http://scitation.aip.org/ Review of Scientific Instruments: All Topics http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/115104/1&agg=rss Venkatesh Subba-Rao, Chandran Sudakar, Jason Esmacher, Mircea Pantea, Ratna Naik et al.<br/> Fiber-optic based interferometers are used to detect small displacements, down to the subnanometer range. Coating the end of the optical fiber with a partially reflecting thin film greatly improves the resolution of interferometers by increasing the multiple reflections between the fiber end and the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 115104 (2009)] published Fri Nov 6, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113902/1&agg=rss Zahirul Islam, Jacob P. C. Ruff, Hiroyuki Nojiri, Yasuhiro H. Matsuda, Kathryn A. Ross et al.<br/> We present a portable pulsed-magnet system for x-ray studies of materials in high magnetic fields (up to 30 T). The apparatus consists of a split-pair of minicoils cooled on a closed-cycle cryostat, which is used for x-ray diffraction studies with applied field normal to the scattering plane. A seco ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113902 (2009)] published Fri Nov 6, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113104/1&agg=rss Vicente I. Fernandez, Pallav Kosuri, Vicente Parot, and Julio M. Fernandez<br/> Atomic force microscopy force spectroscopy has become a powerful biophysical technique for probing the dynamics of proteins at the single molecule level. Extending a polyprotein at constant velocity produces the now familiar sawtooth pattern force-length relationship. Customarily, manual fits of the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113104 (2009)] published Fri Nov 6, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/114701/1&agg=rss Xiao-Yu Zhang, Xuan-Cong Wang, Feng Xu, Yun-Gui Ma, and C. K. Ong<br/> A near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) is applied to investigate the local perpendicular dielectric information of single-phase multiferroic BiFeO thin film and single crystal LaAlO material. Our NSMM is composed of a vector network analyzer and a simple open-ended coaxial probe, which is ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 114701 (2009)] published Thu Nov 5, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113103/1&agg=rss J. H. Sun, J. G. Gallacher, G. J. H. Brussaard, N. Lemos, R. Issac et al.<br/> An accurate and direct measurement of the energy distribution of a low repetition rate terahertz electromagnetic pulse is challenging because of the lack of sensitive detectors in this spectral range. In this paper, we show how the total energy and energy density distribution of a terahertz electrom ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113103 (2009)] published Thu Nov 5, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/114301/1&agg=rss Ernesto F. Treo and Carmelo J. Felice<br/> Nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy of micro-organism is carried out by applying a moderate electrical field to an aqueous sample through two metal electrodes. Several ad hoc nonlinear spectrometers were proposed in the literature. However, these designs barely compensated the nonlinear distortion der ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 114301 (2009)] published Wed Nov 4, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/115102/1&agg=rss Salvador Zepeda, Shunichi Nakatsubo, and Yoshinori Furukawa<br/> A crystal growth apparatus was designed and built to study the effect of growth modifiers, antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), on ice crystal growth kinetics and morphology. We used a capillary growth technique to obtain a single ice crystal with well-defined crystallographic o ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 115102 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113703/1&agg=rss Yoichi Kawada, Takashi Yasuda, Atsushi Nakanishi, Hironori Takahashi, and Shin-ichiro Aoshima<br/> We demonstrated a single-shot measurement of terahertz temporal waveform using pulse-front tilting by a direct vision dispersion prism (DVDP). An advantage of this technique is the simplicity with which an electro-optic terahertz imaging optical system can be changed into a single-shot measurement s ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113703 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/115103/1&agg=rss Peter E. Gaskell, Jeremy J. Thorn, Sequoia Alba, and Daniel A. Steck<br/> We describe a simple system for timing and control, which provides control of analog, digital, and radio-frequency signals. Our system differs from most common laboratory setups in that it is open source, built from off-the-shelf components, synchronized to a common and accurate clock, and connected ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 115103 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113102/1&agg=rss S. Dobosz, H. Stabile, A. Tortora, P. Monot, F. Reau et al.<br/> We report on an innovative two-dimensional imaging extreme ultraviolet (XUV) interferometer operating at 32 nm based on the mutual coherence of two laser high order harmonics (HOH) sources, separately generated in gas. We give the first evidence that the two mutually coherent HOH sources can be prod ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113102 (2009)] published Tue Nov 3, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113702/1&agg=rss H. Minoda, K. Hatano, and H. Yazawa<br/> The surface conductivity measurement system using a micro-four-point probe (M4PP) had been developed for the ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope (UHV-TEM). Since the current distribution in the sample crystals during the current voltage measurement by the M4PP is localized within the d ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113702 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/115101/1&agg=rss Valeriy V. Yashchuk<br/> Drifting of experimental setups with change in temperature or other environmental conditions is the limiting factor of many, if not all, precision measurements. The measurement error due to a drift is, in some sense, in-between random noise and systematic error. In the general case, the error contri ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 115101 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113701/1&agg=rss Tadahiro Kawasaki, Kouta Ueda, Mikio Ichihashi, and Takayoshi Tanji<br/> We have developed an improved, windowed type environmental-cell (E-cell) transmission electron microscope (TEM) for in situ observation of gas-solid interactions, such as catalytic reactions at atmospheric pressure. Our E-cell TEM includes a compact E-cell specimen holder with mechanical stability, ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113701 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113901/1&agg=rss Philip Hulsmann, Daniel Philipp, and Michael Kohl<br/> A new test device for temperature-dependent permeation measurement, existing of a mass spectrometer and sample holders inside a climatic chamber was developed. The front face of a sample is loaded with the atmosphere in the cabinet or a test gas mixture, respectively. The permeated species are accum ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113901 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/113101/1&agg=rss Xiaofeng Tang, Xiaoguo Zhou, Mingli Niu, Shilin Liu, Jinda Sun et al.<br/> A novel threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) imaging spectrometer at the U14-A beamline of the Hefei National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is presented. A set of open electron and ion lenses are utilized to map velocity imaging of photoelectrons and photoions simultaneously, in ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 113101 (2009)] published Mon Nov 2, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103904/1&agg=rss Peter M. Johnson and Christopher M. Stafford<br/> Viscoelastic relaxation processes factor into polymer performance and stability throughout an application lifetime, controlled by the polymer network structure and dynamics which occur over a wide spectrum of time scales. In this work, we detail the design and operation of an independent array of su ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103904 (2009)] published Fri Oct 30, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103106/1&agg=rss Samir K. Mondal, Umesh Tiwari, Gopal C. Poddar, Vandana Mishra, Nahar Singh et al.<br/> A single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with two sections of different diameters is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for discrimination and measurement of strain and temperature. A section of single FBG is etched in hydrofluoric acid solution to reduce diameter of the fiber by factor of <1 ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103106 (2009)] published Fri Oct 30, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104706/1&agg=rss Attila Gollei, Andras Vass, Attila Magyar, and Elisabeth Pallai<br/> Convective, hot air drying by itself is relatively efficient for removing water from the surface environment of agricultural seed products. However, moving internal moisture to the surface needs rather a long time, as a rule. The major research aim of the authors was to decrease the processing time ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104706 (2009)] published Thu Oct 29, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/105105/1&agg=rss R. Lemaire, M. Maugendre, T. Schuller, E. Therssen, and J. Yon<br/> It is of practical importance to lead laboratory-scale experiments allowing a better understanding of the impact of commercial fuels composition on the formation of combustion residues such as soot particles. To this end, a hybrid burner has been designed recently to burn high-speed sprays of small ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 105105 (2009)] published Wed Oct 28, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104705/1&agg=rss Andrew Sunderland, Li Ju, David G. Blair, Wayne McRae, and Alexey V. Veryaskin<br/> Magnetic gradiometers are tools for geophysical exploration. The magnetic gradient is normally calculated by subtracting the outputs of two total field magnetometers which are separated by a baseline. Here we present a unique device that directly measures magnetic gradients using only a single strin ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104705 (2009)] published Tue Oct 27, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/101101/1&agg=rss David D. Nolte<br/> Spinning biodisks have advantages that make them attractive for specialized biochip applications. The two main classes of spinning biodisks are microfluidic disks and bio-optical compact disks (BioCD). Microfluidic biodisks take advantage of noninertial pumping for lab-on-a-chip devices using nonine ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 101101 (2009)] published Tue Oct 27, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103903/1&agg=rss E. S. Thomson, J. S. Wettlaufer, and L. A. Wilen<br/> The structure and evolution of grain boundaries underlies the nature of polycrystalline materials. Here we describe an experimental apparatus and light reflection technique for measuring disorder at grain boundaries in optically clear material, in thermodynamic equilibrium. The approach is demonstra ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103903 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103506/1&agg=rss B. Rubin, J. L. Topper, C. C. Farnell, and A. P. Yalin<br/> We present a quartz crystal microbalance-based system for high sensitivity differential sputter yield measurements of different target materials due to ion bombardment. The differential sputter yields can be integrated to find total yields. Possible ion beam conditions include ion energies in the ra ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103506 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104502/1&agg=rss F. Allegrini, M. I. Desai, R. Livi, S. Livi, D. J. McComas et al.<br/> Electrostatic analyzers (ESA) have been used extensively for the characterization of plasmas in a variety of space environments. They vary in shape, geometry, and size and are adapted to the specific particle population to be measured and the configuration of the spacecraft. Their main function is t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104502 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103304/1&agg=rss S. Kraft-Bermuth, V. A. Andrianov, A. Bleile, A. Echler, P. Egelhof et al.<br/> The energy-sensitive detection of heavy ions with calorimetric low temperature detectors was investigated in the energy range of E=0.11 MeV/amu, commonly used for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The detectors used consist of sapphire absorbers and superconducting aluminum transition edge therm ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103304 (2009)] published Mon Oct 26, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103505/1&agg=rss M. Dreval, D. Rohraff, C. Xiao, and A. Hirose<br/> The retarding field energy analyzer (RFA) is a simple and reliable diagnostic technique to measure the ion temperature in the scrape-off layer and edge of magnetic fusion devices. Design and operation features of a single-sided (facing the ion flow) RFA for ion temperature measurements in the Saskat ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103505 (2009)] published Thu Oct 22, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103105/1&agg=rss Georg Gademann, Ymkje Huismans, Arjan Gijsbertsen, Julia Jungmann, Jan Visschers et al.<br/> The use of a new type in-vacuum pixel detector in velocity map imaging (VMI) is introduced. The Medipix2 and Timepix semiconductor pixel detectors (256 x 256 square pixels, 55 x 55 [mu]m) are well suited for charged particle detection. They offer high resolution, low noise, and high quantum efficie ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103105 (2009)] published Thu Oct 22, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103504/1&agg=rss D. J. Thoen, W. A. Bongers, E. Westerhof, J. W. Oosterbeek, M. R. de Baar et al.<br/> A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based wide range millimeter wave diagnostics for spectral characterization of scattered millimeter waves in plasmas has been successfully brought into operation. The scattered millimeter waves are heterodyne downconverted and directly digitized using a fast analog-digi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103504 (2009)] published Wed Oct 21, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103303/1&agg=rss Avik Chatterjee, Abhijit Mahapatra, Manas Mondal, and Alok Chakrabarti<br/> This paper deals with the analysis and experimental study of natural frequencies of vibration of a 4-rod type radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator. The eigenvalue analysis of the structure has been done both analytically (multispan beam concept) as well as using blocked Lanczos eigenv ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103303 (2009)] published Wed Oct 21, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103706/1&agg=rss Ville Rimpilainen, Lasse M. Heikkinen, Marko Kuosmanen, Anssi Lehikoinen, Arto Voutilainen et al.<br/> An approach to monitor in vitro dissolution process from pharmaceutical tablets utilizing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is introduced. In the demonstration, a tablet containing sodium chloride (NaCl) was dissolution tested using tap water as a dissolution medium within an apparatus similar t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103706 (2009)] published Wed Oct 21, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103302/1&agg=rss S. Ter-Avetisyan, B. Ramakrishna, D. Doria, G. Sarri, M. Zepf et al.<br/> Simultaneous detection of extreme ultra-violet (XUV) and ion emission along the same line of sight provides comprehensive insight into the evolution of plasmas. This type of combined spectroscopy is applied to diagnose laser interaction with a spray target. The use of a micro-channel-plate detector ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103302 (2009)] published Wed Oct 21, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/106105/1&agg=rss Fan Ye, Yi Qin, Shuqing Jiang, Feibiao Xue, Zhenghong Li et al.<br/> We report a specially designed type of temporal resolved x-ray spectroscopic diagnostic using a spherically bent quartz crystal for z-pinch plasmas. Registration of time-resolved spectra was accomplished by coupling fast plastic scintillator, an optical fiber array, an optical streak camera, and a c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 106105 (2009)] published Tue Oct 20, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104102/1&agg=rss K. Luria, N. Lavie, and U. Even<br/> We present a new excitation source for pulsed supersonic beams. The excitation is based on dielectric barrier discharge in the beam. It produces cold beams of metastable atoms, dissociated neutral atoms from molecular precursors, and both positive and negative ions with high efficiency and reliabili ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104102 (2009)] published Tue Oct 20, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/109901/1&agg=rss H. Gumpp, S. W. Stahl, M. Strackharn, E. M. Puchner, and H. E. Gaub<br/> Abstract not available. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 109901 (2009)] published Mon Oct 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/105104/1&agg=rss K. H. Wu, C. I. Hung, P. Ziolkowski, D. Platzek, G. Karpinski et al.<br/> A potential Seebeck microprobe apparatus is described such that a profile of Seebeck coefficients can be detected on a material sample surface for thermopower investigations. Due to its spatially resolved limit on detecting small inhomogeneities of dopants or composition changes, we here propose a c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 105104 (2009)] published Mon Oct 19, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/106104/1&agg=rss Yuichi Saitoh, Atsuya Chiba, and Kazumasa Narumi<br/> The transmissions of carbon cluster ion beams through a tandem accelerator using several stripper gases (He, N, CO, and SF) with a terminal voltage of 2.5 MV were measured as a function of the gas pressure in investigating the most suitable gas for cluster ion acceleration. This resulted in it being ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 106104 (2009)] published Thu Oct 15, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/106103/1&agg=rss S. L. Hulbert and G. P. Williams<br/> We present approximations for the synchrotron radiation emission for low emittance light sources, which provide a connection between user needs and the electron beam parameters. The results and calculations are a consequence of the phase coherence in the emission from the electrons. We derive the re ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 106103 (2009)] published Wed Oct 14, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103104/1&agg=rss M. Hori, R. S. Hayano, M. Fukuta, T. Koyama, H. Nobusue et al.<br/> We constructed a simple device, which utilized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to image H gas leaking from the surfaces of hydrogen fuel cells to ambient air. Nanosecond laser pulses of wavelength lambda=532 nm emitted from a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser were first compressed ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103104 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104501/1&agg=rss Hanns-Peter Liermann, Sebastien Merkel, Lowell Miyagi, Hans-Rudolf Wenk, Guoyin Shen et al.<br/> We introduce the design and capabilities of a resistive heated diamond anvil cell that can be used for side diffraction at simultaneous high pressure and high temperature. The device can be used to study lattice-preferred orientations in polycrystalline samples up to temperatures of 1100 K and press ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104501 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104704/1&agg=rss Yoshifumi Suzaki, Hayato Miyagawa, and Seiki Ejima<br/> In rf magnetron sputtering, a circular erosion pattern forms on the surface of a circular metal conductor target with permanent magnets on its back. In this case, the theory behind the erosion pattern has been established. However, in the case of a dielectric target, a double circular erosion patter ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104704 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103103/1&agg=rss Fatkhulla K. Tadjimukhamedov, Jaroslaw Puton, John A. Stone, and Gary A. Eiceman<br/> Ion mobility spectra are initiated when ions, derived from a sample, are pulsed or injected through ion shutters into a drift region. The effect on signal intensity from electric fields arising from the shutter grids (E) and a superimposed electric field of the drift tube (E) was determined experime ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103103 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104101/1&agg=rss Grady Hanrahan, Tina K. Fan, Melanie Kantor, Keith Clark, Steven Cardenas et al.<br/> The design and development of an automated flow injection instrument for the determination of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] in natural waters is described. The instrument incorporates solenoid activated self-priming micropumps and electronic switching valves for controlling the fluidics of ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104101 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103102/1&agg=rss Paul A. S. Cruickshank, David R. Bolton, Duncan A. Robertson, Robert I. Hunter, Richard J. Wylde et al.<br/> We describe a quasioptical 94 GHz kW pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer featuring pi/2 pulses as short as 5 ns and an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz in nonresonant sample holders operating in induction mode and at low temperatures. Low power pulses can be as short as 200 ps and ki ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103102 (2009)] published Tue Oct 13, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/106102/1&agg=rss Bijendra Singh, V. V. Subramaniam, S. R. Daultabad, and Ashim Chakraborty<br/> Large-bore kinetically enhanced copper vapor laser (CVL) based on new thermal assembly consisting of different density zones of insulation material (alumina fiber) around the discharge tube is demonstrated for the first time with efficiency eta>=1% at extremely low specific input power (SIP) of <=1 ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 106102 (2009)] published Mon Oct 12, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/104301/1&agg=rss Vijay Shah, Thomas Pohida, Baris Turkbey, Haresh Mani, Maria Merino et al.<br/> A method for the design and rapid manufacture of a patient specific tissue slicing device based on in vivo images in order to facilitate the process of correlating the images with histopathology is presented. The method is applied to radical prostatectomy specimens where the customized mold is desig ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 104301 (2009)] published Mon Oct 12, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/106101/1&agg=rss A. Guadarrama-Santana and A. Garcia-Valenzuela<br/> We analyze the determination of the dielectric constant of macroscopic solid samples in a nondestructive way from measurements of the capacitance between a pointer electrode and the sample's surface. We assembled an experimental device and found that an accuracy of 1% or better can be attained with ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 106101 (2009)] published Fri Oct 9, 2009. http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/103705/1&agg=rss ChunKai Xu, XiangJun Chen, Xia Zhou, Zheng Wei, WenJie Liu et al.<br/> The scanning probe electron energy spectra for micron-sized Ag islands on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite substrate are measured. One- and two-dimensional relative intensity distributions for Ag or graphite plasmon peaks have been acquired and a lateral resolution of 4.82.4 [mu]m has been achieve ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103705 (2009)] published Fri Oct 9, 2009.