Scitation - Search Results

Lagrangian coherent structures and internal wave attractors

Tue, 05 Jan 2010 21:39:25 GMT

Wenbo Tang and Thomas Peacock
For a nonuniformly stratified layer of fluid, internal gravity waves propagate at varying angles depending on the local buoyancy and Coriolis (in geophysical applications) frequencies. Relatively confined geometries, such as multiple submarine ridges, can support internal wave attractors, which can ... [Chaos 20, 017508 (2010)] published Tue Jan 5, 2010.

First-principles study of alkali-atom doping in a series of zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:19:21 GMT

Y. W. Wen, H. J. Liu, X. J. Tan et al.
First-principles calculations are performed to study the Li doping in a series of carbon nanotubes with different diameters and chiralities. It is found that the LiLi interaction inside or outside zigzag tubes is repulsive but strongly screened. Moreover, small diameter zigzag tubes are energeticall ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034312 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.

Maximum Li storage in Si nanowires for the high capacity three-dimensional Li-ion battery

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 20:14:02 GMT

Kibum Kang, Hyun-Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Han et al.
Nanowires can serve as three-dimensional platforms at the nanometer scale for highly efficient chemical energy storage and conversion vehicles, such as fuel cells and secondary batteries. Here we report a coin-type Si nanowire (NW) half-cell Li-ion battery showing the Li capacity of approximately 40 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053110 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.

Hydrogen generation by solar water splitting using p-InGaN photoelectrochemical cells

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 21:10:07 GMT

K. Aryal, B. N. Pantha, J. Li et al.
Photoelectrochemical effects in p-InGaN (0<=x<=0.22) alloys have been investigated. Hydrogen generation was observed in p-InGaN semiconducting electrodes under white light illumination with additional bias. It was found that p-InGaN alloys possess much higher conversion efficiencies than p-GaN. Time ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052110 (2010)] published Tue Feb 2, 2010.

Yellow-green light-emitting electrochemical cells with long lifetime and high efficiency

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 20:12:58 GMT

Andreas Sandstrom, Piotr Matyba, and Ludvig Edman
We show that the electrochemical stability window of the constituent components in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), e.g., the electrolyte, should be considered in order to minimize undesired side reactions. By designing and operating LECs in accordance with straightforward principles, we ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053303 (2010)] published Mon Feb 1, 2010.

Energy harvesting using a modified rectangular cymbal transducer based on 0.71Pb(MgNb)O0.29PbTiO single crystal

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 18:51:55 GMT

Bo Ren, Siu Wing Or, Xiangyong Zhao et al.
In this paper, we presented a modified rectangular cymbal transducer used as the vibration energy harvesting device based on 0.71Pb(MgNb)O0.29PbTiO single crystal. The vibration modes of the device were analyzed and the electrical properties were studied systematically. Under a cyclic force of 0.55 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034501 (2010)] published Mon Feb 1, 2010.

Dielectric saturation of liquid propylene carbonate in electrical energy storage applications

Fri, 22 Jan 2010 18:52:11 GMT

Lu Yang, Brian H. Fishbine, Albert Migliori et al.
Dielectric characteristics of a molecular model of liquid propylene carbonate are evaluated for utilization in molecular scale simulation of electrochemical capacitors based on nanotube forests. The linear-response dielectric constant of the bulk liquid, and its temperature dependence, is in good ag ... [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 044701 (2010)] published Fri Jan 22, 2010.

Effects of nanoparticle charging on streamer development in transformer oil-based nanofluids

Wed, 06 Jan 2010 21:18:14 GMT

J. George Hwang, Markus Zahn, Francis M. O'Sullivan et al.
Transformer oil-based nanofluids with conductive nanoparticle suspensions defy conventional wisdom as past experimental work showed that such nanofluids have substantially higher positive voltage breakdown levels with slower positive streamer velocities than that of pure transformer oil. This parado ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 014310 (2010)] published Wed Jan 6, 2010.

Ab initio study of EMIM-BF crystal interaction with a Li (100) surface as a model for ionic liquid/Li interfaces in Li-ion batteries

Mon, 28 Dec 2009 19:39:01 GMT

Hubert Valencia, Masanori Kohyama, Shingo Tanaka et al.
We examined the atomic and electronic structures of an interface between a 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF) ionic-liquid crystal and a Li(100) surface by periodic density-functional calculations, as a model for a room-temperature ionic-liquid (RTIL) electrolyte/Li interface a ... [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 244705 (2009)] published Mon Dec 28, 2009.

Magnetohydrodynamic energy conversion by using convexly divergent channel

Wed, 23 Dec 2009 14:59:52 GMT

Tomoyuki Murakami and Yoshihiro Okuno
We describe a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical power generator equipped with a convexly divergent channel, as determined through shock-tunnel-based experiments. The quality of MHD power-generating plasma and the energy conversion efficiency in the convexly divergent channel are compared with tho ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251502 (2009)] published Wed Dec 23, 2009.

Design guidelines of periodic Si nanowire arrays for solar cell application

Fri, 18 Dec 2009 16:05:55 GMT

Junshuai Li, HongYu Yu, She Mein Wong et al.
In this letter, optimum periodic Si nanowire (SiNW) arrays are designed via simulation for solar cell application, in terms of the structural parameters, e.g., the array periodicity (P) and SiNW diameter (D). It is found that the more efficient light absorption compared to that of the Si thin film w ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 243113 (2009)] published Fri Dec 18, 2009.

Carbon nanofiber supercapacitors with large areal capacitances

Tue, 15 Dec 2009 17:20:45 GMT

James R. McDonough, Jang Wook Choi, Yuan Yang et al.
We develop supercapacitor (SC) devices with large per-area capacitances by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) porous substrates. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) functioning as active SC electrodes are grown on 3D nickel foam. The 3D porous substrates facilitate a mass loading of active electrodes and per-are ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 243109 (2009)] published Tue Dec 15, 2009.

Power-scaling performance of a three-dimensional tritium betavoltaic diode

Tue, 08 Dec 2009 19:38:15 GMT

Baojun Liu, Kevin P. Chen, Nazir P. Kherani et al.
Three-dimensional diodes fabricated by electrochemical etching are exposed to tritium gas at pressures from 0.05 to 33 atm at room temperature to examine its power scaling performance. It is shown that the three-dimensional microporous structure overcomes the self-absorption limited saturation of be ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 233112 (2009)] published Tue Dec 8, 2009.

Energy harvesting through flow-induced oscillations of a foil

Tue, 22 Dec 2009 19:09:06 GMT

Zhangli Peng and Qiang Zhu
By using a NavierStokes model, we examine a novel flow energy harvesting device consisting of a flapping foil mounted on a damper (representing the power generator) and a rotational spring. Self-induced and self-sustained flapping motions, including a heaving motion h(t) and a pitching motion alpha( ... [Phys. Fluids 21, 123602 (2009)] published Tue Dec 22, 2009.

A laboratory study of low-mode internal tide scattering by finite-amplitude topography

Fri, 18 Dec 2009 18:57:07 GMT

Thomas Peacock, Matthieu J. Mercier, Henri Didelle et al.
We present the first laboratory experimental results concerning the scattering of a low-mode internal tide by finite-amplitude Gaussian topography. Experiments performed at the Coriolis Platform in Grenoble used a recently conceived internal wave generator as a means of producing a high-quality mode ... [Phys. Fluids 21, 121702 (2009)] published Fri Dec 18, 2009.

A new photoelectrochemical test cell and its use for a combined two-electrode and three-electrode approach to cell testing

Thu, 17 Dec 2009 19:36:27 GMT

Daniel V. Esposito, Ouloide Y. Goue, Kevin D. Dobson et al.
This paper describes the design, assembly, and operation of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) test cell that is relatively easy to construct and well suited for testing photoelectrode/counterelectrode combinations in a reproducible manner. The design of the cell permits measurements to be made in both tw ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 125107 (2009)] published Thu Dec 17, 2009.

Improved fiber optic device for in situ determination of electrolyte stratification in lead-acid batteries

Thu, 17 Dec 2009 19:36:15 GMT

G. Gajdatsy, F. Benedek, J. Kokavecz et al.
A three-channel, highly sensitive, fiber optic device is presented to measure acid concentration in lead-acid batteries during their operation. The refractive index and thereby the concentration of sulfuric acid is measured by a bent, silica glass fiber tip, stripped off its cladding. Sensor heads o ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 125108 (2009)] published Thu Dec 17, 2009.

Characterization of multifunctional structural capacitors for embedded energy storage

Tue, 08 Dec 2009 18:22:15 GMT

Yirong Lin and Henry A. Sodano
Multifunctional composites are a class of materials that combine structural and other functionalities such as sensing, actuation, energy harvesting, and vibration control in order to maximize structural performance while minimizing weight and complexity. Among all the multifunctional composites deve ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 114108 (2009)] published Tue Dec 8, 2009.

Elastomeric microfluidic diode and rectifier work with Newtonian fluids

Mon, 07 Dec 2009 18:24:08 GMT

John Liu, Yan Chen, Clive R. Taylor et al.
We report on two microfluidic elastomeric autoregulatory devicesa diode and a rectifier. They exhibit physically interesting and complex nonlinear behaviors (saturation, bias-dependent resistance, and rectification) with a Newtonian fluid. Due to their autoregulatory properties, they operate without ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 114311 (2009)] published Mon Dec 7, 2009.

The effect of angle of incidence on the optical field distribution within thin film organic solar cells

Tue, 01 Dec 2009 19:08:06 GMT

A. Meyer and H. Ade
The optical field within an organic solar cell is the result of thin film interference effects which become more complex at higher angles of incidence. We use optical modeling to study the optical field at oblique incidence. Our findings include an expansion of the interference pattern, a significan ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 113101 (2009)] published Tue Dec 1, 2009.