Review of Scientific Instruments: All Topics

Emission characteristics of H ion source with inverse gas magnetron geometry

V. A. Baturin, P. A. Litvinov, S. A. Pustovoitov, and A. Yu. Karpenko
The work is dedicated to the experimental investigation of the intense volume-plasma H ion source. Preliminary experimental researches of two parameters of the upgraded sourceemission density of H ions and gas floware represented below. In plasma volume of noncesium H ion source, the conditions for ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A710 (2010)] published Tue Feb 9, 2010.

Spallation neutron source saddle antenna H ion source project

Vadim Dudnikov, Rolland P. Johnson, Galina Dudnikova, Martin Stockli, and Robert Welton
In this project we are developing an H source which will synthesize the most important developments in the field of negative ion sources to provide high current, high brightness, good lifetime, high reliability, and high power efficiency. We describe two planned modifications to the present spallati ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A709 (2010)] published Tue Feb 9, 2010.

Development of radioactive ion beam production systems for Tokai Radioactive Ion Acceleration ComplexHigh temperature ion source for short-lived isotopes

Y. Otokawa, A. Osa, T. K. Sato, M. Matsuda, S. Ichikawa et al.
We have developed a new ion source system in the isotope separator on-line at Japan Atomic Energy Agency, for separation of short-lived isotopes produced by proton-induced fission of U. The ion source system is a forced electron beam induced arc discharge version E type ion source with a target cont ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A902 (2010)] published Tue Feb 9, 2010.

First beams from the new electron cyclotron resonance source LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS) at INFN-LNL

A. Galata, T. Kulevoy, M. Sattin, F. Scarpa, and A. Facco
From April 2008 the PIAVE injector for the ALPI booster was involved in the upgrade of the high voltage platform housing an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source. A 14.5 GHz SUPERNANOGAN type ECR replaced the existing source ALICE; at the same time, the whole platform beam line was redesigned an ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A315 (2010)] published Tue Feb 9, 2010.

Plasma potential and energy spread determination using ion beams extracted from an electron cyclotron resonance source

P. R. Harris and F. W. Meyer
We have obtained estimates of plasma potentials and energy spreads characterizing an electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma under different source conditions. Our estimates are obtained from analysis of ion beams extracted from the ion source at 10 kV that are subsequently decelerated into a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A310 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Time profile of ion pulses produced in a hot-cavity laser ion source

Y. Liu, J. R. Beene, C. C. Havener, C. R. Vane, Ch. Geppert et al.
The time spreads of Mn ions produced by three-photon resonant ionization in a hot-cavity laser ion source are measured. A one-dimensional ion-transport model is developed to simulate the observed ion time structures. Assuming ions are generated with a Maxwellian velocity distribution and are guided ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A505 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Progress in ion source injector development at the ion beam therapy center (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center)

T. Winkelmann, R. Cee, T. Haberer, B. Naas, and A. Peters
Radiotherapy with heavy ions is an upcoming cancer treatment method with to date unachieved precision. It associates higher control rates particularly for radio-resistant tumor species with reduced adverse effects compared to conventional photon therapy. At Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center two 14. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A311 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Experimental study for 1520 mA dc H multicusp source

Tianjue Zhang, Xianlu Jia, Yinlong Lv, Jian Zou, Fengping Guan et al.
Recently, a new H- source and test stand was developed at CIAE. The design of this new source is based on the experience on our previous 1015 mA H ion source and the source at TRIUMF. Major efforts include the study of the virtual filter magnetic field, confining magnetic field, filament shape and l ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A705 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Recent advances in plasma devices based on plasma lens configuration for manipulating high-current heavy ion beams

A. Dobrovolskiy, S. Dunets, A. Evsyukov, A. Goncharov, V. Gushenets et al.
We describe new results of development of novel generation cylindrical plasma devices based on the electrostatic plasma lens configuration and concept of electrons magnetic insulation. The crossed electric and magnetic fields plasma lens configuration provides us with the attractive and suitable met ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B704 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Simulation of cesium injection and distribution in rf-driven ion sources for negative hydrogen ion generation

R. Gutser, U. Fantz, and D. Wunderlich
Cesium seeded sources for surface generated negative hydrogen ions are major components of neutral beam injection systems in future large-scale fusion experiments such as ITER. Stability and delivered current density depend highly on the cesium conditions during plasma-on and plasma-off phases of th ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A706 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Generation of high currents of carbon ions with the use of subnanosecond near-infrared laser pulses

J. Krasa, A. Velyhan, D. Margarone, E. Krousky, J. Ullschmied et al.
Emission of carbon currents reaching values up to 2 A/cm at a distance of 1 m from the laser ion source driven by the subnanosecond Prague Asterix Laser System operated at a fundamental wavelength of 1315 nm is reported. Graphite targets were exposed to intensities up to 5 x 10 W/cm varying both t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A504 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Commissioning of the new H source for Linac4

M. Kronberger, D. Kuchler, J. Lettry, O. Midttun, M. O'Neil et al.
As part of the CERN accelerator complex upgrade, a new linear accelerator for H (Linac4) will start its operation in 2014. The source for this linac will be a 2 MHz rf driven H source which is a copy of the very successful source from DESY. In this paper the design and the first results of the commi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A708 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Stability study of all-permanent-magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source

K. Yoshida, T. Nara, Y. Saitoh, and W. Yokota
Beam intensity fluctuation was investigated using an electron cyclotron resonance ion source of an all-permanent-magnet type under development for highly stable beam intensity. While the source achieved a stability of better than 3.2% by strict regulation of the coolant temperature change within 0.1 ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A312 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Enhancement in ion beam current with layered-glows in a constricted dc plasma ion source

Yeong-Shin Park and Y. S. Hwang
High current mode has been discovered and investigated in a constricted dc plasma ion source. As discharge currents exceed a certain threshold, voltage to sustain the constricted dc plasma suddenly falls down to almost half of the value. In this sense, constricted dc plasmas can be sustained at much ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B309 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Production of electron cyclotron resonance plasma by using multifrequencies microwaves and active beam profile control on a large bore electron cyclotron resonance ion source with permanent magnets

Yushi Kato, Takeyoshi Watanabe, Yuuki Matsui, Yoshiaki Hirai, Osamu Kutsumi et al.
A new concept on magnetic field with all magnets on plasma production and confinement has been proposed to enhance efficiency of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma for broad and dense ion beam source under the low pressure. The magnetic field configuration is constructed by a pair of magne ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A313 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Intermittent contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy

Yoshiomi Hiranaga and Yasuo Cho
Intermittent contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (IC-SNDM) was developed as a novel technique for surface topography measurements and observation of domain structures. Domain structures on ferroelectric single crystals were observed with nanoscale resolution using IC-SNDM. The reproduci ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023705 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Review of polarized ion sources (invited)

A. Zelenski
Recent progress in polarized ion sources development is reviewed. New techniques for production of polarized H ion (proton), D (D), and He ion beams are discussed. Feasibility studies of these techniques are in progress at BNL and other laboratories. Polarized deuteron beams will be required for the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B308 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Current capabilities and future needs for semiconductor ion implantation (invited)

A. Renau
For many years the largest commercial application for particle accelerators has been semiconductor ion implantation. These tools differ from other accelerators in many respects. In particular they are automated to a very high degree and, in addition to technical performance requirements their succes ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B907 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Plasma meniscus and extraction electrode studies of the ISIS H ion source

S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford, C. Gabor, and J. K. Pozimski
In order to reduce the emittance and increase the transported beam current from the ISIS Penning-type H ion source, improvements to the extraction system are required. This ion source is currently being commissioned on the front end test stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, which demands hig ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A707 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

ITEP MEVVA ion beam for reactor material investigation

T. Kulevoy, R. Kuibeda, G. Kropachev, A. Kozlov, B. Chalyh et al.
Since 2008 the ion beam irradiation modeling experiments for the testing of reactor materials radiation hardness are under development at the ITEP heavy ion RFQ injector with MEVVA ion source. Ion beam irradiation method has certain advantages for such tests. One of them is high speed of defect form ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B906 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

NbSn superconducting magnets for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

P. Ferracin, S. Caspi, H. Felice, D. Leitner, C. M. Lyneis et al.
Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources are an essential component of heavy-ion accelerators. Over the past few decades advances in magnet technology and an improved understanding of the ECR ion source plasma physics have led to remarkable performance improvements of ECR ion sources. Currentl ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A309 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Ion beam oscillation due to fluctuation of a hot filament driven magnetized plasma

S. Imakita, N. Miyamoto, T. Kasuya, Y. Kimura, and M. Wada
Ion beam current extracted from a modified Bernas type ion source occasionally exhibits an oscillation at a frequency of several 100 kHz. Increase in the strength of a linear magnetic field induced to the ion source has either decreased or increased the frequency of this oscillation. The frequency s ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B310 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Design and construction of a compact microwave proton source for a proton linac

I. S. Hong, B. S. Park, J. H. Jang, H. J. Kwon, Y. S. Cho et al.
A 100 MeV, 20 mA proton linear accelerator is being developed by the Proton Engineering Frontier Project at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. 20 MeV acceleration system using radio frequency quadrupole and drift tube linac was already developed and has been tested. To operate this accelera ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A314 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Fundamental experiments on evaporation of cesium in ion sources

U. Fantz, R. Gutser, and C. Wimmer
Basic experiments are carried out to study the cesium evaporation and desorption from surfaces at different temperatures in an environment, which is very close to the conditions of negative hydrogen ion sources for fusion applications: in a vacuum base pressure of 10 mbar and in a hydrogen plasma i ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B102 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

A compact multipurpose nanomanipulator for use inside a scanning electron microscope

E. C. Heeres, A. J. Katan, M. H. van Es, A. F. Beker, M. Hesselberth et al.
A compact, two-stage nanomanipulator was designed and built for use inside a scanning electron microscope. It consists of a fine stage employing piezostacks that provide a 15 [mu]m range in three dimensions and a coarse stage based on commercially available stick-slip motors. Besides the fabricatio ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023704 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Strain sensing with submicron AlAlOAl tunnel junctions

P. J. Koppinen, J. T. Lievonen, M. Ahlskog, and I. J. Maasilta
We demonstrate a local strain sensing method for nanostructures based on metallic Al tunnel junctions with AlO barriers. The junctions were fabricated on top of a thin silicon nitride membrane, which was actuated with an atomic force microscope tip attached to a stiff cantilever. A large relative ch ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023901 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

J. P. M. Beijers and V. Mironov
We present a three-dimensional simulation of the ion dynamics in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Ion trajectories in the min-B field of the source are calculated taking ion-ion and electron-ion collisions into account. The electrons are not tracked but considered as a neutralizing backgr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A307 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Synchronous measurement of even and odd order intermodulation distortion at the resonant frequency of a superconducting resonator

Evan K. Pease, Bradley J. Dober, and S. K. Remillard
A method has been developed that uses three input tones to measure both even and odd order intermodulation distortions (IMDs) inside the pass band of resonant devices. With this technique the surface current density of both the driving signal and the IMD tones can be quantified. Synchronous, or same ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024701 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Simulations of negative ion plasma sheaths

M. Cavenago
The need to accurately model beams of negative ions in high current sources makes reasonable to refine the simulation mesh up to fractions of the Debye length lambda, which is typically 0.01 mm. Even if simulations were finally possible in two space dimensions, still the role of one-dimensional (1D) ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B501 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Measurement of radial and axial high energy x-ray spectra in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasmas

J. Noland, J. Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, C. Lyneis, and J. Verboncoeur
Radial and axial x-ray measurements of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources operating at microwave frequencies of 6.4 and 14 GHz are presented. Results indicate a greater detected photon energy in the radial direction than the axial direction for both the 6.4 GHz source and the 14 GHz source. It ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A308 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Self-heated hollow cathode discharge system for charged particle sources and plasma generators

V. I. Gushenets, A. S. Bugaev, E. M. Oks, P. M. Schanin, and A. A. Goncharov
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of a new design of discharge system using a self-heated hollow cathode. The discharge system offers certain advantages that are attractive for use in high-dose ion implantation, plasma generators, and plasma electron sources. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B305 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Generation of multicomponent ion beams by a vacuum arc ion source with compound cathode

K. P. Savkin, Yu. G. Yushkov, A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks, and G. Yu. Yushkov
This paper presents the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry studies of the elemental and mass-to-charge state compositions of metal ion beams produced by a vacuum arc ion source with compound cathode (WCCo, CuCr, TiCu). We found that the ion beam composition agrees well with the stoichiometr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A501 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Bio-Nano ECRIS: An electron cyclotron resonance ion source for new materials production

T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, K. Tanaka, M. Muramatsu, T. Asaji et al.
We developed an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for new materials production on nanoscale. Our main target is the endohedral fullerenes, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast ma ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A306 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

A tandem-based compact dual-energy gamma generator

A. Persaud, J. W. Kwan, M. Leitner, K.-N. Leung, B. Ludewigt et al.
A dual-energy tandem-type gamma generator has been developed at E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. The tandem accelerator geometry allows higher energy nuclear reactions to be reached, thereby allowing more flexible generation of MeV-energy gammas for activ ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B904 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Development of a laser-focused ion beam combination machine

Y. Yoshida, T. Masuzawa, H. Ikeda, K. Oguchi, H. Yamagishi et al.
We have developed a laser and focused ion beam (FIB) compound system to process an optical component device with an ultrafine precision minute surface structure and a micromedical device. This machine consists of an FIB and three types of lasers with an atomic force microscope. This system can fabri ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B702 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

The NSCL electron beam ion trap for the reacceleration of rare isotopes coming to life: First extraction tests with a high-current electron gun

S. Schwarz, G. Bollen, M. Johnson, O. Kester, M. Kostin et al.
NSCL is currently constructing the ReA3 reaccelerator, which will accelerate rare isotopes obtained from gas stopping of fast-fragment beams to energies of up to 3 MeV/u for uranium and higher for lighter ions. A high-current charge breeder, based on an electron beam ion trap (EBIT), has been chosen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A503 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

A dual-beam photothermal reflection based system for thermal diffusivity measurement of optically dense liquids

Blanca Jaimes, Dervin Pulgar, Maria Antonieta Ranaudo, Jose Chirinos, and Manuel Caetano
A dual-beam photothermal reflection based system capable to measure thermal diffusivities of optically dense liquids has been designed and implemented. The large optical absorption coefficient of these liquids inhibits the possibility to use conventional transmission instruments for direct thermal d ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024902 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

IBSIMU: A three-dimensional simulation software for charged particle optics

T. Kalvas, O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen, O. Steczkiewicz, J. Arje et al.
A general-purpose three-dimensional (3D) simulation code IBSIMU for charged particle optics with space charge is under development at JYFL. The code was originally developed for designing a slit-beam plasma extraction and nanosecond scale chopping for pulsed neutron generator, but has been developed ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B703 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Boron ion source based on planar magnetron discharge in self-sputtering mode

V. I. Gushenets, A. Hershcovitch, T. V. Kulevoy, E. M. Oks, K. P. Savkin et al.
An ion source based on a planar magnetron sputtering device with thermally isolated target has been designed and demonstrated. For a boron sputtering target, high target temperature is required because boron has low electrical conductivity at room temperature, increasing with temperature. The target ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B303 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Note: Lateral force microscope calibration using multiple location pivot loading of rectangular cantilevers

Koo-Hyun Chung and Mark G. Reitsma
This note outlines a calibration method for atomic force microscope friction measurement that uses the pivot method of [Bogdanovic et al., Colloids Surf. B 19, 397 (2000)] to generate optical lever sensitivities for known torque applied to rectangular cantilevers. We demonstrate the key calibration ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026104 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

X-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer

Shunji Kitamoto, Hiroshi Murakami, Youich Shishido, Norimitsu Gotoh, Takuma Shibata et al.
We fabricated a novel x-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer and measured its performance with synchrotron radiation. A self standing multilayer with seven Mo/Si bilayers was installed with an incident angle of 45 degrees in front of a back-illuminated CCD. The multilayer can be rotated a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023105 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Sources of polyatomic ions of organic liquids

G. H. Takaoka, M. Takeuchi, and H. Ryuto
We have developed two types of liquid ion sources, one of which was a polyatomic ion source using liquid organic materials with a high-vapor pressure. Liquid materials such as octane and ethanol could be heated up to a maximum temperature of 100 degrees C, and the vapors were introduced into an ion ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B302 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

ITEP MEVVA ion beam for rhenium silicide production

T. Kulevoy, N. Gerasimenko, D. Seleznev, G. Kropachev, A. Kozlov et al.
The rhenium silicides are very attractive materials for semiconductor industry. In the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) at the ion source test bench the research program of rhenium silicide production by ion beam implantation are going on. The investigation of silicon wafer ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B905 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Gridless, very low energy, high-current, gaseous ion source

A. V. Vizir, M. V. Shandrikov, G. Yu. Yushkov, and E. M. Oks
We have made and tested a very low energy gaseous ion source in which the plasma is established by a gaseous discharge with electron injection in an axially diverging magnetic field. A constricted arc with hidden cathode spot is used as the electron emitter (first stage of the discharge). The electr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B307 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Laser ion source: A direct plasma injection scheme for two-beam type interdigital-H radio frequency quadrupole linac

T. Ishibashi, N. Hayashizaki, J. Tamura, K. Oka, Y. Shimaya et al.
We developed a laser ion source using a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) as an injection system for a two-beam type radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac with an interdigital-H (IH) type cavity. The laser ion source in the DPIS is directly connected to the RFQ cavity without the low energy bea ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A502 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

A self-sputtering ion source: A new approach to quiescent metal ion beams

Efim Oks and Andre Anders
A new metal ion source is presented based on sustained self-sputtering plasma in a magnetron discharge. Metals exhibiting high self-sputtering yield such as Cu, Ag, Zn, and Bi can be used in a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge such that the plasma almost exclusively contains singly c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B306 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Broad-beam high-current dc ion source based on a two-stage glow discharge plasma

A. V. Vizir, E. M. Oks, and G. Yu. Yushkov
We have designed, made, and demonstrated a broad-beam, dc, ion source based on a two-stage, hollow-cathode, and glow discharges plasma. The first-stage discharge (auxiliary discharge) produces electrons that are injected into the cathode cavity of a second-stage discharge (main discharge). The elect ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B304 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Glow plasma trigger for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

A. V. Vodopianov, S. V. Golubev, I. V. Izotov, A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks et al.
Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) are particularly useful for nuclear, atomic, and high energy physics, as unique high current generators of multicharged ion beams. Plasmas of gas discharges in an open magnetic trap heated by pulsed (100 [mu]s and longer) high power (100 kW and high ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A305 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Study on transport of negative ion plasma using dc laser photodetachment method

S. Shimamoto, T. Kasuya, Y. Kimura, N. Miyamoto, Y. Matsumoto et al.
Transport of negative ion containing plasma was studied in a hydrogen plasma by injecting a semiconductor laser to make an electron density perturbation by photodetachment of negative ions. Change due to laser irradiation on electron saturation current to a Langmuir probe and that on electron curren ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A704 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Laser-plasma debris from a rotating cryogenicsolid-Xe target

Sho Amano, Yutaka Inaoka, Hiroki Hiraishi, Shuji Miyamoto, and Takayasu Mochizuki
We investigate the characteristics of laser plasma debris that is responsible for damaging optics. The debris is composed of fast ions, neutral particles, and fragments, and originates from a solid Xe target on a rotating drum that we developed as an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source. The ice fragmen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023104 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.

Simulation of charge breeding of rubidium using Monte Carlo charge breeding code and generalized ECRIS model

L. Zhao, B. Cluggish, J. S. Kim, R. Pardo, and R. Vondrasek
A Monte Carlo charge breeding code (MCBC) is being developed by FAR-TECH, Inc. to model the capture and charge breeding of 1+ ion beam in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) device. The ECRIS plasma is simulated using the generalized ECRIS model which has two choices of boundary setti ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A304 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

A multichamber system for analyzing the outgassing, deposition, and associated optical degradation properties of materials in a vacuum

Jack Singal, Rafe Schindler, Chihway Chang, Patrick Czodrowski, and Peter Kim
We report on the camera materials test chamber, a multivessel apparatus that analyzes the outgassing consequences of candidate materials for use in the vacuum cryostat of a new telescope camera. The system measures the outgassing products and rates of samples of materials at different temperatures a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 025101 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Simulation of parameter scaling in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasmas using the GEM code

B. Cluggish, L. Zhao, and J. S. Kim
Although heating power and gas pressure are two of the two of primary experimental knobs available to users of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, there is still no clear understanding of how they interact in order to provide optimal plasma conditions. FAR-TECH, Inc. has performed a series of ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A301 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

3D modeling of the electron energy distribution function in negative hydrogen ion sources

R. Terasaki, I. Fujino, A. Hatayama, T. Mizuno, and T. Inoue
For optimization and accurate prediction of the amount of H-ion production in negative ion sources, analysis of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is necessary. We are developing a numerical code which analyzes EEDF in the tandem-type arc-discharge source. It is a three-dimensional Monte C ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A703 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

The effect of rf pulse pattern on bremsstrahlung and ion current time evolution of an ECRIS

T. Ropponen, O. Tarvainen, V. Toivanen, P. Peura, P. Jones et al.
Time-resolved helium ion production and bremsstrahlung emission from JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS is presented with different radio frequency pulse lengths. rf on times are varied from 5 to 50 ms and rf off times from 10 to 1000 ms between different measurement sets. It is observed that the plasma breakdown oc ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A302 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Multichannel, time-resolved picosecond laser ultrasound imaging and spectroscopy with custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor detector

Richard J. Smith, Roger A. Light, Steve D. Sharples, Nicholas S. Johnston, Mark C. Pitter et al.
This paper presents a multichannel, time-resolved picosecond laser ultrasound system that uses a custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor linear array detector. This novel sensor allows parallel phase-sensitive detection of very low contrast modulated signals with performance in each channel c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024901 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Influence of H velocity on H extraction probability from a negative ion source

Y. Matsumoto, M. Nishiura, K. Shinto, H. Yamaoka, M. Sasao et al.
We investigate influence of H initial transport direction and kinetic energy on H extraction probability with three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation. As a result, lower energy H ions are strongly trapped by the electrical potential structure, so that initial condition of H transport direction is ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B701 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Characteristics of liquid cluster ion beam for surface treatment

H. Ryuto, R. Ozaki, Y. Kubo, M. Takeuchi, and G. H. Takaoka
A liquid cluster ion source, which is an ion source for the cluster beams produced with liquid materials, has been developed for the surface treatment of solid materials. The electrodes were designed for increasing the cluster beam intensity by a computer simulation of beam trajectories. The peaks o ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B902 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Carborane beam from ITEP Bernas ion source for semiconductor implanters

D. Seleznev, G. Kropachev, A. Kozlov, R. Kuibeda, V. Koshelev et al.
A joint research and development of steady state intense boron ion sources for hundreds of electron-volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past 5 years. The difficulties of extraction and transportation of low energy boron beams can be solved by implanting clusters of boron atoms. In Insti ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B901 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Note: Construction of x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption fine structure beamline at the Pohang Light Source

Ik-Jae Lee, Chung-Jong Yu, Young-Duck Yun, Chae-Soon Lee, In Deuk Seo et al.
A new hard x-ray beamline, 10B KIST-PAL beamline (BL10B), has been designed and constructed at the Pohang Light Source (PLS) in Korea. The beamline, operated by Pohang Accelerator Laboratory-Korean Institute of Science and Technology consortium, is dedicated to x-ray scattering (XRS) and x-ray absor ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026103 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Enhanced surface production in H ion sources by introducing a negatively biased secondary electrode

YoungHwa An, BongKi Jung, and Y. S. Hwang
A transformer coupled plasma negative hydrogen ion source with an external rf antenna has been developed at SNU, which is capable of continuous operation with long lifetime. A positively biased plasma electrode (PE) has been successfully used for the optimization of H extraction. With molybdenum-coa ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A702 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Two-stage plasma gun based on a gas discharge with a self-heating hollow emitter

A. V. Vizir, A. V. Tyunkov, M. V. Shandrikov, and E. M. Oks
The paper presents the results of tests of a new compact two-stage bulk gas plasma gun. The plasma gun is based on a nonself-sustained gas discharge with an electron emitter based on a discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode. The operating characteristics of the plasma gun are investigated. The ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B903 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

A high-current light-ion injector for tandem accelerators

G. W. W. Quax, A. Gottdang, and D. J. W. Mous
A dual-source injector for tandem accelerators to produce negative ion currents of H, D, and He has been developed and built. The system consists of a central vacuum enclosure that accommodates two multicusp ion sources. Beam currents of several mA of H and D have been obtained by direct negative ex ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A701 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

The role of seed electrons on the plasma breakdown and preglow of electron cyclotron resonance ion source

O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen, T. Thuillier, J. Noland, V. Toivanen et al.
The 14 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics (JYFL) has been operated in pulsed mode in order to study the plasma breakdown and preglow effect. It was observed that the plasma breakdown time and preglow characteristics are affected by seed elec ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A303 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

Investigations of the emittance and brightness of ion beams from an electron beam ion source of the Dresden EBIS type

Alexandra Silze, Erik Ritter, Gunter Zschornack, Andreas Schwan, and Falk Ullmann
We have characterized ion beams extracted from the Dresden EBIS-A, a compact room-temperature electron beam ion source (EBIS) with a permanent magnet system for electron beam compression, using a pepper-pot emittance meter. The EBIS-A is the precursor to the Dresden EBIS-SC in which the permanent ma ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023303 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.

First operation of the charge-breeder electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute

D. P. May, G. Tabacaru, F. P. Abegglen, and W. D. Cornelius
The 14.5 GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) designed and fabricated specifically for charge breeding has been installed at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute for use in the institute's ongoing radioactive-ion-beam upgrade. The initial testing of the source has just begun w ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A901 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

General design of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility deuteron injector: Source and beam line

R. Gobin, V. Blideanu, D. Bogard, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin et al.
In the framework of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (IFMIF-EVEDA) project, CEA/IRFU is in charge of the design and realization of the 140 mA cw deuteron Injector. The electron cyclotron resonance ion source operates at ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B301 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

Publisher's Note: Phase-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy with backward-wave oscillators in reflection mode [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 123904 (2009)]

A. V. Pronin, Yu. G. Goncharov, T. Fischer, and J. Wosnitza
Abstract not available. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 029901 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

Long pulse H ion beam acceleration in MeV accelerator

M. Taniguchi, T. Mizuno, N. Umeda, M. Kashiwagi, K. Watanabe et al.
A multiaperture multigrid accelerator called MeV accelerator has been developed for neutral beam injection system of international thermonuclear experimental reactor. In the present work, long pulse H ion beam acceleration was performed by the MeV accelerator equipped with new water-cooled grids. At ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B101 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

High speed infrared camera diagnostic for heat flux measurement in NSTX

J.-W. Ahn, R. Maingi, D. Mastrovito, and A. L. Roquemore
A new high speed infrared camera has been successfully implemented and produced first set of heat flux measurements on the lower divertor tiles in the NSTX tokamak. High spatial and temporal resolutions, 6.4 mm and 1.66.3 kHz, respectively, enable us to investigate detailed structure of heat flux de ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023501 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

A low noise all-fiber interferometer for high resolution frequency modulated atomic force microscopy imaging in liquids

Haider I. Rasool, Paul R. Wilkinson, Adam Z. Stieg, and James K. Gimzewski
We have developed a low noise all-fiber interferometer for use as the deflection sensor in liquid environment frequency modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). A detailed description and rationale for the choice of the critical components are provided along with the design of a simple alignment ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023703 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Microfluidic refractometer with integrated optical fibers and end-facet transmission gratings

Lei Lei, Hao Li, Jian Shi, and Yong Chen
We demonstrated a microfluidic refractometer with an integrated high resolution transmission grating. This grating was fabricated by UV nanoimprinting on the end facet of a multimode optical fiber which was then placed in the plan of the microfluidic device and perpendicular to a microchannel. On th ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023103 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Electron proportional gas counter for linear and elliptical Mossbauer polarimetry

F. Tancziko, Sz. Sajti, L. Deak, D. G. Merkel, G. Endrőczi et al.
Design, characterization, and selected applications of a novel electron detector dedicated to conventional perpendicular- and low-angle-incidence conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy are presented. The setup is suitable for varying the incident angle and external magnetic fields on Mossbauer s ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023302 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Note: Sensitivity enhancement in continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance: Adaptive signal averaging versus a moving average

Christopher G. Brinton and Donald J. Hirsh
We compare improvements in signal-to-noise in continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectra resulting from adaptive signal averaging and a simple moving average. An adaptive filter module that uses a recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm was incorporated into a CW EPR data acqui ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026102 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

A new flexible scatterometer for critical dimension metrology

Matthias Wurm, Frank Pilarski, and Bernd Bodermann
At Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the National Metrology Institute of Germany, a new type of deep ultraviolet scatterometer has been developed and set up. The concept of the system is very variable and versatile, so that many different types of measurements, e.g., classical scatterometry, el ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023701 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Multifunctional integrating sphere setup for luminous flux measurements of light emitting diodes

Tuomas Poikonen, Pasi Manninen, Petri Karha, and Erkki Ikonen
A multifunctional setup based on the absolute integrating sphere method for measuring luminous flux of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. The total luminous flux in 2pi and 4pi geometries and partial luminous flux with variable cone angle can be measured with the same custom-made integrating ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023102 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Design and development of a radio frequency quadrupole linac postaccelerator for the Variable Energy Cyclotron Center rare ion beam project

S. Dechoudhury, V. Naik, M. Mondal, A. Chatterjee, H. K. Pandey et al.
A four-rod type heavy-ion radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac has been designed, constructed, and tested for the rare ion beam (RIB) facility project at VECC. Designed for cw operation, this RFQ is the first postaccelerator in the RIB beam line. It will accelerate A/q<=14 heavy ions coming from t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023301 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Note: Large rotation measurement using half shaded square patterns

SangHeon Lee (이상헌) and KwangSuk Jung (정광석)
As the manufacturing technology ranging from micrometer to nanometer scale requires more planar motion devices, the demand for sensor measuring the planar motion is increasing. However, the previous sensors measuring the planar motion had a drawback in the measurement of rotation, especially regardi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026101 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Selection and generation of waveforms for differential mobility spectrometry

Evgeny V. Krylov, Stephen L. Coy, John Vandermey, Bradley B. Schneider, Thomas R. Covey et al.
Devices based on differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are used in a number of ways, including applications as ion prefilters for API-MS systems, as detectors or selectors in hybrid instruments (GC-DMS, DMS-IMS), and in standalone systems for chemical detection and identification. DMS ion separat ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024101 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Automated coregistered imaging using a hand-held probe-based optical imager

Steven Regalado, Sarah J. Erickson, Banghe Zhu, Jiajia Ge, and Anuradha Godavarty
Near-infrared optical imaging holds a promise as a noninvasive technology toward cancer diagnostics and other tissue imaging applications. In recent years, hand-held based imagers are of great interest toward the clinical translation of the technology. However hand-held imagers developed to date are ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023702 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Variable-wavelength frequency-domain terahertz ellipsometry

T. Hofmann, C. M. Herzinger, A. Boosalis, T. E. Tiwald, J. A. Woollam et al.
We report an experimental setup for wavelength-tunable frequency-domain ellipsometric measurements in the terahertz spectral range from 0.2 to 1.5 THz employing a desktop-based backward wave oscillator source. The instrument allows for variable angles of incidence between 30 degrees and 90 degrees ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023101 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Anodically bonded submicron microfluidic chambers

S. Dimov, R. G. Bennett, A. Corcoles, L. V. Levitin, B. Ilic et al.
We demonstrate the use of anodic bonding to fabricate cells with characteristic size as large as 7 x 10 mm, with height of [approximate]640 nm, and without any internal support structure. The cells were fabricated from Hoya SD-2 glass and silicon wafers, each with 3 mm thickness to maintain dimensio ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013907 (2010)] published Fri Jan 29, 2010.

A novel merged beams apparatus to study anion-neutral reactions

H. Bruhns, H. Kreckel, K. Miller, M. Lestinsky, B. Seredyuk et al.
We have developed a novel laboratory instrument for studying gas phase, anion-neutral chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such apparatus which uses fast merged beams to investigate anion-neutral chemical reactions. As proof-of-principle we have detected the associative detachm ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013112 (2010)] published Fri Jan 29, 2010.

The trianvil test apparatus: Measurement of shear strength under pressure

J. P. Escobedo, D. P. Field, M. M. LeBlanc, J. N. Florando, and D. H. Lassila
An experimental apparatus has been developed for performing shear tests on specimens held under moderately high hydrostatic pressures (up to the order of 10 GPa). This testing procedure experimentally determines the pressure dependent shear strength of thin foil specimens. This information is necess ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013908 (2010)] published Fri Jan 29, 2010.

Fast shuttling of ions in a scalable Penning trap array

D. R. Crick, S. Donnellan, S. Ananthamurthy, R. C. Thompson, and D. M. Segal
We report on the design and testing of an array of Penning ion traps made from printed circuit board. The system enables fast shuttling of ions from one trapping zone to another, which could be of use in quantum information processing. We describe simulations carried out to determine the optimal pot ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013111 (2010)] published Fri Jan 29, 2010.

Subwavenumber charge-coupled device spectrometer calibration using molecular iodine laser-induced fluorescence

Joseph G. Lambert, Carlos Hernandez-Diaz, and J. Charles Williamson
Spectrometers configured with charge-coupled devices (CCD) or other array-based detectors require calibration to convert from the pixel coordinate to a spectral coordinate. A CCD calibration method well suited for Raman spectroscopy has been developed based on the 514.5 nm Ar laser-induced fluoresce ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013110 (2010)] published Thu Jan 28, 2010.

An interchangeable-cathode vacuum arc plasma source

David K. Olson, Bryan G. Peterson, and Grant W. Hart
A simplified vacuum arc design [based on metal vapor vacuum arc (MeVVA) concepts] is employed as a plasma source for a study of a Be non-neutral plasma. The design includes a mechanism for interchanging the cathode source. Testing of the plasma source showed that it is capable of producing on the or ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013507 (2010)] published Wed Jan 27, 2010.

Optical lattices for atom-based quantum microscopy

Andreas Klinger, Skyler Degenkolb, Nathan Gemelke, Kathy-Anne Brickman Soderberg, and Cheng Chin
We describe new techniques in the construction of optical lattices to realize a coherent atom-based microscope, comprised of two atomic species used as target and probe atoms, each in an independently controlled optical lattice. Precise and dynamic translation of the lattices allows atoms to be brou ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013109 (2010)] published Wed Jan 27, 2010.

High contrast, depth-resolved thermoreflectance imaging using a Nipkow disk confocal microscope

J. A. Summers, T. Yang, M. T. Tuominen, and J. A. Hudgings
We have developed a depth-resolved confocal thermal imaging technique that is capable of measuring the temperature distribution of an encapsulated or semi-obstructed device. The technique employs lock-in charge coupled device-based thermoreflectance imaging via a Nipkow disk confocal microscope, whi ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014902 (2010)] published Tue Jan 26, 2010.

Absolute response of Fuji imaging plate detectors to picosecond-electron bunches

K. Zeil, S. D. Kraft, A. Jochmann, F. Kroll, W. Jahr et al.
The characterization of the absolute number of electrons generated by laser wakefield acceleration often relies on absolutely calibrated FUJI imaging plates (IP), although their validity in the regime of extreme peak currents is untested. Here, we present an extensive study on the dependence of the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013307 (2010)] published Tue Jan 26, 2010.

Note: Anodic bonding with cooling of heat-sensitive areas

Peter C. K. Vesborg, Jakob L. Olsen, Toke R. Henriksen, Ib Chorkendorff, and Ole Hansen
Anodic bonding of silicon to glass always involves heating the glass and device to high temperatures so that cations become mobile in the electric field. We present a simple way of bonding thin silicon samples to borosilicate glass by means of heating from the glass side while locally cooling heat-s ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016111 (2010)] published Tue Jan 26, 2010.

Broadband 308 nm vibrational Raman spectroscopy of gaseous species using a potassium hydrogen phthalate liquid filter and polarization fluorescence suppression

J. E. A. Saunders and M. H. Davy
Broadband XeCl excimer lasers operating at 308 nm are not currently used in the field of gas phase vibrational Raman spectroscopy (VRS). An explanation as to why alternative wavelengths, and in particular tuneable, narrowband lasers are currently preferred for gas phase VRS is presented in addition ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013108 (2010)] published Tue Jan 26, 2010.

Note: Highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device microsusceptometers operating at high frequencies and very low temperatures inside the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator

M. J. Martinez-Perez, J. Sese, F. Luis, D. Drung, and T. Schurig
We report the experimental results that show the operation of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microsusceptometers immersed in the HeHe mixture inside the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator at high frequency (1 MHz) and down to very low temperatures (13 mK). The devices are ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016108 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

In situ manipulation of scanning tunneling microscope tips without tip holder

C. Raad, K. H. Graf, and Ph. Ebert
A design for a manipulator system for manipulating bare scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips without any tip holder is presented. The extremely stiff and rigid system consists of an ultrahigh vacuum compatible fully three-dimensionally movable gripper module driven by stepping motors and piezomo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013706 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Design and validation of a novel bioreactor principle to combine online micro-computed tomography monitoring and mechanical loading in bone tissue engineering

Henri Hagenmuller, Marco Hitz, Hans P. Merkle, Lorenz Meinel, and Ralph Muller
Mechanical loading plays an important role in bone remodeling in vivo and, therefore, has been suggested as a key parameter in stem cell-based engineering of bone-like tissue in vitro. However, the optimization of loading protocols during stem cell differentiation and subsequent bone-like tissue for ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014303 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Combination of a Knudsen effusion cell with a quartz crystal microbalance: In situ measurement of molecular evaporation rates with a fully functional deposition source

Rico Gutzler, Wolfgang M. Heckl, and Markus Lackinger
We describe a straightforward, reliable, and inexpensive design of a Knudsen type molecular effusion cell capable of measuring molecular evaporation rates in situ. This is accomplished by means of a quartz crystal microbalance integrated into the shutter of the effusion cell. The presented layout fa ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015108 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

A method of particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection and microwave reflectometry on HL-2A tokamak

W. W. Xiao, X. L. Zou, X. T. Ding, J. Q. Dong, L. H. Yao et al.
A method of the particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and microwave reflectometry is reported in this paper. Experimental results confirm that pulsed SMBI is a good perturbation source with deeper penetration and better localization than the standard gas puffing. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013506 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Ultrahigh vacuum/high-pressure flow reactor for surface x-ray diffraction and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering studies close to conditions for industrial catalysis

R. van Rijn, M. D. Ackermann, O. Balmes, T. Dufrane, A. Geluk et al.
A versatile instrument for the in situ study of catalyst surfaces by surface x-ray diffraction and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering in a 13 ml flow reactor combined with reaction product analysis by mass spectrometry has been developed. The instrument bridges the so-called pressure gap ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014101 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Note: A simple, convenient, and reliable method to prepare gold scanning tunneling microscope tips

Guoguang Qian, Swatilekha Saha, and K. M. Lewis
A simple method to prepare gold tips for scanning tunneling microscopy has been introduced. In this method, electrochemical etching without a hazardous electrolyte was employed. The setup uses basic laboratory instrumentation to control the etching process. This avoids purchasing complicated, expens ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016110 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Note: A technique to capture and compose streak images of explosive events with unpredictable timing

Gary R. Parker, Blaine W. Asay, and Peter M. Dickson
The authors describe a method to capture optical data and construct digitized streak images for analysis of high-speed phenomena with unpredictable timing by using a high-speed video camera and software routines. Advances in high-speed video camera technology have led to development of cameras with ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016109 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

Mechanical characterization of thin TiO films by means of microelectromechanical systems-based cantilevers

A. Adami, M. Decarli, R. Bartali, V. Micheli, N. Laidani et al.
The measurement of mechanical parameters by means of microcantilever structures offers a reliable and accurate alternative to traditional methods, especially when dealing with thin films, which are extensively used in microfabrication technology and nanotechnology. In this work, microelectromechanic ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015109 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

An electrostatic autoresonant ion trap mass spectrometer

A. V. Ermakov and B. J. Hinch
A new method for ion extraction from an anharmonic electrostatic trap is introduced. Anharmonicity is a common feature of electrostatic traps which can be used for small scale spatial confinement of ions, and this feature is also necessary for autoresonant ion extraction. With the aid of ion traject ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013107 (2010)] published Mon Jan 25, 2010.

High quality single shot diffraction patterns using ultrashort megaelectron volt electron beams from a radio frequency photoinjector

P. Musumeci, J. T. Moody, C. M. Scoby, M. S. Gutierrez, H. A. Bender et al.
Single shot diffraction patterns using a 250-fs-long electron beam have been obtained at the UCLA Pegasus laboratory. High quality images with spatial resolution sufficient to distinguish closely spaced peaks in the DebyeScherrer ring pattern have been recorded by scattering the 1.6 pC 3.5 MeV elect ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013306 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Note: Investigation of a null measurement of optical absorbance using a pulse width modulated light-emitting diode

David A. Rusak, Ernest A. Kawka, and E. Brady Trexler
We examined the possibility of making a null measurement of optical absorbance by using pulse-width modulation to control the intensity of a light-emitting diode (LED). This type of measurement is intriguing because the instrumental sources of noise are different from those in the traditional absorb ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016107 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Machine vision for digital microfluidics

Yong-Jun Shin and Jeong-Bong Lee
Machine vision is widely used in an industrial environment today. It can perform various tasks, such as inspecting and controlling production processes, that may require humanlike intelligence. The importance of imaging technology for biological research or medical diagnosis is greater than ever. Fo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014302 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Temperature control design for a high-resolution gamma-ray tomography detector

Andre Bieberle, Eckhard Schleicher, and Uwe Hampel
In this paper, a thermal control design for a high-resolution gamma-ray computed tomography detector is presented. It accounts for the generation of heat produced by active electronic components as well as heat transfer from external heat sources. The development and implementation of this feature w ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014702 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Time-resolved x-ray scattering from laser-molten indium antimonide

R. Nuske, C. v. Korff Schmising, A. Jurgilaitis, H. Enquist, H. Navirian et al.
We demonstrate a concept to study transient liquids with picosecond time-resolved x-ray scattering in a high-repetition-rate configuration. Femtosecond laser excitation of crystalline indium antimonide (InSb) induces ultrafast melting, which leads to a loss of the long-range order. The remaining loc ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013106 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Cryogenic confocal microscopy with rotation in a magnetic field

T. Kehoe, M. Ediger, R. T. Phillips, and M. Hopkinson
Two approaches to conducting magneto-optical confocal spectroscopy are described, in each of which the confocal head is rotatable with respect to the magnetic field. A coude arrangement has been shown to give adequate performance for scanned imaging, but lower optical throughput than a system based ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013906 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Microdisplacement sensor using an optically trapped microprobe based on the interference scale

Masaki Michihata, Terutake Hayashi, Daisuke Nakai, and Yasuhiro Takaya
Positioning technology is one of the most important technologies for developing microsystems. In particular, displacement sensors are necessary for positioning devices with nanoscale accuracy. In this study, we propose a new displacement sensor that uses an interference scale as a linear scale and a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015107 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

A slow atom source using a collimated effusive oven and a single-layer variable pitch coil Zeeman slower

S. C. Bell, M. Junker, M. Jasperse, L. D. Turner, Y.-J. Lin et al.
We describe a simple slow atom source for loading a rubidium magneto-optical trap. The source includes an effusive oven with a long heated collimation tube. Almost all components are standard vacuum parts. The heating elements and thermocouples are external to the vacuum, protecting them from the ho ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013105 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

A bright and long-pulse illumination for ultrahigh-speed microscopy of living specimens

Hitoshi Nakano, Sayoko Yokoi, Shigeru Yoshida, Makoto Yamada, Takeshi Takeuchi et al.
Ultrahigh-speed microscopy of living specimens requires ultrabright illumination. Moreover, the duration of illumination should be sufficiently long, on the order of at least several tens of milliseconds, in order to investigate the dynamic state of living specimens. However, specimens are exposed t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013705 (2010)] published Wed Jan 20, 2010.

Note: A combined aerodynamic lens/ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiment for the on-stream investigation of aerosol surfaces

Erin R. Mysak, David E. Starr, Kevin R. Wilson, and Hendrik Bluhm
We discuss a new approach for the measurement of the surfaces of free aerosol particles with diameters from 50 to 1000 nm. Particles in this size range have significant influence on the heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere and affect human health. Interfacing an aerodynamic lens to an ambient p ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016106 (2010)] published Wed Jan 20, 2010.

Physics design of a 100 keV acceleration grid system for the diagnostic neutral beam for international tokamak experimental reactor

M. J. Singh and H. P. L. De Esch
This paper describes the physics design of a 100 keV, 60 A H accelerator for the diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) for international tokamak experimental reactor (ITER). The accelerator is a three grid system comprising of 1280 apertures, grouped in 16 groups with 80 apertures per beam group. Several co ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013305 (2010)] published Wed Jan 20, 2010.

A new streaming potential chamber for zeta potential measurements of particulates

N. Guzelsu, C. Wienstien, and S. P. Kotha
A novel streaming potential measurement device has been validated by determining the average electrokinetic (zeta) potential of densely packed particulate such as human erythrocytes and ground bovine cortical bone. The new streaming potential device used in this study is easy to construct in the lab ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015106 (2010)] published Wed Jan 20, 2010.

Development of a new rectangular NaI(Tl) scintillator and spectroscopy of low-energy charged particles

Hidehito Nakamura, Hisashi Kitamura, and Ryuta Hazama
Standard NaI(Tl) scintillators have only one optical window and are housed in airtight protective enclosures to protect against hygroscopicity from moisture in the air. For these reasons, NaI(Tl) scintillators are unsuitable for the collection of scintillation photons or for the detection of low-ene ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013104 (2010)] published Wed Jan 20, 2010.

Intensity correlation measurement system by picosecond single shot soft x-ray laser

Maki Kishimoto, Kazumichi Namikawa, Kouta Sukegawa, Hiroshi Yamatani, Noboru Hasegawa et al.
We developed a new soft x-ray speckle intensity correlation spectroscopy system by use of a single shot high brilliant plasma soft x-ray laser. The plasma soft x-ray laser is characterized by several picoseconds in pulse width, more than 90% special coherence, and 10 soft x-ray photons within a sing ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013905 (2010)] published Tue Jan 19, 2010.

Quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure instrument with millisecond time scale, optimized for in situ applications

S. Khalid, W. Caliebe, P. Siddons, I. So, B. Clay et al.
In order to learn about in situ structural changes in materials at subseconds time scale, we have further refined the techniques of quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure (QEXAFS) and quick x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies at beamline X18B at the National Synchrotr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015105 (2010)] published Tue Jan 19, 2010.

Heavy ion beam probe coordinate mapping and calibration at WEGA stellarator

Y. Podoba, M. Otte, F. Wagner, L. Krupnik, and A. Zhezhera
The heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) is an established nonperturbing diagnostic for high spatially and temporary resolved measurements of magnetically confined plasma parameters such as potential, density, and temperature. These quantities can be determined from the change in the ion beam parameters (cha ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013505 (2010)] published Tue Jan 19, 2010.

Synchronous optical and electrical detection of biomolecules traversing through solid-state nanopores

Gautam V. Soni, Alon Singer, Zhiliang Yu, Yingjie Sun, Ben McNally et al.
We present a novel method for integrating two single-molecule measurement modalities, namely, total internal reflection microscopy and electrical detection of biomolecules using nanopores. Demonstrated here is the electrical measurement of nanopore based biosensing performed simultaneously and in-sy ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014301 (2010)] published Tue Jan 19, 2010.

A laser-Compton scattering prototype experiment at 100 MeV linac of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics

W. Luo, W. Xu, Q. Y. Pan, X. Z. Cai, J. G. Chen et al.
As a prototype of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, an x-ray source based on laser-Compton scattering (LCS) has been installed at the terminal of the 100 MeV linac of the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics. LCS x-rays are generated by interac ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013304 (2010)] published Tue Jan 19, 2010.

Recovery of rectified signals from hot-wire/film anemometers due to flow reversal in oscillating flows

Yingchen Yang, Douglas L. Jones, and Chang Liu
Hot-wire/film anemometers have been broadly used in experimental studies in fluid mechanics, acoustics, and ocean engineering. Yet, it is well known that hot-wire/film anemometers rectify the signal outputs due to the lack of sensitivity to flow direction. This main drawback, in turn, makes them les ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015104 (2010)] published Fri Jan 15, 2010.

Microcontroller-driven fluid-injection system for atomic force microscopy

S. Kasas, L. Alonso, P. Jacquet, J. Adamcik, C. Haeberli et al.
We present a programmable microcontroller-driven injection system for the exchange of imaging medium during atomic force microscopy. Using this low-noise system, high-resolution imaging can be performed during this process of injection without disturbance. This latter circumstance was exemplified by ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013704 (2010)] published Fri Jan 15, 2010.

Note: A multifunction lens test system for imaging quality evaluation

Chun-Jen Chen, Wen-Hong Wu, and Kuo-Cheng Huang
A novel multifunction lens imaging quality test system is established to overcome the practical problems in the conventional system. This system is compact, cost efficient, user friendly, and suitable for lens quality control in production line. The established system can evaluate the modulation tra ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016105 (2010)] published Fri Jan 15, 2010.

Construction, figures of merit, and testing of a single-cell fluorescence excitation spectroscopy system

Laura S. Hill, Tammi L. Richardson, Luisa T. M. Profeta, Timothy J. Shaw, Christopher J. Hintz et al.
Characterization of phytoplankton community composition is critical to understanding the ecology and biogeochemistry of the oceans. One approach to taxonomic characterization takes advantage of differing pigmentation between algal taxa and thus differences in fluorescence excitation spectra. Analyse ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013103 (2010)] published Fri Jan 15, 2010.

Note: Interference technique for minimally invasive, subnanometer, microsecond measurements of displacements

Irene Dujovne, Jacob Kerssemakers, G. Cappello, and Cees Dekker
We present a novel high-resolution technique for single-molecule experiments, viz., differential traveling wave tracking. This is an interference-based scattering technique where we use gold nanoparticles for high scattering intensities and incorporate differential measurements along one in-plane di ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016103 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Cherenkov-type diamond detectors for measurements of fast electrons in the TORE-SUPRA tokamak

L. Jakubowski, M. J. Sadowski, J. Zebrowski, M. Rabinski, K. Malinowski et al.
The paper presents a schematic design and tests of a system applicable for measurements of fast electron pulses emitted from high-temperature plasma generated inside magnetic confinement fusion machines, and particularly in the TORE-SUPRA facility. The diagnostic system based on the registration of ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013504 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Precise stress measurements with white synchrotron x rays

Donald J. Weidner, Michael T. Vaughan, Liping Wang, Hongbo Long, Li Li et al.
In situ measurement of stress in polycrystalline samples forms the basis for studies of the mechanical properties of materials with very broad earth science and materials science applications. Synchrotron x rays have been used to define the local elastic strain in these samples, which in turn define ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013903 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

In situ impedance measurements in diamond anvil cell under high pressure

Yue Wang, Yonghao Han, Chunxiao Gao, Yanzhang Ma, Cailong Liu et al.
Two-electrode configuration was developed for in situ electrical impedance detecting on diamond anvil cell under high pressure. The metal gasket was used as one electrode and the risk coming from electrical short between sample and interside wall of the gasket was eliminated. The configuration was e ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013904 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Highly efficient pulsed power supply system with a two-stage LC generator and a step-up transformer for fast capillary discharge soft x-ray laser at shorter wavelength

Yusuke Sakai, Shnsuke Takahashi, Takanori Komatsu, Inho Song, Masato Watanabe et al.
Highly efficient and compact pulsed power supply system for a capillary discharge soft x-ray laser (SXRL) has been developed. The system consists of a 2.2 [mu]F two-stage LC inversion generator, a 2:54 step-up transformer, a 3 nF water capacitor, and a discharge section with a few tens of centimeter ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013303 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Single crystal diamond tips for scanning probe microscopy

Alexander N. Obraztsov, Petr G. Kopylov, Boris A. Loginov, Mathew A. Dolganov, Rinat R. Ismagilov et al.
Single crystal diamond tips with perfect pyramidal geometry were obtained by a combination of chemical vapor deposition and selective oxidation of polycrystalline films. The parameters of the deposition process were chosen to provide growth of a textured film consisting of micrometer sized diamond c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013703 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Note: Characterization of electrode materials for dielectric spectroscopy

D. Malleo, J. T. Nevill, A. van Ooyen, U. Schnakenberg, L. P. Lee et al.
When measuring the dielectric properties of aqueous samples, the impedance of the electrode/sample interface can limit low frequency measurements. The electrode polarization problem can be reduced by increasing the effective surface area of the electrodes. In this work, impedance spectroscopy was us ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 016104 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Active-passive calibration of optical tweezers in viscoelastic media

Mario Fischer, Andrew C. Richardson, S. Nader S. Reihani, Lene B. Oddershede, and Kirstine Berg-Sorensen
In order to use optical tweezers as a force measuring tool inside a viscoelastic medium such as the cytoplasm of a living cell, it is crucial to perform an exact force calibration within the complex medium. This is a nontrivial task, as many of the physical characteristics of the medium and probe, e ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015103 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Velocity distribution function of sputtered Cu atoms obtained by time resolved optical absorption spectroscopy

Namjun Kang, Soo-ghee Oh, Freddy Gaboriau, and Andre Ricard
A new method based on time resolved optical absorption spectroscopy is proposed to determine the velocity distribution function of sputtered Cu atoms in a magnetron plasma discharge. The method consists of applying a short pulse of 1.5 [mu]s and of recording time variations in copper atom density in ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013102 (2010)] published Thu Jan 14, 2010.

Capture of instantaneous temperature in oscillating flows: Use of constant-voltage anemometry to correct the thermal lag of cold wires operated by constant-current anemometry

Arganthael Berson, Gaelle Poignand, Philippe Blanc-Benon, and Genevieve Comte-Bellot
A new procedure for the instantaneous correction of the thermal inertia of cold wires operated by a constant-current anemometer is proposed for oscillating flows. The thermal inertia of cold wires depends both on the wire properties and on the instantaneous incident flow velocity. Its correction is ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015102 (2010)] published Wed Jan 13, 2010.

Measurement of gas flow velocity: Anemometer with a vibrating hot wire

Jan Kielbasa
I propose a new method to measure velocity of a gas flow, which utilizes the time derivative of the voltage observed on a vibrating hot-wire sensor. The wire vibrates with an amplitude a and a frequency f, and is kept perpendicular to the gas flow direction in the plane containing the flow velocity ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 015101 (2010)] published Wed Jan 13, 2010.

Periodic magnetic field as a polarized and focusing thermal neutron spectrometer and monochromator

J. T. Cremer, D. L. Williams, M. J. Fuller, C. K. Gary, M. A. Piestrup et al.
A novel periodic magnetic field (PMF) optic is shown to act as a prism, lens, and polarizer for neutrons and particles with a magnetic dipole moment. The PMF has a two-dimensional field in the axial direction of neutron propagation. The PMF alternating magnetic field polarity provides strong gradien ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013902 (2010)] published Tue Jan 12, 2010.

Electrochemical differential photoacoustic cell to study in situ the growing process of porous materials

Adriana Gutierrez, Jairo Giraldo, Ruben Velazquez-Hernandez, Maria Luisa Mendoza-Lopez, Diego G. Espinosa-Arbelaez et al.
In order to study in situ the growing process of porous materials, a new electrochemical differential photoacoustic cell (DPC) was developed. This system allows to obtain the thermal signals coming from the growing process of the pores without the external noise component. The DPC is a good system t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013901 (2010)] published Tue Jan 12, 2010.

An experiment for the investigation of forces on microparticles in ion beams

Viktor Schneider, Thomas Trottenberg, Iulian Teliban, and Holger Kersten
A novel experiment for the study of forces on microparticles in ion beams is presented. A broad beam ion source provides a vertically upward directed beam wherein 100 [mu]m hollow glass spheres are injected. The particles are illuminated by a diode laser and recorded with a charge-coupled device ca ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013503 (2010)] published Tue Jan 12, 2010.

A wireless interrogation system exploiting narrowband acoustic resonator for remote physical quantity measurement

J.-M Friedt, C. Droit, G. Martin, and S. Ballandras
Monitoring physical quantities using acoustic wave devices can be advantageously achieved using the wave characteristic dependence to various parametric perturbations (temperature, stress, and pressure). Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are particularly well suited to such applications as thei ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 014701 (2010)] published Mon Jan 11, 2010.

Microcantilever sensors for monitoring the evaporation of microdrops of pure liquids and mixtures

Chuanjun Liu and Elmar Bonaccurso
We describe in detail a nonimaging technique that allows the measurement of the mass, the radius, and the contact angle of evaporating sessile microdrops of pure liquids and binary mixtures. The microdrops were deposited onto hydrophobized silicon microcantilevers whose bending and resonance frequen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 013702 (2010)] published Mon Jan 11, 2010.