Review of Scientific Instruments: All Topics http://scitation.aip.org/ Review of Scientific Instruments: All Topics Novel device for simultaneous volumetric and x-ray diffraction measurements on metal-hydrogen systems http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/073901/1&agg=rss B. A. Talaganis, F. J. Castro, A. Baruj, and G. Meyer<br/> Hydrogen storage materials can form more than one hydride phase. These different phases, in turn, display different hydrogen absorption/desorption capacities, kinetics, and stabilities. Studies aimed at characterizing and improving these materials usually need to correlate hydrogen intake with the p ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 073901 (2009)] published Wed Jul 1, 2009. Photothermal cantilever actuation for fast single-molecule force spectroscopy http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/073702/1&agg=rss Stefan W. Stahl, Elias M. Puchner, and Hermann E. Gaub<br/> Photothermal cantilever excitation provides a fast and easy to implement means to control the deflection of standard atomic force microscopy cantilevers. Minute heat pulses yield deflections on the order of several tens of nanometers or when the deflection is kept constant, forces of several hundred ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 073702 (2009)] published Wed Jul 1, 2009. Multimodal optical workstation for simultaneous linear, nonlinear microscopy and nanomanipulation: Upgrading a commercial confocal inverted microscope http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/073701/1&agg=rss Manoj Mathew, Susana I. C. O. Santos, Dobryna Zalvidea, and Pablo Loza-Alvarez<br/> In this work we propose and build a multimodal optical workstation that extends a commercially available confocal microscope (Nikon Confocal C1-Si) to include nonlinear/multiphoton microscopy and optical manipulation/stimulation tools such as nanosurgery. The setup allows both subsystems (confocal a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 073701 (2009)] published Wed Jul 1, 2009. A direct micropipette-based calibration method for atomic force microscope cantilevers http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/065109/1&agg=rss Baoyu Liu, Yan Yu, Da-Kang Yao, and Jin-Yu Shao<br/> In this report, we describe a direct method for calibrating atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with the micropipette aspiration technique (MAT). A closely fitting polystyrene bead inside a micropipette is driven by precisely controlled hydrostatic pressures to apply known loads on the sharp t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 065109 (2009)] published Tue Jun 30, 2009. Heat transfer analysis for peripheral blood flow measurement system http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/064902/1&agg=rss Koji Nagata, Hideharu Hattori, Nobuhiko Sato, Yukiko Ichige, and Masashi Kiguchi<br/> Some disorders such as circulatory disease and metabolic abnormality cause many problems to peripheral blood flow condition. Therefore, frequent measurement of the blood flow condition is bound to contribute to precaution against those disorders and to control of conditions of the diseases. We propo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 064902 (2009)] published Tue Jun 30, 2009. Proximity detector circuits: An alternative to tunnel diode oscillators for contactless measurements in pulsed magnetic field environments http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/066104/1&agg=rss M. M. Altarawneh, C. H. Mielke, and J. S. Brooks<br/> A radio frequency oscillator circuit based on a proximity detector integrated circuit is described as an alternative for the traditional tunnel diode oscillator used for pulsed magnetic field measurements at low temperatures. The proximity detector circuit design, although less sensitive than tunnel ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 066104 (2009)] published Tue Jun 30, 2009. Three-axis rapid steering of optically propelled micro/nanoparticles http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063107/1&agg=rss Yanan Huang, Jingfang Wan, Ming-Chieh Cheng, Zhipeng Zhang, Sissy M. Jhiang et al.<br/> This paper presents the design and implementation of a three-axis steering system, wherein a micro/nanoparticle is optically trapped and propelled to serve as a measurement probe. The actuators in the system consist of a deformable mirror enabling axial steering and a two-axis acousto-optic deflecto ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063107 (2009)] published Tue Jun 30, 2009. Systematic comparison between line integrated densities measured with interferometry and polarimetry at JET http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063506/1&agg=rss M. Brombin, A. Boboc, A. Murari, E. Zilli, L. Giudicotti et al.<br/> A systematic comparison between the line integrated electron density derived from interferometry and polarimetry at JET has been carried out. For the first time the reliability of the measurements of the CottonMouton effect has been analyzed for a wide range of main plasma parameters and the possibi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063506 (2009)] published Mon Jun 29, 2009. Investigation of spectra unfolded for a filtered x-ray diode array with improved smoothness http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063106/1&agg=rss Jing Li<!--orlang--> (&#x674E;&#x6676;)<!--orlang-->, Xian-Bin Huang<!--orlang--> (&#x9EC4;&#x663E;&#x5BBE;)<!--orlang-->, Si-Qun Zhang<!--orlang--> (&#x5F20;&#x601D;&#x7FA4;)<!--orlang-->, Li-Bing Yang<!--orlang--> (&#x6768;&#x793C;&#x5175;)<!--orlang-->, Wei-Ping Xie<!--orlang--> (&#x8C22;&#x536B;&#x5E73;)<!--orlang--> et al.<br/> An unfolding algorithm using parabolic B-splines to smoothly reconstruct the soft x-ray spectra from the measurements of a filtered x-ray diode array is proposed. This array has been fabricated for the study of the soft x ray emitted by Z-pinch plasma. Unfolding results show that for the simulated n ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063106 (2009)] published Mon Jun 29, 2009. End-compensated magnetostatic cavity for polarized He neutron spin filters http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063905/1&agg=rss J. W. McIver, R. Erwin, W. C. Chen, and T. R. Gentile<br/> We have expanded upon the Magic Box concept, a coil driven magnetic parallel plate capacitor constructed out of mu-metal, by introducing compensation sections at the ends of the box that are tuned to limit end-effects similar to those of short solenoids. This ability has reduced the length of the ma ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063905 (2009)] published Fri Jun 26, 2009. Gain stabilization control system of the upgraded magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer at JET http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063505/1&agg=rss Henrik Sjostrand, E. Andersson Sunden, S. Conroy, G. Ericsson, M. Gatu Johnson et al.<br/> Burning plasma experiments such as ITER and DEMO require diagnostics capable of withstanding the harsh environment generated by the intense neutron flux and to maintain stable operating conditions for times longer than present day systems. For these reasons, advanced control and monitoring (CM) syst ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063505 (2009)] published Fri Jun 26, 2009. Real-time data processing and magnetic field pitch angle estimation of the JET motional Stark effect diagnostic based on Kalman filtering http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063504/1&agg=rss R. Coelho, D. Alves, N. Hawkes, M. Brix, and JET EFDA Contributors<br/> A novel technique for the real-time measurement of the magnetic field pitch angle in JET discharges using the motional Stark effect diagnostic is presented. Kalman filtering techniques are adopted to estimate the amplitude of the avalanche photodiode signals' harmonics that are relevant for the pitc ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063504 (2009)] published Thu Jun 25, 2009. Generation of Mie size microdroplet aerosols with applications in laser-driven fusion experiments http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063503/1&agg=rss A. P. Higginbotham, O. Semonin, S. Bruce, C. Chan, M. Maindi et al.<br/> We have developed a tunable source of Mie scale microdroplet aerosols that can be used for the generation of energetic ions. To demonstrate this potential, a terawatt Ti:AlO laser focused to 2 x 10 W/cm was used to irradiate heavy water (DO) aerosols composed of micron-scale droplets. Energetic deu ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063503 (2009)] published Thu Jun 25, 2009. Erratum: A hard x-ray nanoprobe for scanning and projection nanotomography [Rev. Sci Instrum. 80, 056101 (2009)] http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/069902/1&agg=rss Pierre Bleuet, Peter Cloetens, Patrice Gergaud, Denis Mariolle, Nicolas Chevalier et al.<br/> Abstract not available. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 069902 (2009)] published Wed Jun 24, 2009. Making a commercial atomic force microscope more accurate and faster using positive position feedback control http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063705/1&agg=rss I. A. Mahmood and S. O. Reza Moheimani<br/> This paper presents experimental implementation of a positive position feedback (PPF) control scheme for vibration and cross-coupling compensation of a piezoelectric tube scanner in a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM is a device capable of generating images with extremely high resol ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063705 (2009)] published Tue Jun 23, 2009. Near-infrared photon time-of-flight spectroscopy of turbid materials up to 1400 nm http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063105/1&agg=rss Tomas Svensson, Erik Alerstam, Dmitry Khoptyar, Jonas Johansson, Staffan Folestad et al.<br/> Photon time-of-flight spectroscopy (PTOFS) is a powerful tool for analysis of turbid materials. We have constructed a time-of-flight spectrometer based on a supercontinuum fiber laser, acousto-optical tunable filtering, and an InP/InGaAsP microchannel plate photomultiplier tube. The system is capabl ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063105 (2009)] published Tue Jun 23, 2009. NIF unconverted light and its influence on DANTE measurements http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063104/1&agg=rss Frederic Girard, Larry Suter, Otto Landen, Dave Munro, Sean Regan et al.<br/> NIF laser facility produces 1053 nm light and a fundamental requirement for NIF is to give up to 1.8 MJ of 351 nm light for target physics experiments. The 351 nm light is provided by frequency tripling the 1053 nm light in nonlinear crystals in the final optics assembly, just before the laser light ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063104 (2009)] published Tue Jun 23, 2009. Stable voltage source for Penning trap experiments http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/064701/1&agg=rss David B. Pinegar, Klaus Blaum, Tomasz P. Biesiadzinski, Steven L. Zafonte, and Robert S. Van Dyck, Jr.<br/> A voltage reference has been developed to bias ring electrodes of two Penning traps between 90 and 0 V. For output voltages near 90 V, the Allan deviation of the system's voltage instability is less than 1 part in 10 over all time scales shorter than 10 s. For averaging times longer than several se ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 064701 (2009)] published Mon Jun 22, 2009. Ultrastable combined atomic force and total internal fluorescence microscope http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063704/1&agg=rss H. Gumpp, S. W. Stahl, M. Strackharn, E. M. Puchner, and H. E. Gaub<br/> Combining atomic force microscope (AFM) with other microscopy techniques has expanded the range of potential applications for single molecule investigations dramatically. Particularly hybrid instruments with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) excitation have opened new routes in life scie ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063704 (2009)] published Mon Jun 22, 2009. Method for analyzing E x B probe spectra from Hall thruster plumes http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063502/1&agg=rss Rohit Shastry, Richard R. Hofer, Bryan M. Reid, and Alec D. Gallimore<br/> Various methods for accurately determining ion species' current fractions using E x B probes in Hall thruster plumes are investigated. The effects of peak broadening and charge exchange on the calculated values of current fractions are quantified in order to determine the importance of accounting fo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063502 (2009)] published Mon Jun 22, 2009. Setup for optimized grazing incidence x-ray absorption experiments on thin films on substrates http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063904/1&agg=rss C. Maurizio, M. Rovezzi, F. Bardelli, H. G. Pais, and F. D'Acapito<br/> We present a state-of-the-art experimental apparatus and a proper setup to perform x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments in grazing incidence mode. This geometry is appropriate for doped thin films or interfaces buried at moderate depth in a thick matrix, whenever the scattering and/or flu ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063904 (2009)] published Fri Jun 19, 2009. The bone diagnostic instrument III: Testing mouse femora http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/065108/1&agg=rss Connor Randall, Phillip Mathews, Eugene Yurtsev, Nadder Sahar, David Kohn et al.<br/> Here we describe modifications that allow the bone diagnostic instrument (BDI) [P. Hansma et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 064303 (2008); Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 075105 (2006)], developed to test human bone, to test the femora of mice. These modifications include reducing the effective weight of the in ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 065108 (2009)] published Wed Jun 17, 2009. Production and ion-ion cooling of highly charged ions in electron string ion source http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063304/1&agg=rss D. E. Donets, E. D. Donets, E. E. Donets, V. V. Salnikov, V. B. Shutov et al.<br/> The scheme of an internal injection of Au atoms into the working space of the Krion-2 electron string ion source (ESIS) was applied and tested. In this scheme Au atoms are evaporated from the thin tungsten wire surface in vicinity of the source electron string. Ion beams with charge states up to Au ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063304 (2009)] published Tue Jun 16, 2009. Accurate noncontact calibration of colloidal probe sensitivities in atomic force microscopy http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/065107/1&agg=rss Koo-Hyun Chung, Gordon A. Shaw, and Jon R. Pratt<br/> The absolute force sensitivities of colloidal probes comprised of atomic force microscope, or AFM, cantilevers with microspheres attached to their distal ends are measured. The force sensitivities are calibrated through reference to accurate electrostatic forces, the realizations of which are descri ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 065107 (2009)] published Mon Jun 15, 2009. Development of novel hybrid flexure-based microgrippers for precision micro-object manipulation http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/065106/1&agg=rss Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Bijan Shirinzadeh, and Yanling Tian<br/> This paper describes the process of developing a microgripper that is capable of high precision and fidelity manipulation of micro-objects. The design adopts the concept of flexure-based hinges on its joints to provide the rotational motion, thus eliminating the inherent nonlinearities associated wi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 065106 (2009)] published Mon Jun 15, 2009. Concept for support and cleavage of brittle crystals http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063703/1&agg=rss L. Troger, J. Schutte, F. Ostendorf, A. Kuhnle, and M. Reichling<br/> We report on sample holders for crystals to be cleaved for the preparation of surfaces with large atomically flat terraces. The concept for mounting sample crystals is based on a vicelike clamping mechanism to securely hold the crystal in position while reducing the risk of fragmentation. Sample hol ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063703 (2009)] published Fri Jun 12, 2009. A time-gating scintillation detector for the measurement of laser-induced fast neutrons http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063303/1&agg=rss Sungman Lee, Sangsoon Park, Kwon-hae Yea, and Hyungki Cha<br/> A time-gating scintillation detector, in which a fast high voltage switch is used for gating a channel photomultiplier, was developed for a measurement of laser-induced fast neutrons. The x rays generated from the intense femtosecond laser and the solid target interactions were suppressed selectivel ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063303 (2009)] published Thu Jun 11, 2009. High-resolution, high-transmission soft x-ray spectrometer for the study of biological samples http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063103/1&agg=rss O. Fuchs, L. Weinhardt, M. Blum, M. Weigand, E. Umbach et al.<br/> We present a variable line-space grating spectrometer for soft x-rays that covers the photon energy range between 130 and 650 eV. The optical design is based on the HettrickUnderwood principle and tailored to synchrotron-based studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples. The spectrometer is ab ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063103 (2009)] published Thu Jun 11, 2009. A passive long-wavelength infrared microscope with a highly sensitive phototransistor http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063702/1&agg=rss Yusuke Kajihara, Susumu Komiyama, Patrick Nickels, and Takeji Ueda<br/> A passive scanning confocal microscope in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region has been developed for sensitive imaging of spontaneous LWIR radiation by utilizing an ultrahighly sensitive detector, called the charge-sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP). The microscope consisted of room-te ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063702 (2009)] published Wed Jun 10, 2009. Digital ratemeter with fast response http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063501/1&agg=rss J. M. Puzovic and I. V. AniCin<br/> Digital ratemeter that operates according to a self-adjusting algorithm, which at low rates automatically switches from a preset count to the preset time method, is proposed. It combines the good properties of both methods concerning the accuracy of the measured average counting rate and the respons ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063501 (2009)] published Wed Jun 10, 2009. Simultaneous measurements of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of suspended thin samples by transient electrothermal method http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/064901/1&agg=rss Bo Feng, Weigang Ma, Zhixin Li, and Xing Zhang<br/> The electrothermal technique is developed to simultaneously measure the specific heat and thermal conductivity of individual thin samples suspended across two heat sinks, resorting to pulsed direct currents with or without a dc offset. The temperature evolution due to Joule self-heating is recorded ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 064901 (2009)] published Wed Jun 10, 2009. Electron spectroscopy using two-dimensional electron detection and a camera in a single electron counting mode http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063302/1&agg=rss M. Vos, M. R. Went, and E. Weigold<br/> A brief description is given of an economical implementation of the read out of a two-dimensional detector in an electron spectrometer by a charge coupled device camera, using a pulse counting mode. Count rates up to 10 kHz can be handled in this way. A comparison with results obtained using a resis ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063302 (2009)] published Wed Jun 10, 2009. Publisher's Note: The bone diagnostic instrument II: Indentation distance increase [Rev. Sci Instrum. 79, 064303 (2008)] http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/069901/1&agg=rss Paul Hansma, Patricia Turner, Barney Drake, Eugene Yurtsev, Alexander Proctor et al.<br/> Abstract not available. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 069901 (2009)] published Tue Jun 9, 2009. Research on three dimensional machining effects using atomic force microscope http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/065105/1&agg=rss Yao-Ting Mao, Kai-Chen Kuo, Ching-En Tseng, Jian-Yin Huang, Yi-Chih Lai et al.<br/> This research studies the use of scanning probe microscope as the tool to manufacture three dimensional nanoscale objects. We modified a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) and replaced the original probe control system with a personal computer (PC) based controller. The modified system used th ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 065105 (2009)] published Tue Jun 9, 2009. rf testbed for thermoacoustic tomography http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/064301/1&agg=rss D. Fallon, L. Yan, G. W. Hanson, and S. K. Patch<br/> Thermoacoustic signal excitation is a function of intrinsic tissue properties and illuminating electric field. De-ionized (DI) water is a preferred acoustic coupling medium for thermoacoustics because acoustic and electromagnetic waves propagate in DI water with very little loss. We have designed a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 064301 (2009)] published Tue Jun 9, 2009. A rapid method for flow-ready cylindrical microchannel fabrication http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/066103/1&agg=rss Kimberly H. Henthorn<br/> Most current methods of microchannel fabrication are expensive and time consuming or result in noncylindrical channels, which is undesirable for many applications. A rapid inexpensive method for the fabrication of flow-ready cylindrical polymer microchannels from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is prese ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 066103 (2009)] published Mon Jun 8, 2009. A compact electron beam ion source with integrated Wien filter providing mass and charge state separated beams of highly charged ions http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063301/1&agg=rss M. Schmidt, H. Peng, G. Zschornack, and S. Sykora<br/> A Wien filter was designed for and tested with a room temperature electron beam ion source (EBIS). Xenon charge state spectra up to the charge state Xe were resolved as well as the isotopes of krypton using apertures of different sizes. The complete setup consisting of an EBIS and a Wien filter has ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063301 (2009)] published Mon Jun 8, 2009. Cancellation of environmental effects in resonant mass sensors based on resonance mode and effective mass http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063903/1&agg=rss Kianoush Naeli and Oliver Brand<br/> A novel technique is developed to cancel the effect of environmental parameters, e.g., temperature and humidity, in resonant mass sensing. Utilizing a single resonator, the environmental cancellation is achieved by monitoring a pair of resonant overtones and the effective sensed mass in those overto ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063903 (2009)] published Fri Jun 5, 2009. State feedback control for adjusting the dynamic behavior of a piezoactuated bimorph atomic force microscopy probe http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063701/1&agg=rss Bilal Orun, Serkan Necipoglu, Cagatay Basdogan, and Levent Guvenc<br/> We adjust the transient dynamics of a piezoactuated bimorph atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe using a state feedback controller. This approach enables us to adjust the quality factor and the resonance frequency of the probe simultaneously. First, we first investigate the effect of feedback gains o ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063701 (2009)] published Thu Jun 4, 2009. A methodology for improving laser beam induced current images of dye sensitized solar cells http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063102/1&agg=rss Francisco Javier Navas, Rodrigo Alcantara, Concha Fernandez-Lorenzo, and Joaquin Martin<br/> Using the laser beam induced current (LBIC) technique for the study of solar cells and photovoltaic devices, it is possible to obtain images representing the different degrees of quantum efficiency observed on the surface of these elements. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or photoelectrochemical ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 063102 (2009)] published Thu Jun 4, 2009.