, M. Ramezani Masir, and F. M. Peeters
We investigated the magnetic field dependence of the Hall and the bend resistances in the ballistic regime for a single layer graphene Hall bar structure containing a pn-junction. When both regions are n-type the Hall resistance dominates and Hall type of plateaus are formed. These plateaus occur as ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193701 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Polarization properties of single and ensembles of InAs/InP quantum rod nanowires emitting in the telecom wavelengths

R. Anufriev, N. Chauvin, H. Khmissi, K. Naji, J.-B. Barakat et al.
The absorption and emission polarization properties of InAs quantum rods embedded in InP nanowires (NWs) are investigated by mean of (micro-)photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is shown that the degree of linear polarization of emission (0.94) and absorption (0.5) of a single NW can be explained by t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193101 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

First-principles study of temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients: Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium in alpha-Ti

Yong Lu and Ping Zhang
We report the prediction of temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients of interstitial hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium atoms in alpha-Ti using transition state theory. The microscopic parameters in the pre-factor and activation energy of the impurity diffusion coefficients are obtained from first ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193502 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Voltage-driven perpendicular magnetic domain switching in multiferroic nanoislands

Jia-Mian Hu, T. N. Yang, L. Q. Chen, and C. W. Nan
We show that, using phase-field simulations, large voltage-driven perpendicular magnetic domain switching can be realized in magnetic-ferroelectric nanoislands with relieved substrate constraint, which is difficult in continuous multiferroic layered thin films due to significant substrate clamping. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194301 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Adhesion and friction control localized folding in supported graphene

K. Zhang and M. Arroyo
Graphene deposited on planar surfaces often exhibits sharp and localized folds delimiting seemingly planar regions, as a result of compressive stresses transmitted by the substrate. Such folds alter the electronic and chemical properties of graphene, and therefore, it is important to understand thei ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193501 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Thermal and optical properties of glass and crystalline phases formed in the binary RO-AlO (R = La-Lu and Y) system

Malahalli Vijaya Kumar, Takehiko Ishikawa, B. Basavalingu, Junpei T. Okada, and Yuki Watanabe
Rare-earth aluminate (RAlO, R = LaLu and Y) glass and crystalline phases were prepared by containerless levitation in an aerodynamic levitation furnace. In the RAlO system, La, Nd and Sm aluminum perovskites solidified as glass and EuLu and Y aluminum perovskites solidified as crystalline phases. Th ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193503 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Structural and vibrational stability of M and Z phases of silicon and germanium from first principles

A. Bautista-Hernandez, T. Rangel, A. H. Romero, G.-M. Rignanese, M. Salazar-Villanueva et al.
First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structural feasibility of M and Z phases (novel monoclinic and orthorhombic structures recently reported for carbon) for silicon and germanium. The lattice parameters, bulk modulus, vibrational properties, and elastic constants are calc ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193504 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Ferromagnetism, adatom effect, and edge reconstruction induced by Klein boundary in graphene nanoribbons

Zhi-qiang Bao, Jun-jie Shi, and Min Zhang
The electronic structure and magnetic characteristics of Klein graphene nanoribbons (KGNRs), as observed by Suenaga and Koshino [K. Suenaga and M. Koshino, Nature 468, 1088 (2010)], are investigated using first-principles calculations. We find three new characteristics induced by the Klein boundary. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194302 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Flexoelectric effect on the electroelastic responses of bending piezoelectric nanobeams

Z. Yan and L. Y. Jiang
Flexoelectricity, referring to a spontaneous electric polarization induced by strain gradient in dielectrics, presents a strong size dependency at the nanoscale. In the current work, the influence of the flexoelectric effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of bending piezoelectric nanobe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194102 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Size dependent magnetic and dielectric properties of nano CoFeO prepared by a salt assisted gel-combustion method

K. Vasundhara, S. N. Achary, S. K Deshpande, P. D. Babu, S. S. Meena et al.
In this communication, we report the preparation and properties of nano-CoFeO by gel combustion in presence of KCl and subsequent heat treatments. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, and Mossbauer Spectroscopy. Spinel type structure with all Fe in 3+ oxidatio ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194101 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Mesoscopic analysis of leakage current suppression in ZrO/AlO/ZrO nano-laminates

Dominik Martin, Matthias Grube, Wenke Weinreich, Johannes Muller, Walter M. Weber et al.
Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitors, with ZrO/AlO/ZrO (ZAZ)-nanolaminate thin-films as a dielectric layer, exhibit reduced leakage currents compared to corresponding capacitors based on pure ZrO while maintaining a sufficiently high dielectric constant for the DRAM application. This work is a comparati ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 194103 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Investigating the magnetic field effect on electron-hole pair in organic semiconductor devices

W. Qin, K. Gao, S. Yin, and S. J. Xie
By constructing dynamic equations including electrons, holes and their pair densities, we calculate the magnetoconductance (MC) and the magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) separately. It is indicated that MC and MEL may result from different response on the applied magnetic field. MC is from the scatte ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 193901 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Spin injection from Heusler alloys into semiconductors: A materials perspective

R. Farshchi and M. Ramsteiner
The notion of using electron spins as bits for highly efficient computation coupled with non-volatile data storage has driven an intense international research effort over the past decade. Such an approach, known as spin-based electronics or spintronics, is considered to be a promising alternative t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 191101 (2013)] published Wed May 15, 2013.

Controlling the optical scattering of plasmonic nanoparticles using a thin dielectric layer

A. W. Powell, M. B. Wincott, A. A. R. Watt, H. E. Assender, and J. M. Smith
The effect of a thin dielectric film on the plasmonic behaviour of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) above a high refractive index substrate is explored. Using finite-difference time domain simulations, the optical properties of Ag nanoparticles are investigated as a function of film thickness, refractive ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184311 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Diffusion of carbon oxides in SiO during SiC oxidation: A first-principles study

Toru Akiyama, Kohji Nakamura, Tomonori Ito, Hiroyuki Kageshima, and Masashi Uematsu
The diffusion mechanisms of CO and CO molecules in SiO during SiC oxidation are theoretically investigated by means of total-energy calculations within the density-functional theory. We find characteristic features of the stable structures of carbon oxides depending on polymorph of SiO. The calculat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184312 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Strain effects on formation and migration energies of oxygen vacancy in perovskite ferroelectrics: A first-principles study

Q. Yang, J. X. Cao, Y. Ma, Y. C. Zhou, L. M. Jiang et al.
Oxygen vacancies (V) and their migration and redistribution are believed to be the dominant factors resulting in the degradation of ferroelectrics. Thus, suppressing the formation and mobility of V is quite crucial for the physical properties of ferroelectric materials. In this paper, the ab-biaxial ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184110 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Polarization rotation theory for field-induced-phase transitions in BaTiO single crystal

Hui Zhang
We have proposed the polarization rotation theory to understand the underlying physics of the large piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric crystals by referring to the coherent rotation model in ferromagnetism. When both the electric field energy and crystalline anisotropy energy are taken into accou ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184111 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Strain-engineered orthorhombic-rhombohedral phase boundary in epitaxial bismuth ferrite films

Y. Y. Liu, L. Yang, and J. Y. Li
Strain-engineered phase boundaries in epitaxial bismuth ferrite films has been investigated via thermodynamics analysis in good agreement with both experimental and first principle studies, and a novel orthorhombic-rhombohedral (OR) phase boundary is found to exist under tensile misfit strain. In co ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183524 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Electrical conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotube films in strong electric field

D. Seliuta, L. SubaCius, I. Kasalynas, M. Shuba, A. Paddubskaya et al.
Carrier transport features in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films under strong electric fields (up to 10 V/cm) are presented. Application of electrical pulses of nanosecond duration allowed to minimize Joule heating and resolve intrinsic nonlinearities with the electric field. Investigations w ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183719 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Absence of tetragonal distortion in (1x)SrTiO-xBi(ZnTi)O solid solution

Rishikesh Pandey, Ravi Kiran Pillutla, Uma Shankar, and Akhilesh Kumar Singh
We have carried out powder x-ray diffraction and dielectric studies on the lead free solid solution (1x)SrTiO-xBi(ZnTi)O [(1x)ST-xBZT] with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.50 to explore the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data reveals the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184109 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Electrical modeling of InSb PiN photodiode for avalanche operation

J. Abautret, J. P. Perez, A. Evirgen, F. Martinez, P. Christol et al.
Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics at 77 K of InSb pin photodiodes, in dark condition and under illumination, were simulated in view to design an avalanche photodiode (APD). Theoretical J-V results were compared with experimental results, performed on InSb diode fabricated by molecular be ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183716 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Lattice, band, and spin engineering in ZnCoO

Hiroaki Matsui and Hitoshi Tabata
This work was conducted to investigate lattice, band, and spin engineering of magnetic ZnCoO layers towards quantum barriers in ZnO. Lattice distortions by doping with Co ions caused a flat tetrahedron in the host, leading to an increase of spontaneous polarization in ZnCoO compared to ZnO based on ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183525 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Anisotropy of the silicon valence band induced by strain with various orientations

Takeshi Inaoka, Yuki Kinjyo, Susumu Yanagisawa, and Kazuya Tomori
Using the first-principles-optimized kp method and the first-principles density-functional theory in a cooperative manner, we investigate the anisotropy of the silicon valence band induced by uniaxial or biaxial strain with various orientations. Our analysis of the angle dependence of the hole effec ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183718 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Linear polarization sensitivity of magnetotransport in irradiated two-dimensional electron systems

Jesus Inarrea
We study the role of the linear polarization angle of radiation on the magnetoresistance oscillations in irradiated two-dimensional electron systems. We consider different regimes, from the radiation electric field parallel to the current to perpendicular to it. We obtain, in agreement with the expe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183717 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Influence of the patch field on work function measurements based on the secondary electron emission

N. Bundaleski, J. Trigueiro, A. G. Silva, A. M. C. Moutinho, and O. M. N. D. Teodoro
A work function study based on the onset shift (i.e., following low energy cut-off) of secondary electron spectra has been used for the last four decades to monitor the deposition and adsorption in real time, measure the dipole momentum and polarizability of the surface layer, and determine the late ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183720 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Color-tunable upconversion luminescence of Yb, Er, and Tm tri-doped ferroelectric BaTiO materials

Yang Zhang and Jianhua Hao
Tunable upconversion (UC) multicolor luminescence is observed from Yb, Er, and Tm tri-doped ferroelectric BaTiO (BTO) materials. By control of dopant concentrations, the lanthanide-doped BTO powders are capable of generating various UC spectra and color tunability. A white-light emission is achieved ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184112 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Insight into high-reflectivity AlN/GaN Bragg reflectors with spontaneously formed (Al,Ga)N transient layers at the interfaces

Z. GaCevic, A. Eljarrat, F. Peiro, and E. Calleja
This work gives a detailed insight into how the formation of (Al,Ga)N transient layers (TLs) at the interfaces of AlN/GaN Bragg reflectors modifies their structural and optical properties. While abrupt AlN/GaN interfaces are typically characterized with a network of microcracks, those with TLs are c ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183106 (2013)] published Tue May 14, 2013.

Pressure induced para-antiferromagnetic switching in BiFeOPbTiO as determined using in-situ neutron diffraction

Tim P. Comyn, Tim Stevenson, Maisoon Al-Jawad, William G. Marshall, Ronald I. Smith et al.
BiFeOPbTiO exhibits both ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order, depending on the composition. Moderate hydrostatic pressures have been used at room temperature to transform the crystallographic phase from P4mm to R3c for the compositions 0.7BiFeO0.3PbTiO and 0.65BiFeO0.35PbTiO, as determined usi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183910 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Imaging a nuclear reactor using cosmic ray muons

John Perry, Mara Azzouz, Jeffrey Bacon, Konstantin Borozdin, Elliott Chen et al.
The passage of muons through matter is dominated by the Coulomb interaction with electrons and nuclei. The muon interaction with electrons leads to continuous energy loss and stopping of the muons. The muon interaction with nuclei leads to angular diffusion. We present experimental images of a nucle ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184909 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Contact electrification by collision of homogenous particles

L. Xie, G. Li, N. Bao, and Jun Zhou
Contact electrification by collisions of homogenous particles is investigated by two-particle collision experiments, which reveals the relation between electrification and the diameter ratio and relative colliding velocity of the two particles. Then, based on researches reported by Grzybowski's rese ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184908 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Electrical characterisation and predictive simulation of defects induced by keV Si implantation in n-type Si

C. Nyamhere, F. Cristiano, F. Olivie, Z. Essa, E. Bedel-Pereira et al.
In this work, we focused on the analysis of implantation-induced defects, mainly small interstitial clusters (ICs) and {311} defects introduced in n-type Si after ion implantation using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Silicon ions (at 160 keV or 190 keV) of fluences ranging from (0.18.0) ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184508 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Impact of UV/O treatment on solution-processed amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors

Kenichi Umeda, Takaaki Miyasako, Ayumu Sugiyama, Atsushi Tanaka, Masayuki Suzuki et al.
Ultravioletozone (UV/O) treatment was adopted to the fabrication of solution-processed amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs), with metal composition of In:Ga:Zn = 1:1:1 represented by InGaZnO. By applying UV/O treatment InGaZnO gel films, their condensation was notably enhanced through deco ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184509 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

First-principles study of edge-modified armchair graphene nanoribbons

Hideyuki Jippo and Mari Ohfuchi
We have used first-principles methods to study the geometries and electronic structures of hydrogen (H), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and hydroxyl (OH) terminated armchair graphene nanoribbons (H-AGNRs, F-AGNRs, Cl-AGNRs, and OH-AGNRs) with ribbon widths N = 7 and 19. The most stable geometries of H ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183715 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Three dimensional numerical study on the efficiency of a core-shell InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well nanowire light-emitting diodes

Chi-Kang Li, Hung-Chih Yang, Ta-Cheng Hsu, Yu-Jiun Shen, Ai-Sen Liu et al.
This paper presents the findings of investigating core-shell multiple quantum well nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A fully self-consistent three dimensional model that solves Poisson and drift-diffusion equations was employed to investigate the current flow and quantum-confined stark effect. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183104 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Theoretical model: Disorder and transport in amorphous nitrogenated carbon ribbons

Mikhail V. Katkov and Somnath Bhattacharyya
We investigate the origin of the nitrogen induced conductance cross-over in quasi-one dimensional disordered carbon structures through the analysis of resonant transmission features of electrons. The tight-binding model of the electronic structure of carbon was employed to calculate the transmission ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183712 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Heteroepitaxy between wurtzite and corundum materials

Yuki Hayashi, Ryan G. Banal, Mitsuru Funato, and Yoichi Kawakami
Heteroepitaxy of wurtzite semiconductors on corundum substrates is widely used in modern optoelectronic devices, because both crystals belong to the same hexagonal close-packed system. However, the constituent atoms in the wurtzite structure align in an ideal hexagon within the (0001) plane, whereas ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183523 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Isolated substitutional cobalt and Co-related complexes in silicon

L. Scheffler, Vl. Kolkovsky, and J. Weber
Two dominant peaks at E 0.39 eV and E + 0.46 eV previously assigned to substitutional cobalt are shown to belong to different defects by high-resolution Laplace Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. We assign the level in the upper half of the band gap to substitutional Co, whereas the level in the lo ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183714 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Electromechanical responses of Cu strips

Guangfeng Zhao, Ming Liu, Zhinan An, Yang Ren, Peter K. Liaw et al.
Electrical-thermal-mechanical behavior of materials plays an important role in controlling the structural integrity of electromechanical structures of small volumes. The electromechanical response of Cu strips was studied by passing an electric current through the strips with electric current densit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183521 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Qualitative study of temperature-dependent spin signals in n-Ge-based lateral devices with FeSi/n-Ge Schottky-tunnel contacts

K. Hamaya, Y. Baba, G. Takemoto, K. Kasahara, S. Yamada et al.
We study electrical spin injection and detection in n-Ge across FeSi/n-Ge Schottky tunnel barriers. Spin-accumulation signals detected electrically by the three-terminal Hanle-effect measurements have large temperature dependence, and the spin signals disappear at around 200 K. We find that the temp ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183713 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

A reactive magnetron sputtering route for attaining a controlled core-rim phase partitioning in CuO/CuO thin films with resistive switching potential

A. A. Ogwu and T. H. Darma
The achievement of a reproducible and controlled deposition of partitioned CuO/CuO thin films by techniques compatible with ULSI processing like reactive magnetron sputtering has been reported as an outstanding challenge in the literature. This phase partitioning underlies their performance as rever ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183522 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Far-field optical superlenses without metal

Charles J. Regan, Daniel Dominguez, Luis Grave de Peralta, and Ayrton A. Bernussi
The spatial resolution in traditional optical microscopy is limited by diffraction. This prevents imaging of features with dimensions smaller than half of the wavelength (lambda) of the illumination source. Superlenses have been recently proposed and demonstrated to overcome this issue. However, its ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183105 (2013)] published Mon May 13, 2013.

Distortion of electronic structure in HfO induced by the out-diffused As from GaAs substrate

Jing-Lan He, Qing-Qing Sun, Hong-Liang Lu, Peng-Fei Wang, Shi-Jin Ding et al.
The out diffusion of As is considered as one of the key issues of GaAs-based devices. We performed first-principles calculation to study the electronic structure distortion of HfO induced by out-diffused As. As diffused into oxygen vacancy of HfO results in several gap states ranging from 1.38 eV to ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 186101 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Thermal conductivity dependence on chain length in amorphous polymers

Junhua Zhao, Jin-Wu Jiang, Ning Wei, Yancheng Zhang, and Timon Rabczuk
We apply united-atom (UA) nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to predict the thermal conductivity for amorphous polyethylene at room temperature with chain length (CL) increasing from 4 to 1260. The thermal conductivity is determined by the competition of the two mechanisms: (1) The collis ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184304 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Surface states effect on photoluminescence of CdS colloidal nanocrystals

A. V. Katsaba, S. A. Ambrozevich, A. G. Vitukhnovsky, V. V. Fedyanin, A. N. Lobanov et al.
CdS colloidal nanocrystals with an average size of 4.5 nm and oleic acid as surfactant were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting technique at different temperatures. Observed spectra revealed three thermally activated luminescence bands at 2.15, 1.7 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184306 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Phonon-assisted Zener tunneling in a cylindrical nanowire transistor

H. Carrillo-Nunez, Wim Magnus, William G. Vandenberghe, Bart Soree, and Francois M. Peeters
The tunneling current has been computed for a cylindrical nanowire tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) with an all-round gate that covers the source region. Being the underlying mechanism, band-to-band tunneling, mediated by electronphonon interaction, is pronouncedly affected by carrier confin ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184507 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Asymmetric Lamb wave propagation in phononic crystal slabs with graded grating

Jiu-jiu Chen, Xu Han, and Guang-Yao Li
Asymmetric Lamb wave propagation is important for control and manipulation of the Lamb wave signals in various devices. Through numerical simulation of the Lamb wave propagation in phononic crystal slabs with graded grating, we proposed and studied a linear phononic device that shows asymmetric Lamb ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184506 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Quantification of atomic intermixing in short-period InAs/GaSb superlattices for infrared photodetectors

Y. Ashuach, Y. Kauffmann, C. Saguy, S. Grossman, O. Klin et al.
Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) are applied for characterizing the MBE-grown short-period InAs/GaSb superlattices for mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection. The focus of this study is ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184305 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Prediction of probabilistic ignition behavior of polymer-bonded explosives from microstructural stochasticity

A. Barua, S. Kim, Y. Horie, and M. Zhou
Random variations in constituent properties, constituent distribution, microstructural morphology, and loading cause the ignition of explosives to be inherently stochastic. An approach is developed to computationally predict and quantify the stochasticity of the ignition process in polymer-bonded ex ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184907 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the ferroelectric transitions in PbMgNbO and PbMgNbO-12% PbTiO crystals

Eugene V. Colla, Nathan Jurik, Yehan Liu, M. E. X. Delgado, M. B. Weissman et al.
The two-step freezing and melting of the field-induced ferroelectric order in PbMgNbO (PMN) and (PbMgNbO)(PbTiO) (PMN-PT) is investigated. In PMN-PT, direct microscopic images show that both steps occur in the same spatial regions. The higher temperature freezing corresponds to the higher temperatur ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184104 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Characterization of Al/CuO nanoenergetic multilayer films integrated with semiconductor bridge for initiator applications

Peng Zhu, Ruiqi Shen, Yinghua Ye, Shuai Fu, and Dongle Li
This paper describes the ignition characteristics of Al/CuO nanoenergetic multilayer films (nEMFs) integrated with semiconductor bridge (SCB). The as-deposited Al/CuO nEMFs were identified with SEM and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that distinct Al/CuO nEMFs are sputter deposited i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184505 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Growth, microstructure, and luminescent properties of direct-bandgap InAlP on relaxed InGaAs on GaAs substrates

K. Mukherjee, D. A. Beaton, T. Christian, E. J. Jones, K. Alberi et al.
Direct-bandgap InAlP alloy has the potential to be an active material in nitride-free yellow-green and amber optoelectronics with applications in solid-state lighting, display devices, and multi-junction solar cells. We report on the growth of high-quality direct-bandgap InAlP on relaxed InGaAs grad ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183518 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Optimization of microstructure and optical properties of VO thin film prepared by reactive sputtering

Y. Y. Luo, L. Q. Zhu, Y. X. Zhang, S. S. Pan, S. C. Xu et al.
VO (M) thin films with good optical switching properties have been grown by reactive sputtering method. The influence of sputtering parameters on the structural and optical properties of the as-grown VO thin films was investigated, and the correlation between the microstructure and optical switching ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183520 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

High-temperature neutron diffraction and first-principles study of temperature-dependent crystal structures and atomic vibrations in TiAlC, TiAlC, and TiAlC

Nina J. Lane, Sven C. Vogel, El'ad N. Caspi, and Michel W. Barsoum
Herein we report on the thermal expansions and temperature-dependent crystal structures of select ternary carbide MAX (MAX) phases in the TiAlC phase diagram in the 1001000 degrees C temperature range. A bulk sample containing 38(1) wt. % TiAlC (523), 32(1) wt. % TiAlC (211), 18(1) wt. % TiAlC (312 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183519 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

In-plane electric field effect on a spin-orbit coupled two-dimensional electron system in presence of magnetic field

SK Firoz Islam and Tarun Kanti Ghosh
The effect of in-plane electric field on Landau level spacing, spin splitting energy, average spin polarization, and average spin current in the bulk as well as at the edges of a two-dimensional electron system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling are presented here. The spin splitting energy for a parti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183710 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Evidence of the semiconductor-metal transition in VO thin films by the pulsed laser photoacoustic method

A. Perez-Pacheco, D. R. Acosta-Najarro, R. Castaneda-Guzman, H. Cruz-Manjarrez, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez et al.
In this work, the pulsed photoacoustic technique was used to investigate the semiconductor-metal transition of thin vanadium pentoxide films (VO) under increasing temperature. The VO thin films were simultaneously deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature, on corning glass and SnO:F/g ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184307 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Critical exponents and irreversibility lines of LaSrCoO single crystal

N. Khan, A. Midya, P. Mandal, and D. Prabhakaran
We have studied the dynamic and static critical behavior of spin glass transition in insulating LaSrCoO single crystal by ac susceptibility and dc magnetization measurements in the vicinity of its freezing temperature (T). The dynamic scaling analysis of the frequency dependence of ac susceptibility ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183909 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Ultraviolet/visible photodiode of nanostructure Sndoped ZnO/Si heterojunction

N. Kheirandish and A. Mortezaali
Sn doped ZnO nanostructures deposited on Si substrate with (100) orientation by spray pyrolysis method at temperature 450 degrees C. Sn/Zn atomic ratio varies from 0% to 5%. The scanning electron microscope measurements showed that size of particles reduce with increasing the doping concentration. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183103 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Interspacing dependence of spin-dependent variable range hopping for cold-pressed FeO nanoparticles

Ning-Ning Song, Hai-Tao Yang, Fei-Ye Li, Zi-An Li, Wei Han et al.
The influence of the contact between monodisperse FeO nanoparticles (NPs) on the spin-dependent transport mechanism has been investigated by only changing the cold-press pressures from 20.0 MPa to 5.0 GPa. For the sample cold-pressed under 20.0 MPa, the temperature dependence of resistivity rho-T cu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184309 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Electron transport in quantum dot chains: Dimensionality effects and hopping conductance

Vas. P. Kunets, M. Rebello Sousa Dias, T. Rembert, M. E. Ware, Yu. I. Mazur et al.
Detailed experimental and theoretical studies of lateral electron transport in a system of quantum dot chains demonstrate the complicated character of the conductance within the chain structure due to the interaction of conduction channels with different dimensionalities. The one-dimensional charact ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183709 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Asymmetric superconducting quantum interference devices for suppression of phase diffusion in small Josephson junctions

D. F. Sullivan, S. K. Dutta, M. Dreyer, M. A. Gubrud, A. Roychowdhury et al.
We have measured the switching current versus applied magnetic flux of a highly asymmetric, hysteretic dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) from 30 mK to 400 mK. The SQUID loop had an inductance of 1 nH, and the capacitances of the two Al-AlO-Al Josephson junctions comprising the S ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183905 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Asymmetric magnetoresistance of nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy seen as a contribution from the contacts

V. D. Nguyen, L. Vila, A. Marty, P. Warin, C. Vergnaud et al.
We report longitudinal magnetoresistance of 50 nm wide FePt and 2 [mu]m wide CoPt wires with perpendicular anisotropy. In addition to magnon and domain wall magnetoresistances, which are symmetric in field, there appears an asymmetrical voltage signal due to the extraordinary Hall effect, usually un ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183906 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Calculated thermoelectric properties of InGaN, InAlN, and AlGaN

Alexander Sztein, John Haberstroh, John E. Bowers, Steven P. DenBaars, and Shuji Nakamura
The thermoelectric properties of III-nitride materials are of interest due to their potential use for high temperature power generation applications and the increasing commercial importance of the material system; however, the very large parameter space of different alloy compositions, carrier densi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183707 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Coexistence of intrinsic and extrinsic origins of room temperature ferromagnetism in as implanted and thermally annealed ZnO films probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

P. Satyarthi, S. Ghosh, B. Pandey, P. Kumar, C. L. Chen et al.
The present work reports the structural and ferromagnetic properties of 200 KeV Ni ion implanted ZnO films before and after annealing at 650 degrees C in air and correlates these properties with their electronic structures. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Zn and Ni K-edges reveal that Zn met ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183708 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Thermoelectric and thermospin switch realized by a three-terminal nanojunction

Yan Wang, Zhi-Chao Li, Wei-Jiang Gong, Xiao-Yan Sui, and Xiao-Hui Chen
Motivated by the result in the recent work [A. Slachter, F. L. Bakker, J.-P. Adam, and B. J. van Wees, Nature Phys. 6, 879 (2010)], we research the thermally driven electron transport through a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two ferromagnetic leads and one normal-metallic lead. By applying temperature ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184308 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Investigation of band offsets and direct current leakage properties of nitrogen doped epitaxial GdO thin films on Si

Ayan Roy Chaudhuri, A. Fissel, and H. J. Osten
Dielectric properties of epitaxial GdO thin films grown on Si have been found to improve significantly by incorporation of suitable dopants. However, in order to achieve optimum electrical properties from such doped oxides, it is important to understand the correlation between doping and the electro ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184108 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Averaged equation for energy diffusion on a graph reveals bifurcation diagram and thermally assisted reversal times in spin-torque driven nanomagnets

Katherine A. Newhall and Eric Vanden-Eijnden
Driving nanomagnets by spin-polarized currents offers exciting prospects in magnetoelectronics, but the response of the magnets to such currents remains poorly understood. We show that an averaged equation describing the diffusion of energy on a graph captures the low-damping dynamics of these syste ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184105 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Magnetic force microscopy study of the switching field distribution of low density arrays of single domain magnetic nanowires

M. R. Tabasum, F. Zighem, J. De La Torre Medina, A. Encinas, L. Piraux et al.
In the present work, we report on the in situ magnetic force microscopy (MFM) study of the magnetization reversal in two-dimensional arrays of ferromagnetic NiFe and CoFe nanowires (NW) with different diameters (40, 50, 70, and 100 nm) deposited inside low porosity (P < 1%) nanoporous polycarbonate ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183908 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

La doped SrTiO thin films on SrLaAlO (001) as transparent conductor

A. Biswas, N. Li, M. H. Jung, Y. W. Lee, J. S. Kim et al.
Transparent conductors are essential for many optoelectronic applications, and economically viable replacement for the industry standard transparent conductor, indium tin oxide, is in dire need. Electronic structure calculations are performed to confirm that La doping in a band insulator SrTiO provi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183711 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Ferromagnetic resonance of transversally magnetized amorphous microwires and nanowires

Ludek Kraus, Zdenek Frait, Gabriel Ababei, and Horia Chiriac
Ferromagnetic resonance of very thin glass covered wires with diameters ranging from 25 [mu]m down to 133 nm was investigated at microwave frequencies 49.1 and 69.7 GHz at room temperature. The static magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the wire axis. The resonance spectra substantially chan ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183907 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Leakage current in high dielectric oxides: Role of defect-induced energies

P. Maleeswaran, D. Nagulapally, R. P. Joshi, and A. K. Pradhan
Model evaluations of field-dependent leakage currents in the high-k dielectric oxides HfO and ZrO are presented. The treatment includes a number of competing transport processes on an equal footing. Our simulation results show that trap-assisted-tunneling, though important, is not the most significa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184504 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Phase transition behavior and electrical properties of lead-free (BaCa)(ZrTi)O piezoelectric ceramics

Ye Tian, Xiaolian Chao, Lingling Wei, Pengfei Liang, and Zupei Yang
Lead-free (BaCa)(ZrTi)O(BCZT) ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state sintering process. The Ca ion substitutions on phase transition behavior, microstructure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BCZT ceramics were systemically investigated. The diffuse phase transition (DPT) ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184107 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Spatially and temporally resolved temperature and shock-speed measurements behind a laser-induced blast wave of energetic nanoparticles

Sukesh Roy, Naibo Jiang, Hans U. Stauffer, Jacob B. Schmidt, Waruna D. Kulatilaka et al.
Spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements behind an expanding blast wave are made using picosecond (ps) N coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) following laser flash heating of mixtures containing aluminum nanoparticles embedded in ammonium-nitrate oxidant. Production-front p ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184310 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

The conduction mechanism of large on/off ferroelectric diode currents in epitaxial (111) BiFeO thin film

Zhihui Chen, Long He, Fan Zhang, Jun Jiang, Jianwei Meng et al.
The large ferroelectric diode current modulated by bipolar polarization in epitaxial (111) BiFeO thin film has been observed. With the survey of different current leakage models, it is found that the space-charge limited current dominates the conduction. For the intrinsic physical understanding, the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184106 (2013)] published Fri May 10, 2013.

Two-layer photo-thermal deflection model to study the non-radiative recombination process: Application to GaInAlAs/GaSb and AlGaAsSb/GaSb laser structures

S. Ilahi, N. Yacoubi, and F. Genty
Photo-thermal deflection technique is used to study the nonradiative recombination process in laser structures GaInAsSb and AlGaAsSb grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrate. A two layer theoretical model has been developed, taking into account both thermal and electronic contributions in t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183705 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence in Bi-doped glasses by co-doping with Ag

Beibei Xu, Ping Chen, Shifeng Zhou, Zhanglian Hong, Jianhua Hao et al.
Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence has been observed in Bi-doped oxyfluoride glasses excited from UV to near-infrared regions with the addition of AgCl. Enhancement factors depend greatly on excitation wavelength and maximal enhancement factor over three times occurs at the excitation wav ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183506 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Coupling efficiency in piezoelectric actuators with direct current and alternating current excitation

J. F. Blackburn and M. G. Cain
This paper gives a theoretically rigorous description of energy coupling in piezoelectric actuators considering both DC and AC excitations. It is shown that these different excitations schemes give different actuator efficiencies, in general, but that DC and AC efficiencies converge at low frequenci ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184101 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Rate equation model for the time dependence of the reflectance of a GeTeSb film during optical switching processes

F. Gericke, T. Flissikowski, F. Katmis, W. Braun, and H. T. Grahn
We apply a rate equation model in order to simulate the measured change of the reflectance of an epitaxially grown GeTeSb (GST) film during optically induced switching between the amorphous and crystalline phases of the material. The amorphization and the re-crystallization process are considered to ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183507 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Electronic and elastic properties of yttrium gallium garnet under pressure from ab initio studies

V. Monteseguro, P. Rodriguez-Hernandez, V. Lavin, F. J. Manjon, and A. Munoz
In this paper, we present an ab initio study within the framework of density functional theory employing the generalized gradient approximation applied to the study of the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of yttrium gallium garnet, YGaO, under hydrostatic pressure. The calculated struc ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183505 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Reordering between tetrahedral and octahedral sites in ultrathin magnetite films grown on MgO(001)

F. Bertram, C. Deiter, T. Schemme, S. Jentsch, and J. Wollschlager
Magnetite ultrathin films were grown using different deposition rates and substrate temperatures. The structure of these films was studied using (grazing incidence) x-ray diffraction, while their surface structure was characterized by low energy electron diffraction. In addition to that, we performe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184103 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jetLiving tissue interface: Electrical, optical, and spectral characterization

Andrei Vasile Nastuta, Valentin Pohoata, and Ionut Topala
The atmospheric pressure plasma jet is studied as potential plasma source for medical applications in direct contact with living tissues. Plasma bullets are generated in the region of the high voltage electrode and propagate towards the tissue surface. The presence of a localized plasma structure on ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183302 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Cation composition effects on electronic structures of In-Sn-Zn-O amorphous semiconductors

Ji-Young Noh, Hanchul Kim, Ho-Hyun Nahm, Yong-Sung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim et al.
Based on density-functional theory calculations, the effects of cation compositions on electronic structures of In-Sn-Zn-O amorphous semiconductors were investigated. We considered various composition ratios of In, Sn, and Zn in O stoichiometric condition, and found that the conduction band minimum ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183706 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Single transistor latch phenomenon in junctionless transistors

Mukta Singh Parihar, Dipankar Ghosh, and Abhinav Kranti
In this work, we report on the single transistor latch phenomenon in junctionless transistors. In the latch condition, the device is unable to turn-off despite a reduction in gate bias. It is shown that impact ionization induced latch condition can occur due to an increase in drain bias, silicon fil ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184503 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Enhanced magnetoresistance in graphene nanostructure modulated by effective exchange field and Fermi velocity

Zheng-Fang Liu, Qing-Ping Wu, Xian-Bo Xiao, and Nian-Hua Liu
We investigate the spin-dependent transport properties of graphene nanostructures modulated by effective exchange field and Fermi velocity. The Brewster-like angle of spin transport becomes large and the spin-precession length becomes short with a decrease of the Fermi velocity in effective exchange ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183704 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

The effect of dielectric confinement on photoluminescence of InO-SiO nanocomposite thin films incorporated by nitrogen

Yang-Ru Lyu and Tsung-Eong Hsieh
Nanocomposite thin films containing InO nanoparticles were prepared by the target-attachment sputtering utilizing the InN pellets and allowing the N inlet gas flow during the deposition process. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the chemical composition of InO nanoparticles becomes ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184303 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Probing of molecular adsorbates on Au surfaces with large-amplitude temperature jumps

Christopher M. Berg, Alexei Lagutchev, and Dana D. Dlott
Methods are described to probe vibrational transitions of molecules adsorbed on Au films subjected to calibrated ultrafast large-amplitude temperature jumps (T-jumps). The probe technique, vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG), can monitor vibrations localized on specific parts of adsorbate mol ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183509 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Femtosecond laser plasma plume characteristics in the nanojoule ablation regime

S. P. Banerjee, Zhijiang Chen, and R. Fedosejevs
Laser ablation of chromium with nanojoule energy UV femtosecond pulses under background pressure conditions between 0.3 Torr and 700 Torr is studied and the corresponding plasma plume images at different times after irradiation are measured. The ablation focal spot is less than or the order of a mic ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183101 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Effect of oxygen environment on formation of modulated Ag nanostructures along the interface of a Ag-Si heterostructure

Brad M. Boyerinas, Joshua M. Balsam, Hugh A. Bruck, and Alexander L. Roytburd
Ag nanostructures were formed along the interface between Ag foil and Si wafer. These structures form when heated in the presence of air below the melting temperature of Ag, while heating above the melting temperature results in Ag foil melting with no nanostructure growth. Nanostructure morphology ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184302 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Study of nanospheres lithography technology with super-lens for fabricating nano holes

Shuhong Li, Zheng Yang, Zhiyou Zhang, Fuhua Gao, Jinglei Du et al.
A maskless nano-lithography method by using polystyrene spheres (PSs) self-assembled on silver slab (NSSL) was proposed by Li et al. [Opt. Express 16(19), 14397 (2008)]. In order to understand the mechanism of the lithography technology in depth and improve the experiment results, we studied the ene ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183102 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Influence of diamond surface termination on thermal boundary conductance between Al and diamond

Christian Monachon and Ludger Weber
The effect of diamond surface treatment on the Thermal Boundary Conductance (TBC) between Al and diamond is investigated. The treatments consist in either of the following: exposition to a plasma of pure Ar, Ar:H and Ar:O, and HNO:HSO acid dip for various times. The surface of diamond after treatmen ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183504 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Effect of increasing thickness on tensile-strained germanium grown on InGaAs buffer layers

M. de Kersauson, M. Prost, A. Ghrib, M. El Kurdi, S. Sauvage et al.
We have investigated the optical properties of tensile-strained germanium grown on InGaAs buffer layers as a function of film thickness and buffer layer composition. We study the dependence of the photoluminescence as a function of the strain amplitude and degree of relaxation which are also monitor ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183508 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Ozone generation by negative direct current corona discharges in dry air fed coaxial wire-cylinder reactors

Ashraf Yehia and Akira Mizuno
An analytical study was made in this paper for calculating the ozone generation by negative dc corona discharges. The corona discharges were formed in a coaxial wire-cylinder reactor. The reactor was fed by dry air flowing with constant rates at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, and stresse ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183301 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Temperature-dependent optical properties of epitaxial CdO thin films determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman scattering

S. G. Choi, L. M. Gedvilas, S. Y. Hwang, T. J. Kim, Y. D. Kim et al.
We report temperature-dependent optical properties of epitaxial CdO thin films grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates. Dielectric function epsilon = epsilon + iepsilon spectra for CdO were extracted from the multilayer modeling of ellipsometric data, using a set of Tauc-Lo ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183515 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectroscopies of BaSiF:Mn red phosphor

Daisuke Sekiguchi, Jun-ichi Nara, and Sadao Adachi
We report on a simple method of synthesizing BaSiF:Mn red phosphor by chemical reaction of BaCl2HO in a HSiF solution. The Mn-activated BaSiF phosphor exhibits sharp red emission peaks at ~630 nm. The optical properties of BaSiF:Mn are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) analysis, PL excitatio ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183516 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Photo-pseudo-metaloxidesemiconductor field effect transistor for characterization of surface recombination in silicon on insulator materials

M. Daanoune, A. Diab, S. Sirajeddine, A. Kaminski-Cachopo, I. Ionica et al.
One of the main issues in the characterization of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates is to determine the quality of the film-buried oxide interface. This interface quality is strongly connected to the carrier lifetime in the silicon film. In this paper, we extend the well-known pseudo-MOSFET char ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183702 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Analysis for the nonlinear electro-optic modulation effect of BaTiO crystal thin-film waveguide modulators

DeGui Sun, Xiuhua Fu, Trevor J. Hall, and Huilin Jiang
Quadratic-order electro-optic (EO) modulation of BaTiO crystal thin-film devices has stimulated increasing research on high-bandwidth modulators and other functions. The quadratic-order EO modulation is created by an outside electric field with respect to the EO coefficient r or r. In this work, the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184502 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Strain-related optical properties of ZnO crystals due to nanoindentation on various surface orientations

R. Juday, E. M. Silva, J. Y. Huang, P. G. Caldas, R. Prioli et al.
Nanoindentations were performed on various crystallographic orientations of single crystal ZnO using a cono-spherical diamond tip with a radius of curvature of 260 nm. The crystal orientations were the (11[overline 2]0) a-plane, (10[overline 1]0) m-plane, and (0001) c-plane (Zn-face). The optical pr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183511 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

First-principles study of the interaction of HO with the GaSb (001) surface

V. M. Bermudez
The adsorption of HO on the GaSb (001) surface, both clean and with pre-adsorbed H atoms, has been studied computationally using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The model employed is the alpha-(4 x 3) reconstruction consisting of Ga-Sb dimers adsorbed on the Sb-terminated surface, a ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184906 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Magnetocaloric effects in Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe alloys using Monte Carlo simulations

Navdeep Singh and Raymundo Arroyave
Heusler alloys based on the NiMnGa system have been shown to exhibit strong magneto-thermo-structural couplings that make them very attractive multi-functional materials. In this work, first principles calculations combined with Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study the magnetocaloric effe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183904 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

First principles modeling of zirconium solution in bulk UO

Jian-Hui Lan, Lin Wang, Shuo Li, Li-Yong Yuan, Yi-Xiao Feng et al.
We modeled the solution behavior of zirconium in uranium dioxide (UO) by using density functional theory. The Coulomb repulsion of uranium 5f elections was characterized by a spherically averaged Hubbard parameter. Our results indicate that zirconium prefers to locate at U vacancies in UO and presen ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183514 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Investigation of the magnetic properties of FeAu nanoclusters in a W matrix: Evidence for exchange-bias phenomenon

E. Folcke, J. M. Le Breton, W. Lefebvre, J. Bran, R. Larde et al.
Equiatomic FeAu nanoclusters were produced by inert-gas condensation and embedded in a W matrix. Transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that three kinds of clusters are present: mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, and partially crystalline clusters. It demonstrates that during their for ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183903 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Plasmon excitations in C by fast charged particle beams

C. Z. Li, Z. L. Miskovic, F. O. Goodman, and Y. N. Wang
For an isolated C molecule, we study plasmon excitations that are induced by an external, fast moving electron, by using a two-dimensional, spherical, two-fluid hydrodynamic model for the dynamic response of the sigma and pi electrons in the carbon nanostructure. Second quantization of the linearize ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184301 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

ZnO deposition on metal substrates: Relating fabrication, morphology, and wettability

Sara S. Beaini, Coleman X. Kronawitter, Van P. Carey, and Samuel S. Mao
It is not common practice to deposit thin films on metal substrates, especially copper, which is a common heat exchanger metal and practical engineering material known for its heat transfer properties. While single crystal substrates offer ideal surfaces with uniform structure for compatibility with ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184905 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Surface stability of epitaxial LaSrMnO thin films on (111)-oriented SrTiO

I. Hallsteinsen, J. E. Boschker, M. Nord, S. Lee, M. Rzchowski et al.
We report on the stability of the LaSrMnO thin film surface when deposited on (111)-oriented SrTiO. For ultrathin LaSrMnO films, an initial 3-dimensional morphology is observed, which becomes 2-dimensional with increasing film thickness. For even thicker samples, we show that the surface morphology ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183512 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Stress-modulated exciton polariton Josephson effect in a semiconductor microcavity

Chuanyi Zhang and Guojun Jin
We demonstrate that the exciton polariton Josephson effect can be effectively modulated by a uniaxial stress in a semiconductor microcavity. By increasing the stress, we can show there are two critical transition stresses, which correspond to the 0-pi and dc-ac transition, respectively. We find that ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183513 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Searching for low-workfunction phases in the Cs-Te system: The case of CsTe

Anthony Ruth, Karoly Nemeth, Katherine C. Harkay, Joseph Z. Terdik, Linda Spentzouris et al.
We have computationally explored workfunction values of CsTe surfaces, an existing crystalline phase of the Cs-Te system and a small bandgap semiconductor, in order to search for reduced workfunction alternatives of CsTe that preserve the exceptionally high quantum efficiency of the CsTe seasoned ph ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183703 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Wetting at the BaTiO/Pt interface

Kurt D. Fredrickson, Agham B. Posadas, Alexander A. Demkov, Catherine Dubourdieu, and John Bruley
Using density functional theory, we analyze the wetting conditions for Pt on the (001) surface of ferroelectric BaTiO (BTO). We estimate the surface energy of (100), (110), and (111) Pt to be 2.42, 2.49, and 2.00 J/m, respectively. We find the BTO surface energy to vary between 0.26 and 2.28 J/m dep ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 184102 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

Size effect of out-of-plane thermal conductivity of epitaxial YBaCuO thin films at room temperature measured by photothermal radiometry

Tatsuya Ikeda, Tetsu Ando, Yoshihiro Taguchi, and Yuji Nagasaka
The out-of-plane (c-axis) thermal conductivities of high-temperature superconducting thin films (YBaCuO: YBCO) have been measured by photothermal radiometry (PTR) at room temperature. The YBCO samples are in c-axis-aligned epitaxially grown thin films with thicknesses of 250, 500, and 1000 nm. PTR i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183517 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.

The effect of polarization fatigue process and light illumination on the transport behavior of BiLaFeO sandwiched capacitor

R. L. Gao, Y. S. Chen, J. R. Sun, Y. G. Zhao, J. B. Li et al.
In this paper, Ag/BiLaFeO (BLFO)/LaSrMnO sandwich structure was grown epitaxially on SrTiO substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Short-circuit photocurrent (I) and frequency dependence of the capacitance were investigated. It reveals that this heterostructure exhibits strong photocurrent respons ... [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 183510 (2013)] published Thu May 9, 2013.