Journal of Structural Engineering

Three-Dimensional Hydromechanical Sectional Analysis of Cracked Non-Prismatic Concrete Spillway Piers

Lucian Stefan and Pierre Leger
Several concrete hydraulic structures, such as spillway piers, must be considered as three-dimensional (3D) components subjected to 3D loads. A very convenient approach to perform stability analysis of concrete dams is the so-called gravity method, leading to the solution of a PMM problem (axial for ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000579] posted Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Out-of-Plane Strength of Confined Masonry Walls

Jorge Varela-Rivera, Joel Moreno-Herrera, Ivan Lopez-Gutierrez, and Luis Fernandez-Baqueiro
This paper presents the results of a study on the out-of-plane behavior of confined masonry walls. Six full-scale walls were tested in the laboratory under incremental uniform pressures. Walls with different aspect ratios, slenderness ratios, and in-plane stiffness of confining elements were conside ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000578] posted Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Predicting the Usefulness of Monitoring for Identifying the Behavior of Structures

James-A. Goulet and Ian F. C. Smith
Structures can be better understood when measurement data is used to improve modeling of structural behavior. Our capacity to interpret data depends on aspects such as the choice of model class, model parameters (and their range of possible values) and the extent of uncertainties influencing models ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000577] posted Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Seismic Design and Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Coupling

Daniel J. Borello and Larry A. Fahnestock
Special Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) are an economical seismic lateral force resisting system used throughout North America and Japan. Architectural constraints often encourage the designer to place a pair of planar SPSWs adjacently. A logical extension of the planar SPSW system is to link two SPS ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000576] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Design Strength of Locally Buckling Stub Lipped Channel Columns

M. V. Anil Kumar and V. Kalyanaraman
The compressive strength of the cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel (LC) members may be governed by yielding, the local, distortional or overall buckling and any possible interaction among these modes. The Direct Strength Method (DSM) has been advanced recently for evaluating the strength of CFS ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000575] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Development of a New Composite Slab System Using a Carbon-Fiber-Blended Cementitious Adhesive

Isamu Yoshitake, Atsushi Ogawa, Yail J. Kim, and Yoichi Mimura
This paper presents an experimental study to develop a new composite slab system consisting of concrete deck with reinforcing bars, steel plates welded with rib connectors, and a carbon-fiber-blended cementitious adhesive. The adhesive includes unique characteristics such as rust-resistance and wate ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000574] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Mechanism of Collapse of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings under Earthquake Excitation

Swaminathan Krishnan and Matthew Muto
The mechanism of collapse of tall steel moment frame buildings is explored through three-dimensional nonlinear analyses of two 18-story steel moment frame buildings under earthquake excitation. Both fracture-susceptible as well as perfect-connection conditions are investigated. Classical energy bala ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000573] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Force- and Displacement-Based Seismic Performance Parameters for Reinforced Masonry Structural Walls with Boundary Elements

Bennett R. Banting and Wael W. El-Dakhakhni
There is a need to evaluate existing and introduce new masonry construction techniques within a performance-based seismic design context to advance their adoption in the next generation of seismic design codes in North America. In this regard, a reinforced masonry (RM) structural wall system that in ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000572] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Benchmark Footbridge for Vibration Serviceability Assessment under Vertical Component of Pedestrian Load

Stana Zivanovic
Vibration serviceability criteria are governing the design and determining the cost of modern, slender footbridges. Efficient and reliable evaluation of dynamic performance of these structures usually requires a detailed insight into the structural behaviour under human induced dynamic loading. Desi ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000571] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

In-Plane Elastic Buckling of Shallow Parabolic Arches under an External Load and Temperature Changes

Jianguo Cai, Yixiang Xu, Jian Feng, and Jin Zhang
This paper studies the in-plane stability of rotationally restrained shallow arches subjected to a vertical uniform load and temperature changes below 100 degrees C. The virtual work principle method is used to establish the non-linear equilibrium and buckling equations. Analytical solutions for the ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000570] posted Wed Feb 1, 2012.

Ambient and Forced Vibration Testing of a Reinforced Concrete Building before and after Its Seismic Retrofitting

Serdar Soyoz, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Kutay Orakcal, Robert Nigbor, Derek Skolnik et al.
We investigated the effects of seismic retrofitting on the modal characteristics of a six-story reinforced concrete building located in Istanbul, Turkey. We carried out ambient vibration surveys before, during, and after the retrofitting work, which took place between June and December 2010. The bui ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000568] posted Sat Jan 14, 2012.

Long-Term Behavior of Prestressed LVL Members. II: Analytical Approach

Massimo Fragiacomo and Matthew Davies
This paper investigates the long-term behavior of beams and frames made from laminated veneer lumber (LVL) prestressed with unbonded tendons. A formula for the evaluation of the prestress losses during the service life was derived from the integral equations of wood and tendons using the age-adjuste ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000410] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Dynamic Testing and Structural Identification of the Hypo Bank Office Complex. II: Identification

Antonino Morassi and Francesco Polentarutti
The Hypo Bank headquarters complex, a structure formed by two adjacent seven-story buildings, was subjected to a series of harmonic forced vibration tests in August 2005. In Part I of this research, the natural frequencies, damping factors, and three-dimensional shapes of the first vibration modes o ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000399] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reviewers

Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000500] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Discussion of Progressive Collapse Resistance of Steel-Concrete Composite Floors by Yasser Alashker, Sherif EI-Tawil, and Fahim Sadek

Shiming Chen and Xiaoyu Shi
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000407] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Eliminating Shrinkage Effect from Moment Curvature and Tension Stiffening Relationships of Reinforced Concrete Members

Gintaris Kaklauskas and Viktor Gribniak
Experimental results on cracking and deformation behavior of RC members subjected to short-term loading are frequently misinterpreted because shrinkage effect is not taken into account. Even at first loading, free shrinkage strain of concrete may well exceed the cracking strain. The shrinkage strain ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000395] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Closure to Progressive Collapse Resistance of Steel-Concrete Composite Floors by Yasser Alashker, Sherif El-Tawil, and Fahim Sadek

Yasser Alashker, Sherif El-Tawil, and Fahim Sadek
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000481] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Peak Factors for Non-Gaussian Load Effects Revisited

Dae Kun Kwon and Ahsan Kareem
The estimation of the extreme of non-Gaussian load effects for design applications has often been treated tacitly by invoking a conventional peak factor on the basis of Gaussian processes. This assumption breaks down when the loading process exhibits non-Gaussianity, in which a conventional peak fac ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000412] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Discussion of Tornado-Induced Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building by F. L. Haan Jr., Vasanth Kumar Balaramudu, and P. P. Sarkar

Gregory A. Kopp and Murray J. Morrison
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000309] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Formulation of a Shear Resistance Mechanism for Inclined Cracks in RC Beams

W. Lucas, D. J. Oehlers, and Mohamed Ali
The shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members is often associated with sliding across inclined planes often referred to as critical diagonal cracks. However, quantifying the shear capacity of the RC member in terms of the sliding resistance of an inclined plane as a result of shear-friction ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000382] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Mathematical Macromodeling of Infilled Frames: State of the Art

P. G. Asteris, S. T. Antoniou, D. S. Sophianopoulos, and C. Z. Chrysostomou
The primary objective of this paper is to present a general review of the different macromodels used for the analysis of infilled frames. A number of distinct approaches in the field of analysis of infilled frames since the mid-1950s have yielded several analytical models. These studies stressed tha ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000384] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Discussion of Long-Term Behavior of Composite Beams under Positive and Negative Bending. I: Experimental Study by Jiansheng Fan, Jianguo Nie, Quanwang Li, and Hao Wang

Shiming Chen and Jian Liu
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000381] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Storm and Gust Duration Effects on Design Wind Loads for Glass

Eri Gavanski and Gregory A. Kopp
Duration effects on the design wind loads for glass are examined with respect to ASCE 7-10. Pressure time histories are created by combining variations of wind speed and wind direction from a design cyclone with pressure coefficients obtained from wind tunnel tests of low-rise buildings. The results ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000397] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Estimation of Error Factors in Concrete Cable-Stayed Structures with Sensitivity of Creep

Jong-Bum Park, Jung Il Park, and Jae-Yeol Cho
This study proposes a method for estimating the properties of concrete creep and the unstrained length of cable, by using measured displacements and cable tension forces, in a concrete cable-stayed structure over time. The method is proposed on the basis of minimizing the differences between the act ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000400] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Seismic Behavior of a Coupled Wall System with HPFRC Materials in Critical Regions

Chung-Chan Hung and Sherif El-Tawil
High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) materials have a unique strain-hardening behavior in tension that translates into enhanced structural response, especially under reversed cyclic loading. Recent experimental research has shown that the use of HPFRC to replace regular concrete in com ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000393] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Numerical Modeling of LiteSteel Beams Subject to Shear

Poologanathan Keerthan and Mahen Mahendran
A LiteSteel beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed steel hollow flange channel beam produced by using a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. It has the beneficial characteristics of torsionally rigid closed rectangular flanges combined wit ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000391] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Dynamic Testing and Structural Identification of the Hypo Bank Office Complex. I: Experiments

Antonino Morassi
Nondestructive dynamic methods are a useful tool in structural engineering. Their purpose is twofold. First, they provide guidance on the validation of a mathematical model of the structure under investigation. Second, repeated tests over time can indicate the emergence of possible damage occurring ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000387] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Long-Term Behavior of Prestressed LVL Members. I: Experimental Tests

Matthew Davies and Massimo Fragiacomo
This paper presents the results of experimental tests undertaken to resolve questions regarding the viability of multistory prestressed timber structures, specifically the reduction in the prestress load over time. Reduced- and large-scale specimens were tested for 1 year in controlled and uncontrol ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000405] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Closure to Tornado-Induced Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building by F. L. Haan Jr., Vasanth Kumar Balaramudu, and P. P. Sarkar

F. L. Haan, Jr., V. K. Balaramudu, and P. P. Sarkar
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000462] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Finite-Element Models for Slender, Posttensioned Masonry Walls Loaded Out-of-Plane

Jennifer R. Bean Popehn and Arturo E. Schultz
Nonlinear finite-element models were developed, verified, and used to simulate the measured response of twelve 3.54 m (11.6 ft) tall posttensioned masonry walls with 810 x 100 mm (32 x 4 in.) cross sections that were tested to failure under uniform lateral loading in a laboratory. Variables includ ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000411] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Reliability Acceptance Criteria for Deteriorating Elements of Structural Systems

Daniel Straub and Armen Der Kiureghian
A systematic approach to determining reliability-based acceptance criteria for deteriorating elements in structural systems is proposed as a basis for calibration of safety factors in codes and standards and for verifying acceptability of inspection and maintenance strategies for specific structures ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000425] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Damage Assessment with Ambient Vibration Data Using a Novel Time Series Analysis Methodology

Mustafa Gul and F. Necati Catbas
In this study, a novel approach using a modified time series analysis methodology is used to detect and locate structural changes by using ambient vibration data. In addition, it is shown that the level of the damage feature gives important information about the relative change of the damage severit ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000366] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Effective Stiffness of Squat Structural Walls

Bing Li and Weizheng Xiang
Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls are the primary lateral-load carrying elements in many structures designed to resist earthquakes. A review of the technical literature shows considerable uncertainty with regards to the effective stiffness of these structures when subjected to seismic excita ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000386] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Probabilistic Capacity Models and Fragility Estimates for Steel Pedestals Used to Elevate Bridges

Vahid Bisadi, Paolo Gardoni, and Monique Head
Using steel pedestals has become an effective method for elevating simply supported bridges in the United States. However, a method is needed to estimate their lateral load capacity and probability of failure subjected to different levels of applied loads. This paper shows the development of probabi ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000404] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Closure to Long-Term Behavior of Composite Beams under Positive and Negative Bending. I: Experimental Study by Jiansheng Fan, Jianguo Nie, Quanwang Li, and Hao Wang

Jiansheng Fan, Xiaogang Liu, and Jianguo Nie
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000483] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Prediction of Column Axial Forces in Inverted V-braced Seismic Steel Frames Considering Brace Buckling

ChunHee Cho, Cheol-Ho Lee, and Jeong-Jae Kim
Brace buckling in inverted-V-braced frames induces the vertical unbalanced force. The columns in the braced bay should be designed, per the capacity design concept, to remain elastic for gravity load actions and additional column axial forces that result from the brace buckling. However, owing to th ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000377] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Experimental Study on Fire Resistance of Building Seismic Rubber Bearings

Bo Wu, Liwei Han, Fulin Zhou, Chaoyong Shen, and Ping Tan
Eight building seismic rubber bearings (four uninsulated lead rubber bearings, one insulated lead rubber bearing, two uninsulated natural rubber bearings, and one insulated natural rubber bearing) were experimentally investigated in fire tests following the ISO834 standard heating process. The effec ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000388] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Prestressed Continuous Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

Jianguo Nie, Muxuan Tao, C. S. Cai, and Shaojing Li
A loading capacity analysis is conducted for prestressed continuous steel-concrete composite beams. On the basis of the basic theoretical framework of the solution of externally unbonded prestressed structures, formulas for calculating the three characteristic loads (crack, yield, and ultimate loads ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000409] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Simplified Lateral-Torsional Buckling Analysis in Special Truss-Reinforced Composite Steel-Concrete Beams

Francesco Trentadue, Giuseppe Quaranta, Giuseppe Carlo Marano, and Giorgio Monti
The paper addresses the lateral-torsional buckling for a special steel truss structure which is adopted to reinforce a particular class of composite steel-concrete beams. The investigated instability phenomenon deals with a transitory ultimate limit state that may occur when the truss structure is b ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000390] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Numerical Investigation on the Behavior of Circumferentially Butt-Welded Steel Circular Hollow Section Flexural Members

Chin-Hyung Lee and Kyong-Ho Chang
This paper presents a finite element (FE) analysis to quantify the effects of weld-induced residual stresses on the flexural behavior of circumferentially butt-welded steel circular hollow section (CHS) members. FE modeling of the weld-induced residual stresses is first described. Nonlinear FE analy ... [J. Struct. Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000406] published Fri Jan 13, 2012.

Real-Time Condition Assessment of RAPTOR Telescope Systems

Christopher J. Stull, Stuart G. Taylor, James Wren, David L. Mascarenas, and Charles R. Farrar
The RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) observatory network consists of several ground-based, autonomous, robotic, astronomical observatories primarily designed to search for astrophysical transients called gamma-ray bursts. In order to make these observations, however, the RAPTOR telesco ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000567] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

Cyclic Out-Of-Plane Behaviour of Slender Clay Brick Masonry Walls Seismically Strengthened Using Posttensioning

Najif Ismail and Jason M. Ingham
Equations for the design of a posttensioned seismic retrofit of unreinforced clay brick masonry walls are discussed and results from an associated experimental program are reported. A total of eight (08) full scale multi-wythe vintage solid clay brick masonry walls were subjected to uniformly distri ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000565] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

Analysis of the Lateral Thrust in Bolted Steel Buckling-Restrained Braces. Part 2: Engineering Analytical Estimates

Francesco Genna and Piero Gelfi
Part 1 of this work was concerned with the experimental and numerical analysis of the lateral force, or thrust, exerted by the inner core of a buckling-restrained brace (BRB) when, after buckling in compression, it arrives into contact with the external retaining case. Here, always considering the c ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000564] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

New Design Rules for the Shear Strength of LiteSteel Beams with Web Openings

Poologanathan Keerthan and Mahen Mahendran
LiteSteel beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed steel hollow flange channel section produced using a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. The LSBs are commonly used as floor joists and bearers with web openings in residential, industrial ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000563] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

Vierendeel Bending Study of Perforated Steel Beams with Various Novel Web Opening Shapes, through Non-Linear Finite Element Analyses

Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis and Cedric D'Mello
The Vierendeel mechanism is always critical in perforated steel beams with single large web openings, where global shear forces and Vierendeel moments co-exist. Thus far, the main parameters that are known to affect the structural behavior of such beams are the depth of the web opening, the critical ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000562] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

Shear Strength of Cold-Formed Steel Sheet in Bolted Connections Using Oversized Holes

Cheng Yu and Ke Xu
The North American Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Structural Members provides equations for determining the sheet shear strength in bolted connections when standard holes are used. In applications of oversized holes, the Specification requires experimental analysis to be co ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000561] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

SmartSync: An Integrated Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring and Structural Identification System for Tall Buildings

Tracy Kijewski-Correa, Dae Kun Kwon, Ahsan Kareem, Audrey Bentz, Yanlin Guo et al.
This study introduces a unique prototype system for Structural Health Monitoring, SmartSync, which utilizes the building's existing Internet backbone as a system of virtual instrumentation cables to permit modular and largely plug-and-play deployments. Within this framework, data streams from distri ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000560] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.

Modified Natural Excitation Technique for Stochastic Modal Identification

Minwoo Chang and Shamim N. Pakzad
This paper presents an improvement to the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) with Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) which is called the ERA-NExT-AVG method. The method utilizes a coded average of row vectors in each Markov parameter for evaluating modal properties of a structure. The modifica ... [Journal of Structural Engineering doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000559] posted Mon Jan 2, 2012.