http://scitation.aip.org/ Optical Engineering publishes papers reporting on research and development in optical science and engineering and the practical applications of known optical science, engineering, and technology. Papers should describe the original work of the authors that has not been previously published in a refereed journal. Papers should be substantial and significant in content. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/113604/1&agg=rss Matija Jezersek and Janez Mozina<br/> Optical three-dimensional shape measurement of live objects is becoming an important developing and research tool because of its nonintrusive nature and high measuring speed. The current methods are reaching truly high speed in one view configuration, but in the case of the entire object shape measu ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 113604 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117003/1&agg=rss Jinhua Wang, De Xu, and Bing Li<br/> Currently, most exposure fusion algorithms are put forward on the assumption that the source images are aligned prior to fusion. As a result, some artifacts, such as haloing, may be caused due to the slight misalignment in the source images. In order to reduce the influence induced by the misalignme ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117003 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117201/1&agg=rss Guohui Wang, Jiuqiang Han, Honghai Jia et al.<br/> Shape from shading (SFS) has been a classical and important problem in the domain of computer vision. The goal of SFS is to reconstruct the 3-D shape of an object from its 2-D intensity image. To this end, an image irradiance equation describing the relation between the shape of a surface and its co ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117201 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114302/1&agg=rss Milan P. Poudel and Jinhai Chen<br/> Several nonlinear effects (i.e., continuum generation, self-focusing, and material damage) were studied during femtosecond photodisruption. Numerical aperture dependence of white-light continuum generation and material damage were determined and a relation between the two effects was shown. We showe ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114302 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117004/1&agg=rss Antigoni Panagiotopoulou and Vassilis Anastassopoulos<br/> A high-resolution image is reconstructed from a sequence of subpixel shifted, aliased low-resolution frames, by means of stochastic regularized super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction. The Tukey (T), Lorentzian (L), and Huber (H) cost functions are employed for the data-fidelity term. The perform ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117004 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/113603/1&agg=rss Shinan Qian, Dario Arena, Joseph Dvorak et al.<br/> We present a dynamic monitoring method and monitoring system of grating angle, referred to as the Precise Angle Monitor (PAM), at U4B, a soft x-ray spherical grating monochromator (SGM) beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). In an SGM, a photon energy scan is accomplished by rota ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 113603 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114601/1&agg=rss Wei-Chih Wang, Jingdong Luo, and Alex K. Y. Jen<br/> We report on an optical beam deflector capable of achieving a large beam deflection using a planar thermoplastic-based electro-optic (EO) polymer prism. By optimizing the prism's geometry, relative position, and incident angle of the input beam, the device shows that a large deflection angle can be ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114601 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/115602/1&agg=rss Bogdan Ionita, Petre Catalin Logofatu, and Dan Apostol<br/> We extrapolated the lucky imaging technique, mostly used in astronomy, to the field of interferometry for displacement measurement. From the batch of interferograms generated by a TwymanGreen-type interferometer and acquired by a CCD camera, those with high overall contrast were selected and fitted ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 115602 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114201/1&agg=rss Gary S. Kanner, Michael L. Marable, Narsingh B. Singh et al.<br/> Orientation-patterned zinc selenide (OPZnSe) is a unique quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical material for enabling frequency conversion from visible to long-wave infrared wavelengths. We have fabricated and tested OPZnSe devices over a wide spectral range. Single-crystal OPZnSe films of greater th ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114201 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/115601/1&agg=rss Sanjib Chatterjee and Y. Pavan Kumar<br/> A new technique, using a cyclic path optical configuration, for generating two coherent, virtual point sources at the back focal plane of a corrected telescope objective, for producing a pair of mutually tilted collimated beams with linear orthogonal polarizations in a Fizeau interferometer cavity i ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 115601 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114001/1&agg=rss Seongmo Hwang, Jeehong Min, Moon-Gyu Lee et al.<br/> We developed a novel twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) having wide viewing angle characteristics through the reduction of the residual liquid crystal phase retardation at oblique angles using an embedded diffusing unit. Compared to a conventional TN panel, this embedded approach prov ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114001 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/116401/1&agg=rss Tana Maurer, David L. Wilson, Stevie R. Smith et al.<br/> To investigate the benefits of multiband infrared sensor design for target detection, search and detection experiments were conducted in the midwave infrared (MWIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR) wavebands in both rural and urban battlefields. In each battlefield environment, real imagery was collecte ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 116401 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117207/1&agg=rss Huanxi Liu, Xiaowei Lv, Xiong Li et al.<br/> We propose a unified unimodal biometric system that is suitable for most individual modalities, e.g., face and gait. The proposed system consists of three steps: (1) preprocessing raw biometric data, (2) determining the intrinsic low-dimensional subspace of preprocessed data by local topology struct ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117207 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117002/1&agg=rss Ricardo Betancourt-Benitez, Ruola Ning, David Conover et al.<br/> Several factors during the scanning process, image reconstruction and geometry of an imaging system, influence the spatial resolution of a computed tomography imaging system. In this work, the spatial resolution of a state of the art flat panel detector-based cone beam computed tomography breast ima ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117002 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/110501/1&agg=rss Pradeep Srinivasan, Yigit O. Yilmaz, Raymond C. Rumpf et al.<br/> Interference filters have a defect layer incorporated within a photonic crystal structure and generate a narrow transmission notch within a wide stop band. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate wavelength-tunable spatial filters by introducing diffractive optical elements in the defect layer. Th ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 110501 (2009)] published Fri Nov 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117202/1&agg=rss Wen-Yuan Chen, Jing-Wein Wang, and Chin-Ho Chung<br/> We use image-locating techniques and a traditional whiteboard with two cameras to construct an electronic whiteboard (EWB) with a size of 88 x 176 cm corresponding to 1280- x 1024-pixel resolution. We employ two strategies achieve the goal: (1) we develope a modified scale and bilinear interpolatio ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117202 (2009)] published Thu Nov 12, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/110101/1&agg=rss Donald C. O'Shea<br/> Abstract not available. [Opt. Eng. 48, 110101 (2009)] published Thu Nov 12, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114301/1&agg=rss Rabi I. Rabady<br/> The waveguide second-harmonic generation is a reliable mechanism for frequency doubling of laser emission since light can be highly confined to a nonlinear waveguiding medium, besides being compatible with current present semiconductor and solid state lasers. An optimization is achieved based on des ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114301 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/117203/1&agg=rss Bangyou Da and Nong Sang<br/> We present a novel approach for face recognition by combining a local binary pattern (LBP)-based face descriptor and the distinctive information of faces. Several studies of psychophysics have shown that the eyes or mouth can be an important cue in human face perception, and the nose plays an insign ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 117203 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/119701/1&agg=rss Ming Zhai, Zhongliang Jing, Shan Fu et al.<br/> Quality inspection of aluminum foil products plays an important role for aluminum foil manufactures. We present a method that uses input estimate (IE)-based chi-square detectors for defect detection in aluminum foil. It is assumed that the intensity of the aluminum foil image is Gaussian distributed ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 119701 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/113601/1&agg=rss Slawomir Drobczynski, Pascal Hebraud, Jean Pierre Munch et al.<br/> We present a method in which we stabilize mechanically an optical tweezer setup over a period ranging up to 30 min. A feedback loop is used to correct the mechanical and thermal drifts. The position of a fixed object on the sample surface is measured with a CCD device and its fluctuations analyzed ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 113601 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/115001/1&agg=rss Lei Guo, Jiannong Cao, Xingwei Wang et al.<br/> As a special case of p cycles, a Hamiltonian cycle protection scheme is proposed to achieve fast failure restoration and simple management in fault-tolerant networks. We extend the idea of a Hamiltonian cycle protection scheme to fault-tolerant wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical fiber ne ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 115001 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/110502/1&agg=rss Seung-Won Jung, Chun-Su Park, Le Thanh Ha et al.<br/> We present an adaptive quarter-pel (Qpel) motion estimation (ME) method for H.264/AVC. Instead of applying Qpel ME to all macroblocks (MBs), the proposed method selectively performs Qpel ME in an MB level. In order to reduce the bit rate, we also propose a motion vector (MV) encoding technique that ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 110502 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/114401/1&agg=rss Caijie Tang and Yi Jiang<br/> An optical fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter is constructed by fixing two microlensed mirror-coated fibers to the opposite ends of a piezoelectric transducer. A tunable filter with a free spectral range of 70 nm, a finesse of 175, an insertion loss of 1.05 dB, and a tuning frequency exceeding 1 kH ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 114401 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/104002/1&agg=rss Chuan Chen, Jee-Gong Chang, Yu-Bin Fang et al.<br/> We propose a molecular dynamics method dot generation scheme incorporating the periodic boundary and fixed-cell boundary geometrical conditions to generate random dot distribution on the order of several million dots for use in the base of a thin light guide. In addition, the generation scheme can b ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 104002 (2009)] published Fri Oct 30, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105602/1&agg=rss Christoph R. Englert, David D. Babcock, and John M. Harlander<br/> We describe the design and implementation of a long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrometer based on the spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) technique, and present the first measurements of broadband LWIR spectra taken with an SHS instrument. This work represents the first successful application of SHS ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105602 (2009)] published Fri Oct 30, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/100501/1&agg=rss Brian Scott, Ke Wang, Vincent Caluori et al.<br/> We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of silicon optical fibers by using the powder-in-tube technique. The fibers are drawn from a preform utilizing a custom-made fiber drawing system. Silicon optical fibers having cladding diameters in the range of 40 to 240 [mu]m, core diameters in the ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 100501 (2009)] published Fri Oct 30, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103002/1&agg=rss F. Tony Ghaemi<br/> The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover is the third-generation robotic vehicle planned for Mars exploration, scheduled to land on Mars in 2012. There are 15 cameras on board the rover, 10 of which have engineering functions and 5 of which are designed for scientific investigations. Four of th ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103002 (2009)] published Thu Oct 29, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105005/1&agg=rss Le Nguyen Binh<br/> We present a modeling of the Raman amplification of various types of fibers employed for transmission and dispersion compensation in cascaded optical amplified transmission systems including (1) the physical properties and operational characteristics and (2) its implementation in the lightwave-modul ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105005 (2009)] published Wed Oct 28, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103401/1&agg=rss Irce Leal-Cabrera, Alberto Cordero-Davila, and Jorge Gonzalez-Garcia<br/> Wear profiles obtained with tools that oscillate in one direction and simultaneously displace perpendicularly in another are classified and analyzed. Profiles are obtained for different-shape tools and oscillation amplitudes. Analytical and numerical calculations of wear were made with known rectang ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103401 (2009)] published Wed Oct 28, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103604/1&agg=rss Jan Novotny, Radomir Malina, Jozef Kaiser et al.<br/> Laser-ablation based spectrochemical analytical methods could be used in applications in which the capability for spatially resolved analysis is required. Such analysis gives a 2-D or 3-D map of the monitored chemical elements. Here we introduce automation of a 2-D surface analysis in the laser-indu ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103604 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105802/1&agg=rss Changgeng Liu, Dayong Wang, and Yizhuo Zhang<br/> The expressions for the reconstructed field from the sample of the diffracted wave, which is produced by illuminating an object, are found by use of different diffraction integrals in the digital holography. The numerical reconstruction methods that truncate and sample this field are compared in ove ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105802 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/104001/1&agg=rss Hak Min Lee, Seung Jun Baek, Su Cheol Gong et al.<br/> An emission layer with the poly-vinylcarbazole (PVK) and Ir(ppy)[tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)] as the host and guest materials, respectively, was prepared on a PEDOT:PSS/ITO substrate. TPBI [2,2,2-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)] was introduced to improve the light effici ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 104001 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/104402/1&agg=rss Gregory J. Kowalski, Amir Talakoub, Jin Ji et al.<br/> A fast, sensitive temperature sensor using changes in extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through an array of nanoholes in a metallic film with a monochromatic collimated light source is analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is composed of a dielectric material in contact with a ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 104402 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/100101/1&agg=rss Donald C. O'Shea<br/> Abstract not available. [Opt. Eng. 48, 100101 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103605/1&agg=rss Shien Ri, Motoharu Fujigaki, and Yoshiharu Morimoto<br/> We present a new single-shot 3-D shape measurement method using a digital micromirror device (DMD) camera and fringe projection. In optics of the DMD camera, individual DMD mirrors operate as controllable high-speed shutters for corresponding charge-coupled device (CCD) pixels. Therefore, four phase ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103605 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/107203/1&agg=rss Xiang Zhang, Jie Yang, and Zhi Liu<br/> Results obtained by current foreground segmentation algorithms are often corrupted with splits and defects, making them undesirable for high level applications. We present a new segmentation algorithm that takes advantage of tracking information for segmentation. First, the moving object is tracked ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 107203 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105007/1&agg=rss Xin Luo, Xiuyou Han, Yiying Gu et al.<br/> Phase noise characteristics of the carrier transmitted by the double-sidebandcarrier-suppressed (DSB-CS) modulation system are investigated. On the basis of the established DSB-CS modulation system, the phase noise of the input carrier and the output doubled frequency carrier is measured. The influe ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105007 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/107205/1&agg=rss Mingjun Wang, Jun Zhou, Jun Tu et al.<br/> We propose a novel large-scale conditional random field model with respect to the problem of natural outdoor scene labeling. The novelty of the proposed method lies in three aspects: 1. features from two neighboring regions are concatenated to form the input of the pair-wise classifier to compensate ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 107205 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103602/1&agg=rss Zuojun Tan<br/> Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing is the most widely used technique for the measurement of wavefront distortion in adaptive optics (AO). Assembly errors decrease the accuracy of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and degrade the quality of the AO system. The slant correction method based on principa ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103602 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105601/1&agg=rss Song Zhang<br/> We address a framework to reduce the unwrapping errors of the measurement system using a digital multiple-wavelength phase-shifting algorithm. In particular, the following framework is proposed: (1) smooth the raw phase by smoothing the sine and cosine images of the phase computation of the inverse ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105601 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/107204/1&agg=rss Bugao Xu, Wurong Yu, Ming Yao et al.<br/> The increasing prevalence of obesity suggests a need to develop a convenient, reliable, and economical tool for assessment of this condition. Three-dimensional (3-D) body surface imaging has emerged as an exciting technology for the estimation of body composition. We present a new 3-D body imaging s ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 107204 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103601/1&agg=rss Shinoj Kuttinarayanan Vengalathunadakal, Vadakke M. Murukeshan, Saraswathi Padmanabhan et al.<br/> A dual-modality fiber scope probe that can simultaneously obtain the spectroscopic signature and images is proposed and illustrated. The photonic crystal fiber and micro CCD camera form the probe distal end. A preliminary experimental investigation using the developed probe has been carried out on p ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103601 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105008/1&agg=rss Hao Wu, Zhangdi Huang, Ziyan Yu et al.<br/> An approach to improve the coupling efficiency of bidirectional optical subassembly (BOSA) modules is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. We analyzed the wavefront aberration coefficients of a typical BOSA. It was found that the 45-deg wavelength filter induces coma and astigmatism, and then i ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105008 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/100502/1&agg=rss Seihyoung Lee, Kwon-Seob Lim, Jong Jin Lee et al.<br/> The optical wavelength-division-multiplex filter for bidirectional optical subassembly (BOSA) is embedded to the fiber core, which results in simplicity of the BOSA module. The fiber cladding is 45-deg angle polished to receive a downstream signal. The core is etched by a femtosecond laser to have a ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 100502 (2009)] published Fri Oct 23, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/105006/1&agg=rss Shiguang Wang, Hongwei Chen, Minghua Chen et al.<br/> A novel optical method for ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulse generation and bipolar coding is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on the cross-polarization modulation effect in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HNPCF). The monocycle pulse with a time durat ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 105006 (2009)] published Thu Oct 22, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/104302/1&agg=rss Xin Fu, Hongming Zhang, Yue Peng et al.<br/> A method for generation of a time- and wavelength-interleaved pulse train is demonstrated, that can be used to attain a multiwavelength pulse train with a 40-Gbps or a potentially even higher repetition rate. This method is highly flexible because the repetition rate, the intensity, and pulse width ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 104302 (2009)] published Thu Oct 22, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?JOE/48/103001/1&agg=rss Weichao Wang, Kang Zhang, Qiushi Ren et al.<br/> A fiber-optic bundlebased submillimeter probe for endoscopic common-path optical coherence tomography with focusing system is presented. Three different focusing systems, bulk lenses, a gradient index (GRIN) lens, and a microlens array, are proposed and compared. The simulation results show that all ... [Opt. Eng. 48, 103001 (2009)] published Thu Oct 22, 2009.